OBJECTIVE To discuss the prevention and countermeasures of occupational bloodborne exposure risks in health care workers.METHODS The data of the exposure materials,and the management measure were collected.RESULTS Totally 397 people were exposed to hematogenous exposure injury,of which 96 doctors people,and 301 nurses,but no one got infection disease.CONCLUSIONS Good management can prevent the injury caused by occupational exposure.

OBJECTIVE To sum up the cases of hospital infection,in order to further improve the experience of the work of hospital infection.METHODS The investigation of hospital infection situation among inpatients 2005-2007 was reviewed.RESULTS The hospital infection rates in 2005-2007 were 1.81%,1.65% and 1.52%,respectively,mainly in the lower respiratory tract infection and surgical incision.CONCLUSIONS Hospital infection is closely related with the age,the underlying diseases,the antibiotic misuse and the environment.

Objective To explore the role of anterior horn index (AHI) in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) outcome after intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) and the correlation factors of IVH in preterm infants.Methods We selected 55 preterm infants with IVH(Ⅱ-Ⅳ degree) confirmed by MRI as case group,and 55 preterm infants with normal MRI as control group,all the cases were admitted in neonatal medical wards in our hospital from January 2009 to September 2011.Then 30 infants of case group were scaned for the second time,to see if they had posthemorrhagic ventricular dilatation (PHVD) and compare the AHI with the last time MRI,and analysis the related factors associated with IVH in preterm infants.Results MRI results:9 infants had PHVD,and the AHI rised (0.36 ± 0.05 v s 0.46 ± 0.06,P ＜ 0.01);21 infants didn't have PHVD,and the AHI decreased (0.31 ± 0.02 vs 0.30 ± 0.02,P ＜ 0.01).Logistic regression analysis:vaginal delivery,use of pulmonary surfactant,mechanical ventrilator care were associated with IVH (P ＜0.05).Conclusion AHI can be used for judging PHVD in preterm infants with IVH.Preterm infants with IVH,especially grade Ⅱ should be monitored AHI.Vaginal delivery and mechanical ventrilator may be risk factor of IVH in preterm infants,while use of pulmonary surfactant may a protective factor of IVH.

Objective To investigate localization and co-existence of the tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)and calcitonin gene-related peptide(CGRP)on the cochlear spiral modiolar artery(SMA) and its branches.Methods The SMA was dissected from the modiolus so that the entire length of the vessel and many of its branches could be observed. Immunohistochemical ABC method and confocal immunoflurescence technique were employed to localize each compound and to determine whether the TH and CGRP coexist in neurons of the SMA.Results Microscopic examination of whole vessel preparation revealed numerous TH and CGRP-positive neural networks innervating the SMA and its branches.The labeled nerve fibers showed distinct arborization ,varicosities and overlap,and were of different diameters. The overall distribution of neuronal labeling suggested a gradual decrease of innervation density from proximal (cochlear base)to more distal vessels, i.e., apical cochlear vessels and lateral radiating arterioles. Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy of double-labeled TH and CGRP neurons showed that a number of the TH-and CGRP-positive neurons were co-labeled. Thus, TH and CGRP partially co-exist within the neuronal innervation of SMA.Conclusion These findings support a hypothesis that specific neuropeptide and adrenergic neurons regulate cochlear blood flow.

ObjectiveTo explore the advantages and disadvantages of different local anesthetic subarachnoid block in patients with cesarean section.Methods120 patients to be in the spinal-epidural cesarean section down,were randomly divided into 3 groups(n =40):lighter than restructuring( Q group),so the proportion of(D),heavy weight ( Z group).Q Group:0.75 ％ bupivacaine 2ml + sterile water for injection 1ml,D group:0.75 ％ bupivacaine 2ml + CSF 1 ml,Z group:0.75％ bupivacaine 2ml + 10％ glucose,1 ml,2ml of each group were given(10mg).Characteristics in each group anesthesia,blood pressure,heart rate,complications and postoperative neurological effects were observed.ResultsThree groups made the same anesthesia,patients satisfaction with anesthesia had no significant difference.Z group was significantly improved compared with block group D and Q group( t =8.3,7.3,all P ＜ 0.05 ),Z group was the highest plane analgesia group than the high D and Q,Z group was significantly longer than the duration of sensory block and Q group(P ＜0.05),Z group and D duration of sensory block had no significant difference.Z group was significantly greater than the impact of the cycle Q and D groups.Anesthesia hypotension,nausea and vomiting,weight was significantly lighter than the restructuring,such as the proportion of high group.ConclusionCesarean section in the three groups in the proportion of different local anesthetic achieved the same anesthesia,and spinal anesthesia and other medication had the proportion of liquid single,and it was relatively simple,safe and more suitable for cesarean section anesthesia.

