Objective To explore a new method for establishing an animal model of cochlear ischemia.Methods Thirty guinea pigs were randomized into three groups:normal group,operation group,ischemia group.Anterior inferior cerebellar artery(AICA)was exposed surgically via a skull base approach.In ischemia group,a small piece of filter paper containing FeCl3 was placed upon the AICA to induce thrombus formation.In operation group,AICA was only exposed.In normal group,nothing was done to animal.The blood flow of cochlea(CoBF)was continuously monitored with laser Doppler flowmeter.The thresholds of auditory brainstem response(ABR)were measured before,after each experiment,and one week after operation.The AICAs of ischemia group and operation group were resected and pathological sections were perfomed for observation of the details.Results After the administration of FeCl3,the CoBF decreased to 50% of the base level at 30 min.In the AICA pathological sections of ischemia group,white thrombus composed of cellulose,blood platelets and erythrocytes could be seen.The threshold of ABR in ischemia group increased significantly.Conclusion The method provides a relatively ideal model for ischemis of the inner ear and this model may be helpful in studying the mechanisms of hearing loss caused by chronic microcirculatory disorders.

Objective To analyze the features of intracranial epidermoid cyst on CT and MRI imaging.Methods 26 patients with intracranial epidermoid cysts proven pathologically were examined with pre-and post-contrst enhanced CT and MR imging,and 6 of 26 cases undergone CT plain scan.CT and MR imaging of 20cases were retrospectivelly reviewed.Results Among 26 cases,16 were located in the cisterns of cerebell opontine angle,7 in saddle area.2 inside of the skull;1in the brain essence.On CT,25 cases were homogeneous hypodense,one case was promiscuous high density,16 cases demonstrted inhomogeneous hypointensityimaging on T1WI,and inhomogenous hyperintensity on T2WI.4 cases display inhomogeneous signal.No contrast enhancement was noted except 2 cases with slightly periphery enhancement.One case brain organization receives invades,There was edema around tumor.17 cases demonstrated slightly inhomogeneous hyperintensity on FLAIR MR images,3 cases obviously advance.Conclusion The CT and MRI features of intracranial epidermoid cysts were certain characteristic,and MRI played an important role.as to uncharacteristic epidermoid cyst,there is still space for further research.

Objective To investigate the regrlative role of the cervical sympathetic ganglia on the cochlear blood flow and auditory function in guinea pig.Methods The horseradish peroxidase(HRP) was given to spiral modiolar artery locally for retrograde tracing in guinea pig. Immunohistochemical double-labeled technique was used in this study. The cochlear blood flow and auditory brainstem response(ABR) was measured a week after anilateral superior cervical sympathectony. The animal model of superior cervical sympathectomy following noise exposure in guinea pigs was estableshed to observe the auditory threshold shift.Results Retrogradely labeled neurons with HRP were found in the ipsilateral superior cervical ganglion(SCG). Most of HRP-labeled neurons in SCG were tyrosion hydroxylase(TH) positive. The blood flow of the capillaries of the stria vascularis on the experimental side a week ago were more aplenty than that of the opposite side, but the ABR threshold did not changed before and after ablation of the superior cervical ganglion.A protective role against noise injury was observed after surgical ablation of superior cervical ganglion.Conclusion The superior cervical sympathectomy can influence the cochlear blood flow and auditory function in guinea pig.

Objective To investigate localization and co-existence of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)and calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)on the cochlear spiral modiolar artery(SMA) and its branches.Methods The SMA was dissected from the modiolus so that the entire length of the vessel and many of its branches could be observed. Immunohistochemical ABC method and confocal immunoflurescence technique were employed to localize each compound and to determine whether the TH and CGRP coexist in neurons of the SMA.Results Microscopic examination of whole vessel preparation revealed numerous TH and CGRP-positive neural networks innervating the SMA and its branches.The labeled nerve fibers showed distinct arborization ,varicosities and overlap,and were of different diameters. The overall distribution of neuronal labeling suggested a gradual decrease of innervation density from proximal (cochlear base)to more distal vessels, i.e., apical cochlear vessels and lateral radiating arterioles. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy of double-labeled TH and CGRP neurons showed that a number of the TH-and CGRP-positive neurons were co-labeled. Thus, TH and CGRP partially co-exist within the neuronal innervation of SMA.Conclusion These findings support a hypothesis that specific neuropeptide and adrenergic neurons regulate cochlear blood flow.

AIM: To establish a model of staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB)-induced steroid resistance in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and to investigate the potential mechanism of SEB superantigen-induced steroid resistance in vitro. METHODS: PBMCs were isolated from normal children blood by Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation and stimulated with SEB at different concentrations. The proliferation rate of cells was measured by MTT assay. The subcellular localization of glucocorticoid receptor α (GRα) was examined by confocal microscopy. Protein phosphorylation was measured by means of Western blotting. RESULTS: SEB induced steroid resistance in a range of 10-500 μg/L and no significant difference among concentrations was observed. In SEB-stimulated PBMCs, the GRα did not translocate to the nuclear after dexamethasone treatment. ERK inhibitor U0126 significantly attenuated the inhibition of GRα nuclear translocation in SEB-stimulated PBMCs. SEB also induced more rapid and sustained phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in PBMCs. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that SEB may contribute to steroid resistance through ERK pathway and is associated with abrogation of GRα nuclear translocation.

