[Objective]To observe the characteristic ultrastructure changes of compressive spinal cord injury.[Method]Animal model of compressive spinal cord injury was made by modified Allen's method.Pathological changes of spinal cord tissues were observed with transmission electronic microscopy after 4 weeks.[Result]The characteristic ultrastructure changes of compressive spinal cord injury were observed obviously.It was necrosis without inflammatory cell reaction.The single-direction break of myelin sheath and the traumatic cell could be observed.They were all formed by the reason of biomechanics.These two characters were the characteristic ultrastructure changes of compressive spinal cord injury.[Conclusion]These new ultrastructure observations can provide certain materials for the basal explore of compressive spinal cord injury.

BACKGROUND: Cervical sympathetic ganglia block accelerates the re covery of the homeostasis of organic nervous-endocrine-immune system, butit is still unclear whether it can suppress the imbalance of homeostasis in duced by post-traumatic stress disorder. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of cervical sympathetic ganglia blockon the mortality of mice with combined radiation and burn injury, andwhether it can become an easy and effective method to treat secondarydamage after serious trauma. DESIGN: A randomized grouping design, an animal controlled experiment. SETTING: Department of Anesthesiology, Guangzhou General Hospital, Guangzhou Military Area Command of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiments were carried out in the Institute of Combined Injury, the Third Military Medical University of Chinese PLA between February 2004 and July 2005. Totally 160 Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group (n=50) and cervical sympathetic ganglia block group (n=50). In the control group, the mice were only induced to models of combined radiation and bum injury, and treated with injection of 0.3 mL saline at cervical part. In the cervical sympathetic ganglia block group, the mice were induced to models of combined radiation and burn injury, and then treated with cervical sympathetic ganglia block, once a day for 14 days continuously.METHODS: Methods to induce injury in the animals: ① Radiation injury: The mice were given even radiation of 60Coγ ray (5 Gy) at a distance of 1.5 m to the whole body, the rate of absorptive dosage was (5.17-5.33) mGy/s. ② Burn injury: After the radiation injury, coagulated gasoline was smeared on the back and burnt for 8 s to induce degree Ⅲ burn injury of 15% of the total body surface, which was proved by the pathological section. Methods of cervical sympathetic ganglia block: Cervical sympathetic ganglia block was given bilaterally, and then the mice were injected with 0.2 mL lidocaine (5 g/L), and it was observed whether the symptoms similar to Horner syndrome (hyperemia of conjunctiva, drooping eyelid,blushing, smaller eyeslit) occurred or not at 5 minutes after injection.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The mortality at 2, 5, 7, 10, 20 and30 days after injury and the changes of the numbers of red blood cells,white blood cells and blood platelet in peripheral blood at 7, 14 and 21 days after injury were observed in both groups. The effects of cervical sympathetic ganglia block on the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α),interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum at 3, 6 and 14days after combined radiation and burn injury were also observed.RESULTS: All the 160 mice were involved in the analysis of results without deletion. ① Compared with the control group, the mortalities at 5,7, 10, 15, 20 and 30 days in the cervical sympathetic ganglia block group were significantly decreased [control group: 8%, 22%, 32%, 54%, 74%,82%, 90%; cervical sympathetic ganglia block group: 8%, 14%, 16%, 22%,28%, 34%, 56%]. ② Compared with the control group, the numbers of red blood cells, white blood cells and blood platelets in peripheral blood at 7,14 and 21 days after injury in the cervical sympathetic ganglia block group were significantly increased [at 21 days: red blood cells: 23.21×1012 L-1, 14.58×1012 L-1; blood platelet: 16.87×1011 L-1, 12.57×1011 L-1; white blood cells: 20.65×109 L-1, 14.58×109 L-1]. ③ The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β andIL-6 in serum at 3, 6 and 14 days after injury in the cervical sympathetic ganglia block group were significantly decreased as compared with those in the control group [at 14 days: TNF-α: 189, 365 ng/L; IL-1β: 14, 23 ng/L;IL-6: 70, 132 ng/L].CONCLUSION: Cervical sympathetic ganglia block can significantly decrease the mortality of animals with combined radiation and burn injury,and it is an easy and effective method to treat serious trauma, and the mechanism may be realized through accelerating the recovery of hematopoietic function and suppressing the excessive inflammatory reaction.

