Drug abuse and addiction are increasingly severe, which is both a serious social problem and an important medical research work. It is very significant to evaluate dependence potential of centrally acting drugs. Several lines of evidence have shown that there is a close relationship between drug sensitization and drug abuse and addiction. More attention has been directed to sensitization of abused drugs. We introduce the establishment of behavioral sensitization animal model, review neurobiological mechanisms underlying development and expression of behavioral sensitization, and further discuss the role of behavioral sensitization animal model in evaluation of drug dependence.

To study the effect of heparin on the ConA induced acute liver injury inKunming mice,twenty four mice were randomly divided into groups A,B and C.To the mice in group A, 0 2ml of normal saline (NS) was intravenously administered, while those in group B were given ConA 18mg/kg instead of NS in order to induce severe acute liver injury. Heparin was injected subcutaneously in a dose of 100U per animal at the same time as ConA challenge in group C. Compared with group B, prior injection of heparin in group C significantly decreased the mice death rate and the peak levels of serum ALT within 8h. At the same time, intrasinusoidal congestion and hepatic inflammation were alleviated significantly,and MDA level in liver homogenate was lowered markedly. It suggested that heparin is efficient in protecting the mice from liver injury induced by ConA.

Objective To investigate the relationship between expressions of multidurg resistance associated factors and chemosensitivity of 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) in lymph node metastases(LNMs) of colon carcinoma.Methods The chemosensitivity to 5-FU was measured by MTT assay,and the expressions of P-gp,GST-?,p53,survivin,Bcl-2 and Bax were determined immunohistochemically in 48 paired primary tumor(PT) and LNMs of colon carcinoma.Results The inhibition rates of LNMs cells for 5-FU were higher than that of PT(P

Objective To investigate the antenatal influencing factors associated with birth weight of twins and the risk factors for the occurrence of discordant twins. Methods Totally, 834 twins delivered at the Third Affiliated Hospital from January 2000 to December 2009 and the First Affiliated Hospital of SUN Yat-sen University, from January 2000 to June 2009, were recruited in the study. The diagnosis criteria of discordant twins was intrapair birth weight difference more than 25 %.Antenatal factors on birth weight were retrospectively investigated among twins and discordant twins respectively with Logistic analysis. Results (1) There were several factors associated with birth weight of twins, including maternal age, conceptive style, chorionicity, gestational diabetes mellitus and placental cord insertion ( P = 0. 021, 0. 000, 0. 000, 0. 012 and 0. 017, respectively). While hypertensive disorder in pregnancy, parity and fetal gender differences were not associated with the birth weight of twins (P＞0.05). Hypertensive disorder in pregnancy (OR=2. 600, 95% CI:1. 566-4. 316) and monochorionicity (OR= 1. 833, 95% CI: 1.010-3. 582) were risk factors of discordant twins. All 834 twin pregnancies were divided into 4 groups according to materal age, ＜25 yrs (n=69), 25-30 yrs (n=312), 30-35 yrs (n=325) and ≥35 yrs (n=128). The average birth weight of twins were (2205±483) g, (2347±406) g, (2381±439) g and (2352±455) g. Significant difference was found bewteen every two groups (P＜0. 05) except that between the 30-35 yrs and ≥35 yrs group (P＞0.05). Among twins of different gender (n=270), the average birth weight of boys and girls were (2416±-514) g and (2322±488) g, and that of female twins (n=272) and male twins (n=292) were (2301±418) g and (2381±428) g. Significant difference was shown between every two groups (P＜0.05) except that between the male twins and male fetus of twins of different gender (P＞0.05).Conclusions The fetal birth weight of twins decreases remarkably when maternal age ＜25, or monochorionicity twins, or complicated with marginal or velamentous placental cord insertion or female pairs.However, birth weight of twins would increase if the pregnancy conceived by assisted reproductive technology or complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus. Twin pregnancy complicated with hypertensive disorder in pregnancy or monochorionicity should alert the clinicians of discordance twins.

Objective To explore the feasibility of home-based fecal occult blood self-test (home FOBTself-test) in the community colorectal cancer (CRC) screening,thereby to improve the community's compliance with colorectal cancer screening.Method Community medical staff and residents in Dongcheng District was recruited by means of self-reported questionnaires about personal wishes for home FOBT self-test screening since August 2013 to January 2014.Finally,using x2 test and logistic regression analysis to analyze the results of the final questionnaire.Of the total of 6,147 copies of the questionnaire,5 943 copies were valid questionnaires (Community medical staff:resident=114:5 829).Results 88.6％ of community medical staff and 69.1％ of community residents expressed willingness to choose home self-test FOBT.Univariate analysis showed that wishes of community medical staff for FOBT screening were unrelated with gender (P=0.635),age (P=1.000),CRC high-risk or not (P=0.418),awareness of home self-test FOBT(P=0.693).The wishes of community residents for FOBT screening related with gender (P=0.012),age (P=0.000),CRC high-risk or not (P=0.000),awareness of home self-test FOBT (P=0.000).Colorectal cancer risk was the greatest impact on wishes for FOBT screening (OR 值 (95％ CI) =8.594 (7.279-10.148)).Conclusions Home FOBT self-test was simple,fast,easy to use and widely accepted in CRC screening of community residents,therefore it may improve the community's compliance with colorectal cancer screening.Screening for CRC is strongly recommended.

