To assure the quality and safety of nuclear medicine imaging,quality control for the imaging equipment is essential.Quality control consists of a series of special tests for assurance and adjustment of equipment accuracy according to specific standards.The development and status of quality control and the standards for nuclear medicine imaging equipment are investigated and reviewed in this study.The results show that the quality control and feasibility of the standards are both in need of improvement in China.

Whole-body PET-CT scanning has been used in the diagnosis and treatment of tumor to providing functional and morphological imaging. As the most widely used semi-quantitative analysis index, the cutoff value of SUV would affect the final diagnosis, therapeutic regimen and prognosis estimation. Therefore, the article reviews the influential factors of SUV, its correction methods, its cutoff values of differential various tumors and the progress of SUV. Although there is no acknowledged cutoff value of SUV in tumor diagnosis, SUV is still an important semi-quantitative index, and its rational and prudent use would increase both of the sensitivity and specificity in tumor diagnosis.

PET-CT, SPECT, and SPECT-CT examinations could lead to inevitable medical exposure for patients, and the radiation dose of this examinations and whether it was harmful to patients have attracted attention from the public and professionals. At the same time, there was still a controversy about whether the biological effect of low dose radiation was useful to human body. The research investigates and reviews the radiation dose of PET-CT, SPECT, and SPECT-CT scans and their biological effects. Under achieved to the demands of clinical conditions, operators should try to reduce the radiation dose of PET-CT, SPECT, SPECT-CT scans for patients. Although PET-CT, SPECT, SPECT-CT scans deliver inevitable radiation, the dose of single examination will not lead to deterministic effect, and even the view of the random effect of linear no-threshold from these scans also have been questioned.

Whole-body PET/CT scanning is accompanied by substantial radiation dose in clinic. A large proportion of the radiation dose for examination obtained from whole-boby PET/CT is from CT scan. So how to control radiation dose without impairing CT image quality determined by the clinic is particularly important. Anthropomorphic phantom is the best choice for the study of radiation dose and image quality in PET/CT. The article reviews the meaning of anthropomorphic phantom and the study about PET/CT image quality and radiation dose with the phantom, Then analyzes the relationship between image quality of CT in PET/CT and radiation dose in the practical application.

Objective To contrast the effects of anti-hypoxia and immunoregulation of two kinds of craft prepared Liuwei Dihuang Oral Liquid. Method Mice were divided randomly into 7 groups:control group and two preparation craft Liuwei Dihuang Oral Liquid (6, 3, 1.5 g/kg). The animals were intragastric administration with drugs for 14 d. The dead time, carbon clearance rate and index of thymus and spleen in each groups were observed and measured. Results Compared with the control group, two craft prepared Liuwei Dihuang Oral Liquid significantly prolonged survival time and increased mono-macrophage capability of carbon clearance (P

0.05).However, the frequency of the allele of g(-1359)t polymorphisms was higher in patients than that in the controls(P

Objective:To study the radiation dose rate around patients underwent renal dynamic imaging of SPECT with 99Tcm-DTPA, so as to provide the basis for ensuring the radiation safety of the surrounding environment and the general public.Methods: 109 patients who underwent renal dynamic imaging were enrolled in this study, and the radiation dose rates of different time and different distance after 99Tcm-DTPA was injected patients were measured. And then, the changes of dose rate following time and distance were analyzed. Results: At the 0.5h, 1h, 2h, 3h, 6h, and 7h after radiopharmaceuticals were injected patients underwent renal dynamic imaging, the radiation dose rates were 0.76-8.86 μSv/h, 0.68-7.27 μSv/h, 0.57-4.52 μSv/h, 0.56-3.90 μSv/h, 0.23-2.07 μSv/h and 0.21-1.05 μSv/h, respectively, between 0.5 m and 4 m away from patients. At 24h after radiopharmaceuticals were injected, all of radiation dose rates at different distances around patients were same with background values.Conclusion: The radiation dose rates around patients underwent renal dynamic imaging will rapidly decrease with the increasing of time and distance. At 24h after radiopharmaceuticals were injected, all of radiation dose rates at different distances away from patients were same with background values.