Objective To explore if there is a difference in blood pressure in left and right extremities.Methods A total of 20164 adults who took part in health check-up at Health Examination Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital between December 2009 and August 2011were enrolled in this study.Age,height and body weight were recorded,and blood pressure in extremities was measured in synchronous way by using an arteriosclerosis detector.Results (1) Blood pressure in upper left extremity was slightly higher than that in upper and lower right extremity ( all P =0.0001).( 2 ) Difference in diastolic blood pressure in upper left and right limbs in females (2.1±6.7) mm Hg(1mm Hg =0.133 kPa) was more significant than that in males (1.4 +6.5 ) mm Hg ( P =0.0000).In males,difference in systolic blood pressure between two lower extremities ( 2.3 ± 9.6 )mm Hg was more significant than that in females (1.9 ±13.4) mm Hg ( P =0.0225 ).( 3 ) The above mentioned differences were found in low or normal weight and over-weight/obesity populations,which was not correlated with body mess index.(4) The difference of diastolic blood pressure in left and right limbs of relatively taller adults ( ＞170 cm) was more significant than that in shorter populations ( ＜170 cm ) (P =0.001).Conclusion The differences in blood pressure in left and right extremities do exist.

Objective To explore the relationship between levels of serum 25-(OH) D3 and changes in Th1/Th2 cell balance in infants with recurrent wheezing.Methods Sixty cases of infants with recurrent wheezing were involved and 60 cases of healthy children were selected as controls.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of serum 25-(OH) D3 and double-antibody sandwich (ABC-ELISA) was used to detect the serum levels of interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin (IL)-4,IL-13,and then the relationship between the levels of serum 25-(OH) D3 and changes in Th1/Th2 balance in infants with recurrent wheezing were explored.Results Serum 25-(OH) D3 levels decreased significantly in the infants with recurrent wheezing group compared with those of the healthy control group [(18.24 ± 5.64) μg/L vs (37.85 ± 7.78) μg/L] (t =15.810,P =0.000).Serum IFN-γ levels decreased significantly in the infants with recurrent wheezing group compared with those of the healthy control group [(11.20 ± 2.08) ng/L vs (20.68 ± 3.87) ng/L] (t =16.700,P =0.000).In contrast,serum IL-4,IL-13 levels increased significantly in the infants with recurrent wheezing group compared with those of the healthy control group[IL-4:(28.61 ±6.44) ng/L vs (22.14±5.29) ng/L;IL-13:(20.02±4.83) ng/L vs (17.72± 4.06) ng/L] (t =6.201,P =0.000 ; t =2.829,P =0.006).Th1/Th2 in the infants with recurrent wheezing group were lower than that those of the healthy control group,and there was statistically significant difference between two groups(0.41 ± 0.12 vs 1.00 ± 0.36) (t =11.796,P =0.000).Serum 25-(OH) D3 levels were negatively correlated with Th1/Th2 in the infants with recurrent wheezing(r =-0.649,P =0.000).There were no correlation between serum 25-(OH) D3 levels and Thl/Th2 in the healthy control group(r =-0.217,P =0.096).Conclusions Low serum 25-(OH) D3 may be the risk factor for recurrent wheezing in infants.Serum 25-(OH) D3 levels were negatively correlated with Th1/Th2 in the infants with recurrent wheezing group,which show that recurrent wheezing in the infants is closely related to allergic reaction.

OBJECTIVETo introduce the technique of intrathoracic surgery performed through vertical transaxillary minithoracotomy.

METHODSFrom March 1989 to March 2001, 316 patients underwent intrathoracic surgery through a vertical transaxillary minithoracotomy. 285 patients suffered from patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), 10 congenital esophageal atresia, 8 congenital pulmonary cysts, 6 congenital emphysema, 1 pulmonary sequestration, 5 mediastinal tumor, and 1 eventration of the diaphragm.

RESULTSAll of the patients were successfully treated under satisfactory exposure. No operative mortality and severe postoperative complications occurred.

