Objective To investigate the effects of different selective attention on the amplitudes of distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) .Methods DPOAE measurements were performed in 30 young adults (60 ears) in no task (baseline) ,visual selective attention and auditory selective attention ,respectively .The suppression of DPOAE amplitudes were observed in different selective attentions .The visual selective attention was to counter the number of letter Q presented on computer screen .The auditory selective attention was to counter the number of 2 .0 kHz toneburst in the insert earphone .Results Visual and auditory selective attention both decreased the DPOAE amplitudes in mid - low frequencies (0 .75 ~ 2 .0 kHz) .The suppression effects of visual selective attention were significant stronger than that of auditory attention in 0 .75 ~ 1 .0 kHz .The suppression amplitudes were 8 .54 ± 4 .76 and 5 .27 ± 2 .32 dB at 0 .75 kHz ,respectively .They were 7 .66 ± 5 .22 and 3 .22 ± 2 .15 dB at 1 .0 kHz ,re‐spectively .There were significant differences between the two selective attentions suppression (P< 0 .05) .Conclu‐sion Visual and auditory selective attention can both decrease the DPOAE amplitudes .The suppression effects of visual selective attention were significant stronger than that of auditory attention .

Humans ; Podocytes ; Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of deep needling at Tianshu (ST25) with electroacupuncture in treating post-stroke constipation. Method Forty-eight patients with post-stroke constipation were randomized into an electroacupuncture (EA) group and a medication group, 24 cases in each group. The EA group was intervened by deep needling at Tianshu with EA, while the medication group was by Cong Rong Tong Bian oral liquid. After 1 treatment course, the constipation symptom score was observed and the clinical efficacy was calculated. Result After 1 treatment course, the symptom score, total effective rate, recovery plus markedly-effective rate of the EA group were superior to that of the control group, and the inter-group differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Deep needling at Tianshu with EA can significantly enhance the clinical efficacy in treating post-stroke constipation and improve the quality of life.

Objective To investigate the influence of long-term sound conditioning on the physiology of outer hair cells.Methods Twenty healthy guinea pigs were exposed to a broadband noise for 14 days consecutively at the level 90 dB(A),8 h/day.The DP-gram and input/output(I/O)function(1~8 kHz)were measured at pre-conditioning,fourteen days conditioning,seven days post-conditioning and fourteen days post-conditioning,respectively.Results The results of DP-gram measurements demonstrated that long-term sound conditioning could enhance the DPOAE amplitudes within low frequencies(1~3 kHz,especially 5.0 dB at 2 kHz and 7.5 dB at 3 kHz,P

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of different ways of fluid resuscitation on uncontrolled traumatic hemorrhagic shock. MethodsThe retrospective analysis of data from 220 casualties with uncontrolled hemorrhagic shock admitted from September 2006 to October 2010 was carried out.There were two ways of fluid resuscitation used to treat casualties with hemorrhagic shock,conventional fluid resuscitation (group A) and limited fluid resuscitation (group B).The systolic pressure was maintained at 90 ～ 135 mm Hg in the group A and at 70 ～ 90 mm Hg in the group B.The data of body temperature,central venous pressure,quantity of blood transfused,urine output,renal function,hemoglobin,blood osmotic pressure (Osm) ,MODS and DIC rates,treatment costs and mortality of two groups were statistically analyzed and compared. Results After analyses of above mentioned variables except renal function and comparison made between two groups,the method of limited fluid resuscitation was much superior over conventional fluid resuscitation (P ＜ 0.05 ).There was no noticeable difference in rate of compromised renal function between two groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusions In the case of uncontrolled exsanguination,the method of limited fluid resuscitation can maintain blood perfusion of vital organs,reduce the blood loss and decrease the incidence of MODS and mortality.

Objective This study was to evaluate a new radical resection of hepatic hydatidosis. MethodSince 1999, total subadventitial cystectomy through the intraadventitial space of the hepatic hydatid cyst was performed on thirty patients with 45 liver hydatid cysts. Results The procedure was successful in all cases with no intraoperative rupture of the cysts. The average blood loss per cyst was 20?ml. There was no operative mortality, nor postoperative complications. Twenty one cases were followed up for an average period of 11 months with no recurrence. Conclusions The results indicate that the new procedure is a safe and radical alternative for the treatment of hepatic hydatidosis.

Objective To investigate the means of different anterior surgical approaches for cervicothoracic vertebral tumors, tumor excision procedure and reconstruction. Methods The clinical manifestation of tumors, different operative approaches, surgical procedures and prognosis of 7 cases admitted in our hospital from March, 1999 to May, 2002 were reported. Results After a follow up of 3 to 28 months, neurological function was improved significantly in all cases. One case with angiosarcoma and 2 cases with metastatic adenocarcinoma (C7, C6 7, T1) died of metastasis in other multiple locations and system failure in 3, 8 and 13 months after surgery respectively. No recurrent tumor focus was found at the operative sites during the follow up period. Conclusion The operative approach, surgical procedure and cervicothoracic spine anterior reconstruction should be selected according to the nature and location of tumors.