Objective To investigate the auditory condition in adults with hearing-impairment and evaluate the outcome of the hearing aid. Methods The threshold of air-bone-conduction audiometry and binaural hearing aid in 91 adults were determined with pure tone audiometry,and their satisfaction to hearing aids were investigated with free interview. Results The threshold of hearing and hearing aid were positively correlated. The satisfaction did not significantly correlate with the threshold of hearing aid, but with the time of deprivation of hearing. The hearing threshold classification was better in the patients with the audiogram of flat, raising, slow down type than with audiogram of Shu type, which defined as hearing reacted only in 1 or 2 frequency. Conclusion It is important to improve the primary otology protection, as well as the rehabilitation from the hearing aids.

Objective To observe the anatomic relation of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and the vestibulocochlear nerve. Methods The anterior inferior cerebellar artery and branches related with the vestibulocochlear nerve in the cerebellopontine angle were examined with the operating microscopy in 20 adult head cadavers fixed with formalin. Results The incidence of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery, recurrent perforating artery and anterior inferior cerebellar artery loop was 100percent.The 80 percent recurrent perforating arteries passed between the facial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve. The 95 percent vestibulocochlear nerves had contact with the anterior inferior cerebellar artery or its branches. Among them, The 50 percent had two or more branches contacted with the vestibulocochlear nerves.Conclusion The result will supply useful anatomic data for the surgery in the cerebellopontine angle.

Objective Investigated the clinical features and risk factors of pulmonary metastasis in children with papillary thyroid carcinoma aiming to provide guide for clinical work.Methods Collected the informations of 40 patients with under the age of 14,who underwent surgery in the Thyroid surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of ZhengZhou University and confirmed for the papillary thyroid carcinoma by the postoperative pathology.At the same time,excluded studies with history of head and neck malignancy or lyphoma or secondary thyroid cancer,papillary thyroid carcinoma with hyperthyroidism and cases of imcomplete informations.The age of the 40 patients was 3 to 14 years old,12 were boy and 28 were girl.The largest tumor diameter was 7.5 cm,and the smallest was 0.3 cm.Tumor lesions were solitary in 22 cases and multiple lesions were in 18 cases.There were 33 cases of cervical lymph node metastases and 7 cases of no cervical lymph nodes.There were 10 cases of pulmonary metastasis and 30 cases of non-pulmonary metastasis.This research adopted chi-square test and Logistic regression statistical analysis of related risk factors and clinical features,including patients' age,gender,tumor diameter,number of lesions,surgical methods,neck lymph node metastasis,and pulmonary metastasis.Results The positive rate of plumonary metastsis in children with papillary thyroid carcinoma was 25％ (10/40),statistical analysis found that the positive rate of children with lung metastasis (x2 =8.620,P =0.003),tumor diameter over 2 cm (x2 =5.763,P =5.763) and the difference was statistically significant higher.Logistic regression analysis showed that the number of risk factors was multifocal papillary thyroid carcinoma in children lung metastasis (OR =13.058,P =0.028).Conclusions Higher lung metastasis is a clinical feature of thyroid papillary carcinoma in children.The risk of lung metastasis was significantly higher for children with thyroid papillary carcinoma who had multiple lessions.

Objective To study the image examination of renal injuries and discuss renal explorative indications so as to spare the kidney or nephron as much as possible and improve curative rate of diagnosis and treatment. Methods An analysis was done on 286 cases that included 231 cases with close injury, 54 with open injuries, one with iatrogenic injury and 91 with combined injuries. Of all, 212 cases were examined by B-ultrasonography, 163 by CT and 132 by intravenous urography(IVU) and 6 by digital subtraction angiography(DSA); 202 cases were treated with conservative treatment and 84 with operation. Results The diagnostic positive rates of IVU, B-ultrasonography and CT were 67.4%, 72.2% and 87.7%, respectively. Among the operation cases, 42 cases were treated by renal repair, 12 by partial nephrectomy and 30 by nephrectomy. The operation rate was 29.4% and the nephrectomy rate 35.5%. Interventional treatment of the kidney was carried out in three cases. Conclusions For renal injury cases, the first and most important step is to evaluate the injury condition so as to correctly determine whether an operation exploration is needed. The injury conditions and severity are mainly determined by the image examinations that change according to injury cause, injury type and clinical symptoms. Renal exploration or not, and the operation time exert great influence on renal reservation rate and complication rate.

Objective To study the renal oncocytoma CT eosinophil performance,improve the rate of correct diagnosis.Methods Retrospective analysis of seven cases confirmed by pathology of renal oncocytoma CT.Results Tumor cortex to the growth mainly three cases to the pelvis grow mainly two cases,two cases are located entirely within the renal parenchyma.Plain;Four cases of tumor performance for the more homogeneous density.Three cases density uniform,which show two cases within Stelletta tenui Lindgren-sharp edge,low-density,one cases show multiple internal circular low-density category,there calcification in 2 cases.Enhanced cortex and medulla period was more homogeneous strengthen four cases,three cases heterogeneous enhance and strengthen below the renal cortex.Pelvis period density decreased,but the level not lower than the same muscle density,and normal kidney tissue clear,two cases showed a complete fake capsule.Conclusions Renal oncocytoma scar except center outside homogeneous enhancement,pelvis with a period of not less than muscle density levels,and normal kidney tissue.Coated with a complete sham and center when scar more precise diagnosis.Other typical performance required when combined with clinical analysis.