CONCLUSIONSIntrathoracic surgery performed through a vertical transaxillary minithoracotomy appears to be less invasive, and is a simple, safe, cosmetically acceptable and efficient approach.

Adolescent ; Axilla ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Cysts ; congenital ; surgery ; Ductus Arteriosus, Patent ; surgery ; Esophageal Atresia ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Lung Diseases ; congenital ; surgery ; Male ; Pulmonary Emphysema ; congenital ; surgery ; Thoracotomy ; methods

Objective Retrospectively analysis of our hospital thoracoscopic lobectomy cases in infants and children.This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of thoracoscopic lobectomy in infants and children.Methods Retrospective analysis of our hospital from April 2015 to August 2016,50 consecutive patients were plans to implement thoracoscopic lobectomy,excluding extralobar isolated,lung bullae,lung biopsies.35 males and 15 females,aged 2 months and 13 years,the average (5.94 ±3.94) years,3.25-59.00 kg body weight,average(22.15 ± 12.54) kg.11 cases of prenatal ultrasound to confirm.21 cases have a history of recurrent pneumonia.3 patients had a history of hemoptysis,are leaf-type isolation within the lung.Results 50 patients were successful in 46 cases by thoracoscopic surgery,4 patients underwent thoracotomy,transit rate of 8％.Transfer 4 cases,2 cases of left upper lobe,13 year-old and 15 year old children,preoperative recurrent pneumonia,pleural adhesions.1 case of right lower lobe,right lower pulmonary artery surgery damage the basal segments,bleeding.1 case of left lower lobe,the upper and lower leaf division stunted.VATS 40-300 minutes,an average of 120 minutes.There was no operative mortality,postoperative bleeding reoperation case who,as a transit cases thoracotomy.Lesion distribution right upper lobe in 5 cases,1ease of right middle lower,19 cases of right lower lobe,left upper lobe in 7 cases,18 cases of left lower lobe.Histological examination showed bronchial pulmonary cyst in 4 cases,leaf-type isolation within the lung in 15 cases,cystic adenomatoid malformation in 30 cases(type I 17 eases,type Ⅱ 13 cases).Indwelling chest tube after 2-3 days in hospital after 5-10 days,an average of 7 days.Postoperative follow-up 1-12 months,no recurrence and thoracic collapse,the remaining lung well compensated.Conclusion VATS lobectomy with less trauma,quicker recovery after surgery.However,due to the small chest in children,one lung difficulties,thoracoscopic operation requires a longer learning curve.Preoperative recurrent infections,pleural adhesions,fissure dysplasia will increase the rate of conversion to open.