Objective To investigate the improved approach and bile duct approach of laparoscopic biliary tract exploration for the treatment of the elderly patients with common bile duct stones. Methods Ninety-two elderly patients with common bile duct stones were enrolled and randomly divided into the improved group and the conventional group ,with 46 cases in each group. The time of hemorrhage ,the time of common bile duct suture,the recovery time of gastrointestinal function,the time of hospitalization,body temperature,albumin and total bilirubin levels,complications and recurrence of stones were recorded and compared between the two groups. Results The time of hemorrhage,the time of common bile duct suture,the recovery time of gastrointestinal func-tion and the time of hospitalization in the improved group were lower than those in the conventional group(P<0.05, respectively). The body temperature of patients in the improved group was lower than that in the conventional group on 3 days after surgery(P<0.05). The overall incidence of postoperative complications in the improved group was lower than that in the conventional group (P < 0.05). No recurrence of stones was observed in both two groups. Conclusion The improved approach for laparoscopic common bile duct exploration surgery results in less bleed-ing,short common bile duct suture time,rapid postoperative recovery,less body temperature fluctuations and less complications,deserving popularization.

Objective To study the protective effects of crocetin on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and their correlation with the signaling pathway of serine/threonine protein kinase (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β/nitric ox?ide synthase (eNOS). Methods Forty healthy SD rats were divided into normal group (N), ischemia reperfusion group (IR) and 5, 10 and 15 mg/L of crocetin groups (CRO1, CRO2 and CRO3) by random number table method. The values of heart rate (HR), coronary flow (CF) and left ventricular pressure measurement (LVDP, LV+dp/dtmax, LV-dp/dtmax) 30 minutes after reperfusion were compared between five groups. TTC staining was used to detect the infarct volume. Spectrophotometric method was used to determinate the expression of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK-MB). The levels of Akt, the phosphorylation of Akt (p-Akt), GSK-3β, phosphorylation of GSK-3β(p-GSK-3β), eNOS and phosphorylation of eNOS (p-NOS) were detected by Western blot assay. Results The HR, CF, LVDP, LV+dp/dtmax and LV-dp/dtmax were significantly lower 30 min after reperfusion in IR group than those of N group and crocetin groups (P<0.05). The myocardial infarction area was bigger in IR group than that of crocetin groups. The expression levels of LDH and CK-MB were signifi?cantly higher in IR group than those of N group and crocetin groups (P<0.05). The reperfusion index was higher in CRO3 group than that of CRO1 group. The infarction area, LDH and CK-MB expressions were significantly decreased in CRO3 group than those of CRO1 group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in expressions of Akt, GSK-3βand eNOS between IR group, N group and crocetin groups. But p-Akt, p-GSK-3βand p-NOS were significantly decreased in IR group than those of N group and crocetin groups. The p-Akt, p-GSK-3βand p-NOS were significantly increased in CRO3 group than those of CRO1 group (P<0.05).Conclusion Crocetin has protective effects on myocrdial ischemia reperfusion injury in rats, which may be involved in the enhancing the phosphorylation of signalling pathway of Akt/GSK-3β/eNOS.

AIM:To observe the effects of hawthorn leaf polymeric procyanidins ( PPC) on calcium mobiliza-tion of vascular endothelial cells , and to study the underlying mechanism .METHODS: Free calcium in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was labeled with Fura-2.HUVECs were treated with ATP, a positive control drug, and PPC at concentrations of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg/L..The intracellular calcium concentrations were measured with a living cell microscope for 30 min.RESULTS:PPC concentration-dependently increased the intracellular calcium concen-tration of HUVECs .The intracellular calcium concentrations in 25 and 50 mg/L PPC groups were significantly higher than that in normal group (P<0.01).The dynamic manner of calcium concentration elevations elicited by PPC was a slow in -crease which happened after a latency time of several minutes , lasted for several minutes , and reached a plateau finally . This manner was quite different from that elicited by ATP , a typical SOC operator , hinting different mechanisms between them .Inhibiting the intracellular calcium release did not influence the effects of PPC;however , deleting extracellular calci-um, inhibiting the reverse mode of Na +-Ca2+exchange, or deleting extracellular sodium , restrained or even abolished the effects of PPC.CONCLUSION:PPC elicits calcium mobilization in vascular endothelial cells , which may be one of the mechanisms of the vascular modulatory activity of hawthorn procyanidins .This effect may be achieved through inducing the influx of sodium and then activating the reverse mode of Na +-Ca2+exchange.