Objective:To study the role of AQP9 and its mRNA expression in the formation of ischemic cerebral edema in the rats.Methods:MCAO models were established by occluding unilateral middle cerebral artery(MCA) of the rats with the suture method.The morphological changes were observed with HE stain and transmission electron microscope(TEM).Brain water content(BWC) was measured by using wet-dry weighing method.The expression of AQP9 and its mRNA in the edema brain tissue were detected with in situ hybrilization(ISH) and immunohistochemistry(IHC).Results:The space around the neurons and perivascular space became larger.Some neurons showed necrosis phenotype,and the number of the neurogliocyte increased.The expression of AQP9 and its mRNA were up-regulated in subfornical organ(SFO)、choroid plexes、brain cortex、supraoptic nuclei、hippocampus and other regions,and reached its peak at 48~72h after MCAO.The brain water content(BWC) in ischemic cerebral tissue reached its peak at 72h.Conclusions:the expression of AQP9 and its mRNA were up-regulated following the brain edema.The results imply that AQP9 might play an important role in the formation of ischemic cerebral edema.

Objective To detect the expression of T helper cells 9 (Th9) in the peripheral blood and the level of interleukin (IL)-9 in the plasma of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients,and to analyze the relationship between Th9 and clinical characteristics,and their possible role in the immunological pathogenesis of RA were explored.Methods Thirty-six patients with RA and 22 healthy controls were included.RA patients were divided into high disease activity group (n=22) and moderate disease activity group (n=14).Th9 cells were obtained from RA patients and healthy controls and detected by flow cytometery.The levels of IL-9 in RA patients and healthy controls were detected by ELISA tests.T-test and Spearman's correlation were used for statistical analysis.Results The expression of Th9 and the level of IL-9 of RA patients [(0.99±0.50)％,( 1.06±0.42 ) pg/ml,respectively] were significantly higher than normal controls[ (0.21±0.08)％,(0.69±0.13)pg/ml,respectively,all P＜0.01 ].Meanwhile,the expression of Th9 and the level of IL-9 in high disease activity group [ ( 1.18±0.52 )％,( 1.37±0.47 ) pg/ml ] were higher than those of the moderate disease activity group [ (0.69±0.25)％,(0.94±0.30) pg/ml ].There were positive correlations between Th9 and disease activity score(DAS) 28,erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR),C-reactive protein (CRP),the number of tender joints,the number of swollen joints and rheumatoid factor (RF),the level of IL-9 respectively.There were positive correlations between IL-9 and DAS28,ESR,the number of tender joints,and the number of swollen joints.Conclusion High expression of Th9 and level of IL-9 maybe involved in the pat-hogenesis of RA,and is associated with disease activity.These results indicate that the abnormality of Th9 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA.

Objective To investgate the expression of Tfh and Th9 in the peripheral blood of rheumatoid arthritis ( RA),and to analyze the relationship between those cells and disease activity,organs of involvement,ect.,and to underly the possible immunological mechananism of RA.Methods Peripheral blood Tfh cells and Th9 cells,define as the CD4+ CXCR5 + ICOS+ and CD3 + CD8+ IL-9+ population,were examined by flow cytometry in 36 patients with RA and 22 case of age-and gender-matched health controls.According to 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28),patients were divied into two groups:high disease activity(n=22),moderate disease activity(n=14).And then to analyzed the correlation among the Tfh,Th9 and clinical data of RA,such as ESR,CRP,RF,the number of tender joints,the number of swollen joints and bone destruction,etc..While to analyzed the correlation between Th9 and Tfh.Results The expression of Tfh (Z=-6.082,P=0.000) and Th9 (0.989±0.498 vs 0.213±0.084,t=13.063,P =0.000 )in PBMCs of RA was significantly higher than normal controls.Meanwhile,the expression of Tfh ( 3.880 ±1.255 vs 2.678±1.022,t=2.990,P=0.005 ) and Th9( 1.181 ±0.523 vs 0.686±0.254,t =4.043,P=0.000) in high activity of group were higher than those moderate.The percentage of Tfh and Th9 in the two groups were all signifieantly higher than controls(P＜0.01 ),There was a positive correlation with Tfh and DAS28 ( r =0.571,P=0.000),ESR ( r =0.375,P =0.029),CRP( r =0.357,P =0.032 ),the number of tender joints ( r=0.598,P =0.000 ),RF ( r =0.421,P =0.023 ) and anti-CCP ( r =0.421,P =0.023 ).There were no relationship with Tfh and course,morning stiffness,the number of swollen joints,bone erosion and the abnormal of EKG.There was a positive correlation with Th9 and DAS28( r=0.461,P=0.005 ),ESR(r=0.347,P=0.042),CRP(r=0.384,P=0.210),the number of tender joints(r=0.341,P=0.042),the number of swollen joints (r =0.347,P=0.038 ) and RF( r =0.379,P =0.025 ) respectively.There were no relationship with Th9 and course,morning stiffness,CCP,the abnormal of EKG,bone erosion.There was a positive correlation with Tfh and Th9 (r=0.727,P =0.000),Conclusion The expression of Tfh and Th9 were increase significantly,which those cells were close relationship with the disease activity and some data,These results indicate that the abnormality of Tfh and Th9 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA.