BACKGROUND:The CD133 expression in non-smal cel lung cancer shows some changes, which is definitely related to the occurrence and development of diseases. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the expression of CD133 in non-smal cel lung cancer, and to analyze its relationship with clinical pathological factors and prognosis. METHODS:Non-smal cel lung cancer tissue specimens from 135 cases were col ected, and normal lung tissue specimens from 60 cases were set as normal control group. Immunohistochemical staining was used to detect CD133 expression in two groups, and the relationship between the expression of CD133 protein and the clinical pathological factors was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The positive expression of CD133 protein in the non-smal cel lung cancer group was significantly higher than that in the normal control group (P<0.05). (2) CD133 protein expression had no association with age, gender, tumor size, tumor location, histological type (P>0.05), and CD133 protein expression was significantly increased with the differentiation of non-smal cel lung cancer (P<0.05). The positive expression rate of CD133 protein was significantly different between different clinical stages and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). (3) CD133 and TNM staging were independent prognostic factors for non-smal cel lung cancer (P<0.05), and the median survival time was significantly shorter in the positive group than in the negative group (P<0.05). The results indicate that CD133 is involved in the occurrence, development, infiltration and metastasis of non-smal cel lung cancer, and it has important clinical significance for the disease progression and prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the early and mid-term efficacy of endoscopic vein harvesting(EVH) undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting(CABG) in patients over 70 years old.Methods Patients' data of CABG were analyzed retrospectively in General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region from June 2011 to January 2013.400 patients were enrolled in the study according to the inclusion criteria.All patients were divided into two groups by the method of harvesting great saphenous vein (GSV):EVH group (n =200) and open vein harvesting(OVH) group(n =200).Each group was divided into two subgroups:group A(age≥70 years old) and group B (age ＜ 70 years old).The number of the group A was 85 in the EVH group and 79 in the OVH group.The number of the group B was 115 in the EVH group and 121 in the OVH group.The intraoperative findings,the quality of GSV and postoperative pain were evaluated,patients were followed up regularly after discharge.Results The postoperative complications occurred in the EVH group such as numbness and edema of lower limb in group A reduced greatly compared with group B(P ＜ 0.05).However,in the OVH group,there were no great difference in group A and group B(P ＞ 0.05) besides the postoperative pain (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The early and mid-term efficacy of EVH undergoing CABG is satisfied,especially in the patients over 70 years old.

Objective To explore the effect of group psychological training on the mental health and self consistency of nurses from operating rooms.Methods 52 nurses of an operating room were randomized into the treatment group(n=25)and the control group(n=27): The latter received humane care and instructions for mental self care and the former received group psychological training for 8 weeks based on the same treatment as in the control group.Symptom checklist 90(SCL-90)and self consistency and congruence scale(SCCS)were used to assess and compare the difference of the two groups before and after training.Results The intra-and inter-group comparisons between pre-and post-intervention showed statistical differences in terms of the total score by SCL,interpersonal sensitivity,depression and hostility,total score by SCCS and the score on the subscale of inconsistency between themselves and their experience(all P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion Group psychological training can effectively improve the level of mental health and self consistency of OR nurses and thus can improve the total psychological status of the OR nurses.

Two hundred and thirty-five patients of both sexes (123 male,112 female) aged 18-54 yr,weighing 35-62 kg underwent repair of tetralogy of Fallot from January 1996 to July 2009 in Fuwai hospital.Direct BP, ECG,CVP,SpO2,naso-pharyngeal temperature and TEE were continuously monitored during operation.Anesthesia was induced with midazolam and/or etomidate, fentanyl and pipecuronium and maintained with isoflurane/sevoflurane inhalation and intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl and pipecuronium. The total amount of fentanyl administered ranged from 30-50 μg/kg. Cardiac function was supported and hemodynamic stability was maintained with vasoactive and inotropic drugs. Measures were taken to strengthen blood conservation and respiratory function support.Seven patients(2.9%) needed urgent CPB during operation because of serious cyanotic spells. Perfusion-induced lung injury occurred in 18 patients (7.6%). Circulation was assisted by ECMO in 2 patients (0.9%). Three patients (1.3%) died of serious low cardiac output and perfusion-induced lung injury.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of inhibition of apoptosis proteins like p53,survivin,bcl-2 and chemosensitivities in gastrointestinal tract carcinomas.Methods The expression of p53,survivin and bcl-2 were determined immunohjstochemically,and the chemosenisitivities to 9 drugs was measured by MTT assay in 84 tissue specimens of gastrointestinal carcinomas.Resuits Positive immunostainning for p53,survivin and bcl-2 were found in 64%,89%and 61%of cases.respectively.Correlation existed between the expression of Sllrvivin and bcl-2(r=0.3027,P＜0.05).In terms of relationship between expression of p53,survivin or bcl-2 and inhibition rates of tumor cells.the inhibition rates to PTX and DDP in p53 strong expression group were lower than those in weak group(t=2.1282,P:0.0363;t=3.8850,P=0.0002).When survivin expressed strongly,the inhibition rates for VCR and DDP decreased significantly(t=2.1693,P=0.0329;t=2.0247,P=0.0046),while that for OXA increased(t=-2.9070,P:0.0047).here were lower tumor inhibition rates for 5-FU.VCR,eADM and OXA in bcl-2 strong expression group than those in weak group(t=2.1483～3.2330,P=0.0347～0.0018,respectively).Conclusions The extent of the expression of P53.survivin or bcl-2 in gastrointestinal carcinomas was associated with the chemosensitivities of some drugs.In assessing the influence of p53,survivin or bcl-2 on durg resistance,many factors and mechanisms should be considered.