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis of portal hypertensive gastropathy(PHG). Methods Two rat models with portal hypertension(PHT) and a sham operation group were established to detect the pathological changes in histology and ultrastructure of the gastric mucosa as well as quantitative changes in histological morphology by graphic analysis computer system. Results Prominent edema, scattered red dots/ecchymosis were found in gastric mucosa in rats with PHT. Light and scan electron microscopy showed swelling or exfoliating of the epithelium cell, reduction of gastric gland number, thin of gastric mucosa, while infiltration of inflammatory cells, epithelium metaplasia were not found. The most characteristic findings were the changes of the mucosal capillaries and venules in both mucosal basal lamina and submucosa layer light microscopically, as well as the transmutation, stenosis and loose intercellular joining of the capillaries on electron microscopy. Ultrastructure observation revealed numerous pinocytes in epithelial cells as well as proliferation and hyperplasia of smooth muscle, collagenous fiber and extracellular matrix in venules. Quantitative analysis showed that the ratios of the cross sectional area and the vascular wall area between the gastric wall area(CSA/GWA & VWA/GWA) was higher in liver cirrhosis(LC) and portal vein stenosis(PVS) groups than that in sham operation(SO) group. There was a positive correlation between portal vein pressure and the ratio of the length of damaged mucosa and the length of mucosa(LDM/LM that was higher in LC group than in PVS group). Conclusions In rats with cirrhotic portal hypertension, distinct gastric microvascular morphological changes are the major etiological factor of PHG as a part of pathological changes in portal hypertension.

Objective To investigate the effect of continuous quality improvement on venous transfusion exosmosis in elderly patients.Methods Through the investigation into venous transfusion exosmosis in 160 elderly patients,the causes for exosmosis were identified,followed by regulating and enforcing improvement measures and assessing the effect.Results The incidence of venous transfusion exosmosis in elderly patients was reduced from 6.40%to 2.57%and the satisfaction of patients improved from 90.00%to 97.50%.Conclusion The continuous quality improvement may effectively reduce the incidence of venous transfusion exosmosis and improve patients’satisfaction.

BACKGROUND:Several studies have demonstrated embryonic stem cells induced neural precursor cells can promote functional recovery in rats with spinal cord injury.
OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of in vitro cultured embryonic stem cells induced neural precursor cells in rats with spinal cord injury.
METHODS:Total y 144 rats were randomly divided into three groups. Experiment group and control group rats had spinal cord transection injury. Embryonic stem cells-derived cells were injected into the vertebral canal at rostral and caudal segment perilesional y for the experiment group whereas PBS solution was injected instead of cells in the control group. Sham surgery group rats had only laminectomy without any spinal cord injury and treatment.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The experimental result showed that at day 21 post-injury, the regional expression of transforming growth factor-β1 was greater in rats from the control group in comparison to the experiment group (P<0.05). At each time point after spinal cord injury in rats, the expression of myelin basic protein in the spinal cord was significantly higher in the experiment group than the control group (P<0.05). After celltransplantation, Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan scores of the experiment group at different time points were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Transplantation of in vitro cultured embryonic stem cells induced neural precursor cells can reduce the late expression of transforming growth factor-β1, and can increase the expression of myelin basic protein which contributes to the recovery of rats with completely transected spinal cord injury.

Background and purpose:With the development of the three-dimensional (3D) science, minimally invasive technology is going into the 3D period. While 3D laparoscope system has been widely accepted by surgeons because of its better visual effect and safer operations compared to traditional laparoscope system, this study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of 3D thoracoscope system in minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of thoracic diseases. Methods: A total of 96 cases of thoracic diseases were accomplished with KARL STORZ 3D thoracoscope during Mar. 2014 to Oct. 2014, including 33 cases of lobectomy, 2 cases of segmentectomy, and 10 cases of wedge resection of pulmonary tumor, 27 cases of mediastinal tumor, 20 cases of esophageal tumor and 4 case of esophageal achalasia. The data of operative time, bleeding volume, postoperative chest tube drainage and hospital time and postoperative complications were counted. Results: All the operations were completed successfully, without conversion to open surgery. All the operations cost 30 to 237 min. The operation of local resection lasted 30 to 120 min, with an average of 52 min, the operation of pulmonary lobectomy lasted 63 to 122 min, with an average of 75 min;the operation of mediastinal tumor resection lasted 35 to 125 min, with an average of 77 min;and the operation of esophageal diseases lasted 57 to 237 min, with an average of 189 min. The bleeding volumes were 2 to 85 mL, 15 to 72 mL, 30 to 186 mL and with the average of 50 mL, 47 mL, 118 mL in pulmonary, mediastinal and esophageal operations respectively. The time of postoperative chest tube drainage of each surgery was 1 to 5 days after pulmonary operations, 1 to 3 days after mediastinal operations, and 2 to 6 days after esophageal operations. The postoperative hospital time of pulmonary operation was 2 to 10 days, with an average of 6.3 days;the time of mediastinal operation was 3 to 6 days, with an average of 4.2 days;and the time of esophageal operation was 4 to 19 days, with an average of 13.3 days. No complications and tumor recurrence or metastasis were observed during the followed 3 months. Conclusion: 3D thoracoscope system not only preserves the minimally invasive advantage of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), it can also provide high-definition and stereoscopic vision and better sense of depth which facilitate the operation more precise and safer, thus operation time becomes shorter. Besides, 3D system possesses the advantage of natural vision similar to open surgery, thus it has an easier and shorter learning curve.

Objective To observe the anatomic relation of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery and the vestibulocochlear nerve. Methods The anterior inferior cerebellar artery and branches related with the vestibulocochlear nerve in the cerebellopontine angle were examined with the operating microscopy in 20 adult head cadavers fixed with formalin. Results The incidence of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery, recurrent perforating artery and anterior inferior cerebellar artery loop was 100percent.The 80 percent recurrent perforating arteries passed between the facial nerve and the vestibulocochlear nerve. The 95 percent vestibulocochlear nerves had contact with the anterior inferior cerebellar artery or its branches. Among them, The 50 percent had two or more branches contacted with the vestibulocochlear nerves.Conclusion The result will supply useful anatomic data for the surgery in the cerebellopontine angle.