BACKGROUND: The effects of low-level laser biostimulation have been proved by various experimental studies and clinical application, which are manifested as tissue repairing, analgesia, antiinflammation, etc.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of He-Ne laser and low-level CO2 laser irradiation on fracture healing.DESIGN: A randomized controlled animal experiment. SETTING: Research Room of Laser Medicine, Chengde Medical College.MATERIALS: Forty-eight healthy male New Zealand rabbits, weighing 2.0-2.5 kg, were used.METHODS: The experiments were carried out in the Research Room of Laser Medicine, Chengde Medical College from 1998 to 2003. ①The 48 rabbits were induced into models of experimental fracture of the left radius, and then they were divided into three groups with 16 rabbits in each group: control group, He-Ne laser irradiation group and CO2 laser irradiation group. The fracture areas of the animals in the He-Ne and CO2 laser irradiation groups were respectively irradiated with 28 mW/cm2 He-Ne laser and 150 mW/cm2 CO2 laser for 10 minutes, once a day. ② The animals were killed on the 15th and 35th days after taking roentgenogram respectively. At 15 days, the collagen and calcium contents in callus were detected. At 35 days, the biomechanic anti-torsion strength was examined.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Results of roentgenogram in each group; ② Collagen and calcium contents in callus; ③ Results of biomechanic anti-torsion strength.RESULTS: Totally 45 rabbits were involved in the analysis of results. ① On the 15th and day after fracture, the roentgenogram, collagen and calcium contents in callus in the He-Ne and CO2 laser irradiation groups were better than those in the control group, and the collagen and calcium contents in callus were higher in the CO2 laser irradiation group than in the He-Ne laser irradiation group [(341.9±30.1) vs (302.1±28.7) mg/g; (197.1±19.7)vs (156.5±17.6) mg/g, P＜ 0.05]. ②On the 35th days after fracture, the biomechanic anti-torsion functions in the He-Ne and CO2 laser irradiation groups were superior to that in the control group, and there were no significant difference between the two laser irradiation groups. ③ The results of roentgenogram in the He-Ne and CO2 laser irradiation groups were better than that in the control group both on the 15th and 35th days after fracture, and there was no significant difference between the two irradiation groups.CONCLUSION: Both CO2 laser and He-Ne laser irradiations can accelerate the process of fracture healing, and the curative effect of CO2 laser is better than that of He-Ne laser on the 15th day after fracture, but there is no significant difference clinically between the CO2 laser and the He-Ne laser irradiations on the 35th day after fracture.

Aim To study the chemical constituents of Cypripedium tibeticum. Methods Compounds were isolated by repeated silica gel chromatography and purified on Sephadex LH-20 and structures were determined by spectral analysis. Results Cypritibetquinones A and B were isolated from the ethyl acetate residue and their structures were determined as 7-hydroxy-2-methoxy-1, 4-phenanthraquinone ( 1 ) and 7-hydroxy-2,10-dimethoxy-1,4-phenanthraquinone ( 2 ), respectively, by extensive spectral analyses. Conclusion Cypritibetquinones A and B are two new phenanthraquinones.

This study is to investigate the effect of baicalin (BL) against oxidative injury stress of SH-SY5Y cells induced by H2O2 and the possible mechanism. SH-SY5Y cells were pre-incubated with baicalin (25, 50, and 100 micromol x L(-1)) for 12 h prior to exposure to H2O2 (150 micromol x L(-1)) for 24 h. The viability of SH-SY5Y cells was measured by MTT assay. The contents of LDH and NO were determined. The percentage of apoptotic cells was assessed by flow cytometry (FCM). The content of Caspase-3 was tested by immunofluorescence histochemical method. BL at 50 and 100 micromol x L(-1) separately increased the cell viability and up-regulated SIRT1, reduced the contents of LDH, NO, Caspase-3 and the apoptotic percentage of SH-SY5Y cells. This study results suggest that baicalin could inhibit the H2O2-induced neuronal apoptosis. The further mechanism studies show that baicalin inhibit apoptosis via reducing Caspase-3 expression and up-regulating SIRT1.