Objective: To understand status of amphetaminetype stimulants (ATS) use among residents aged 15-64 in a border city of Yunnan province. Methods: Using the stratified cluster random sampling method, a total of 3 130 residents were recruited through both anonymous questionnaire and interview, regarding their health-related behaviour and ATS use. Results: Among 3 130 residents aged 15-64 years in this city, the overall prevalence rates of ATS use were 4.0% (126/3 130) in the lifetime and 2.6% (82/3 130) in the past one year, while the prevalence of ATS use disorder in the past year was 2.3% (73/3 130). The prevalence rates of lifetime ATS use and in the past year were 7.5% (108/1 443) and 5.1% (73/1 443) in the high epidemic area, 7.3% (122/1 682) and 4.8%(80/1 682) in males, 5.2% (118/2 260) and 3.4% (77/2 260) in 18-45 age group, 4.6%(63/1 361) and 3.4% (46/1 361) in the ones having had elementary school education, 10.3% (50/487) and 8.6% (42/487) in unmarried group, 17.1% (19/111) and 12.6% (14/111) in either divorced, widowed or separated group, 4.8% (108/2 256) and 3.2% (72/2 256) in the farmers group, 6.0% (99/1 643) and 4.4% (73/1 643) in the non-religious groups (neither Buddhism nor Christianity), 15.2% (97/639) and 11.9% (76/639) in groups with negative hobbies which were 1.3% (29/2 314) and 0.3%(6/2 314) higher than the ones with positive hobbies, 8.5% (84/992) and 6.3% (62/992) in the ones negatively managing the stress which were 2.0% (42/2 138) and 0.9% (20/2 138) higher than the ones that treating the stress in a positive way. Conclusions The prevalence rates of ATS use and ATS use disorder in the past one year appeared high among those residents aged 15-64 years in the border city of Yunnan province. Prevention and intervention programs should be carried out for the target groups as soon as possible.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a subset of myeloid malignancies defined by clonality of immature hematopoietic stem cells that leads to faulty blood cell development. These syndromes can lead to an increased risk of infection and may transform into acute myeloid leukemia, making it critical to determine effective treatments for the condition. While hypomethylating agents such as azacitidine and decitabine, as well as stem cell transplants, have been delineated as favored treatments for MDS, not all patients are physiologically receptive to these treatments. However, black raspberries (BRBs) have been shown to exert hypomethylating effects in various malignancies, with minimal adverse effects and thus a broader range of potential candidacies. This study aimed to investigate the potential of BRBs to exert such effects on MDS using Addition of Sex Combs Like/Tet Methylcytosine Dioxygenase 2 (Asxl1/Tet2) double knockout mice (Vav-cre Asxl1fl/fl Tet2fl/fl ), which typically manifest symptoms around 25 weeks of age, mirroring genetic mutations found in humans with MDS. Following a 12-week dietary supplementation of Vav-cre Asxl1fl/fl Tet2fl/fl mice with 5% BRBs, we observed both hyper- and hypomethylation at multiple transcription start sites and intragenic locations linked to critical pathways, including hematopoiesis. This methylation profile may have implications for delaying the onset of MDS, prompting a need for in-depth investigation. Our results emphasize the importance of exploring whether an extended BRB intervention can effectively alter MDS risk and elucidate the relationship between BRB-induced methylation changes, thus further unlocking the potential benefits of BRBs for MDS patients.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the colon, with a steadily rising prevalence in Western and newly industrialized countries. UC patients have a cancer incidence as high as 10% after 20 years of the disease. Although the importance of fruits and vegetables in defense against UC is beginning to be appreciated, the mechanisms remain largely unclear. In the current study, we reported that dietary black raspberries (BRBs) decreased colonic inflammation in the mucosa and submucosa of interleukin (IL)-10 knockout (KO) mice. We then used colon, spleen, and plasma from those mice to investigate whether BRBs exert their anti-inflammatory effects by correcting dysregulated toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 signaling to downregulate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Other studies reported that spleen is the reservoir of macrophages and depletion of macrophages in IL-10 KO mice prevents the development of colitis. Our results showed that BRBs decreased the percentages of macrophages in spleens of IL-10 KO mice. Moreover, mechanistically, the BRB diet corrected dysregulated TLR-4 signaling in cells from the colon and spleen, decreased PGE2 and prostaglandin I2, and increased 15-lipoxygenase and its product, 13-S-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid, in plasma of IL- 10 KO mice. Therefore, we have elucidated one of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms of BRBs, and have identified biomarkers that could be indicators of response in UC patients treated with them. Our findings with BRBs could well apply to many other commonly consumed fruits and vegetables.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of midodrine hydrochloride in the treatment of intradialysis hypotension (IDH)in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD)patients.Methods One hundred and tburteen MHD patients from 8 dialysis centers with IDH were enrolled in the study.These patients took orMly midodfine for 4～6 weeks.Midodrine(2.5～10 mg)was given 15～30 minutes after the beginning of hemodialysis,and another 2.5～10 mg was used during hemodialysis if systolic blood pressure(SBP)increased less than 20 mm Hg.The total usage of each dialysis session was not more than 20 mg.The pre-,intra-,post-hemodialysis blood pressure and heart rate,the pre-and post-hemodialysis body weight,the uhrafiitrated volume of each dialysis,the pre-and post-treatment liver and renal function and electrocardiogram were measured and recorded.The symptoms of IDH were observed. Results Compared to those before treatment with midodrine hydrochloride,the minimum intradialysis SBP and heart rate at that time,the post-dialysis SBP and heart rate,and total uhrafiitrated volume changed significanlly (P＜0.01).The total effective rate was 84.2%.And the symptoms of IDH were improved significantly (P＜0.01).The side effects were observed in only 2 patients.Conclusion Midodrine iS safe and effective for the treatment of IDH.