Objective To define the expression of AQP4 in normal rat eyes at transcriptional and translational level, so as to provide morphological bases for the mechanisms of water transport in eyes. Methods Immunohistochemical SABC method and in situ hybridization were used to detect the expression and localization of AQP4 in normal rat eyes. Results The corneal epithelium, the iridal pigment epithelium cells, the nonpigment epithelium cells of ciliary body, the lens epithelium cells, the lens fiber cells, the outer nuclear layer cells, and the inner nuclear layer cells, the ganglion cells of the retina showed positive immunoreactivity of AQP4. The reactive substance was distributed in membrane but not in nuclei of all positive cells. The resuIts of in situ hybridization were identical with that of immuohistochemistry method. AQP4 mRNA could be detected in the cytoplasm of positive immunoreactive cells, however, nuclei were negative. Conclusion The results implied that AQP4 could coordinate with other AQP4 to play an important role in the secretion and regulation of aqueous humor, the maintenance of the diaphaneity of cornea and lens, the motivation and transmission of optesthesia.;

Objective To summarize experience of periopertively nursing children with floating thumb treated with composite tissue flap transplantation. Method Health education was done to 5 children with floating thumb treated with composite tissue flap grafting as well as their families including preparing preoperational checks, preventing crisis of blood circulation, medication and pain nursing and paying attention to rehabilitation instruction. Result All thumbs survived successfully and one patient developed with crisis of blood circulation, which disappeared in 15 minutes. Conclusion Good preoperative nursing and effective health instruction are critical for nursing of the children with floating thumb treated with composite tissue flap transplantation.

Objective To evaluate the value of the machine-drawn time-intensity curves with intravenous contrast-enhanced color Doppler imaging in study of perfusion of normal kidneys of the rabbits.Methods A series of sequent pictures of 16 normal kidneys of 8 rabbits with color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI) and color Doppler power imaging(CDPI) were collected,and time-intensity curves were drawn by the ultrasound instrument after intravenous administration of "Quanfuxian" contrast medium.Quantitative analyses were done by moving the "interest line".Results The time-intensity curves showed as single apex with steep ascending and slowly descending branch after contrast enhancement.Conclusions The machine-drawn time-intensity curves with intravenous contrast-enhanced color Doppler imaging could efficiently show the perfusion of kidney.

AIM： To give some information for rational administration of oral antiepileptic drugs to epileptic patients in clinic METHODS： The serum concentrations of oral phenytoin sodium， phenobarbital and carbamazepine were determined in 88,63 and 63 epileptic patients（ total 214 times） by fluorescence polarization immunoassay， respectively The individualized drugs administration schemes were provided RESULTS： The sensitivity to the three kinds of antiepileptic drugs varied in different patients CONCLUSIONS： The administration of oral antiepileptic drugs to epileptic patients must be based on the data of drug concentration in serum We must comprehensively consider the other factors

Objective To investigate the protective effect of adenosine A1 receptor agonist (2-chloro-N6-cyclopentyladenosine, CCPA) delayed preconditioning on myocardial ischemia reperfu-sion injury and the potential mechanism in rabbits. Methods Thirty New Zealand male white rabbits were randomly assigned to 3 groups:a control group, an I/R group, and a CCPA group. CCPA group was given CCPA 0.1 mg/kg before the myocardial ischemia. Twenty-four hours later I/R group and CCPA group underwent 40 min of coronary occlusion followed reperfusion for 2 h. At the end of the reperfusion, blood samples were taken from the arterial line for determining the plasma level of malondialdhyde and superoxide dismutase activity. The infarct size and area at risk were de-fined by Evans and TIC staining. The heart was harvested and levels of metallothionein (MT) were determined by Western blot, and ultrastructures were observed under the electron microscope. Results The MT level of CCPA group was significantly higher than that of the I/R group (P<0.05). CCPA significantly reduced the infarct size (22.1%±3.8% in the CCPA group) of the left yen-tricular area at risk as compared with the control (41.8%±4.3% in the I/R group,P<0.05). The injury of I/R group was worse than that of the CCPA group under the light microscope. CCPA group had higher superoxide dismutase and lower malondialdhyde than those of the I/R group. Con-clusion CCPA can increase the level of metallothionein during ischemia-reperfusion, which may be part of the molecular mechanism of CCPA delayed preconditioning on cardioprotection.

The traditional teaching mode of "subject-centered" has many shortcomings such as knowledge separation and lack of integrity. In order to make up for the deficiencies of this mode, the organ-system integrated medical teaching mode has gradually become the trend of medical teaching reform. Taking "motor system" as an example, this paper discusses the practice of the organ-system integrated medical teaching mode from four aspects: teaching implementation, teaching quality supervision, supporting assessment system and teaching effectiveness.

In this study, the standard research methods were applied to account the awards and applications of scientific research achievements of Xiyuan hospital from 2010 to 2014. As for the scientific research awards, each department from Xiyuan hospital was active, but the awards application offices were relatively few, thus the quantity of the awards was decreasing year by year. And the distribution was relatively uneven. The basic characteristics of scientific research awards showed that the National Science and Technology Award was the most difficult award. And other characteristics of scientific research award showed that it was often based on a project with high social recognition and high authority, and with the first researchers were high rank professors. This work cast light on that scientific research management should improve the quality of projects and strengthen exchanges, propaganda and introduction of each project achievement, enhance team establishment as support, and establish a reasonable assessment system for scientific research achievements.