AIM:To observe the effects of fasudil on inflammatory reaction in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats.METHODS:Focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model in rats was made by transient occlusion of middle cerebral artery for 1.5 h followed by 24 h reperfusion.Fasudil was injected intraperitoneally before operation and 12 h after operation.The neurological function was scored and the infarct volume was measured after operation.The water content of brain was measured with dry-wet weight;The myeloperoxidase(MPO)activity was determined by spectrophotometer;The permeability of the blood brain barrier was evaluated by measurement of the Evans Blue(EB)content in the brain with spectrophotometer;The brain content of IL-8 was evaluated with ELISA;The level of NF-?B p65 mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR;The expressions of ICAM-1,VCAM-1 and NF-?B p65 protein were observed by immunohistochemistry;The MCP-1 and the expression of NF-?B p65 protein in the nuclear extracts were detected by western blotting.RESULTS:Fasudil improved the neurological function,decreased the infarct size,reduced the permeability of blood brain barrier and brain water content,inhibited the MPO activity,decreased the content of IL-8 and the protein expressions of ICAM-1,VCAM-1 and MCP-1 in brain tissue,inhibited the expressions of NF-?B p65 mRNA and protein and reduced the content of NF-?B p65 protein in the nuclear extracts significantly(P

Objective To investigate the correlation of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD)and the preoperative he-moglobin (HbA1c)in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods 82 patients with T2DM who were underwent non-cardiac surgery were included in this study,group A had 37 patients with POCD after surgery,group B had 45 patients with non POCD,the patients in two groups used the same anesthesia method,compared the general data and pre-operative HbA1c,fasting blood glucose levels of two groups,compared the incidence of POCD in patients with HbA1c in dif-ferent levels.Results There was no significant difference in gender composition,age,body mass index,preoperative MMSE score,hypertension rate,operation time and bleeding volume in operation,and there was no significant difference in fasting blood glucose of patients in two groups.Fasting blood-glucose (FBG)of two groups were 7.1±2.6 and 6.7±1.8 mmol/L (t=0.821,P=0.424),it was no significant difference;HbA1c of two groups were (7.2±1.3)% and (6.3±1.0)%,the group A was higher than the group B (t=3.543,P=0.001),there was significant difference.The incidence rate of POCD of the group AH was 58.1%(25/43),while the group AL was 30.8% (12/39),the group AH was higher the group AL(χ2=5.131,P=0.024),there was significant difference.Conclusion Preoperative determination of HbA1c in elderly patients with T2DM after surgery has forecast values for the occurrence of POCD,to control HbA1c in the low level can reduce the occurrence of POCD in elderly patients with T2DM.

In this paper the basic feature of the participating teaching approach is elaborated,and the problems needing to be paid attention to in the process of its application and fulfillment are also discussed.

Aim To investigate the effects of fasudil on neuronal apoptosis after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion(I/R) injury in rats.Method Focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model in rats was made by transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery for 90 minutes followed by 24 h reperfusion.The number of neural apoptotic cells was measured by the method of TUNEL staining;Bcl-2,Bax,Caspase-3 protein expressions were observed by immunohistochemical staining;the expression of phospho-MYPT and phospho-Akt protein was determined by Western blot.Result Compared with the MCAO group,fasudil could decrease the number of neural apoptotic cells,upregulate the expression of Bcl-2 and phospho-Akt protein and inhibit the expression of Bax,Caspase-3 and phospho-MYPT protein significantly(P

Objective To investigate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic hepatic left lateral lobectomy. Methods Five cases of liver cancer, 4 cases of hepatic hemangioma, and 2 cases with suspected liver tumors were included in this series. Tumors were all located at left lateral lobe, with a diameter less than 10?cm. Tumors were resected by laparoscopy under a combination of pneumoperitoneum and non-pneumoperitoneum, with hand assistance through a mini-incision. Several manoeures were used for the dissection of liver tissue, including microwave coagulation, ultrasonic dissection, tainium clips clamping, rotating suction, endogia ligation. ResultThe procedure was successful in all cases with the operation time ranging from 1.5?h to 6?h, and bleeding was 50?ml to 500?ml. The hospitalization time were from 5?d to 15?d. ConclusionLaparoscopic liver resection is safe and feasible for the left liver lateral lobe tumor when the diameter is less than 10?cm, and not involving surrounding organs.

Objective To explore baccalaureate nursing students' perception of caring, so as to provide evidence for promoting their caring behaviors. Methods Phenomenology was the chosen methodology, 11 baccalaureate nursing students were interviewed in depth. Results Themes of caring were formed into four categories: caring behavior was reciprocal; the motives of caring included fear, concern, responsibility and obligation; knowledge, technical competency and professional helping relationship constituted caring; the confusions of caring came from many factors in clinical practice. Conclusions Baccalaureate nursing students can understand the connotation of caring accurately. To encourage their caring behaviors,clinical supervisors and managers should take all kinds of measures to maintain their faith in caring.

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) is a DNA surrogate in which the phosphate deoxyribose backbone of DNA is replaced by repeating N-(2-aminoethyl)glycine units. PNA can hybridize to the complementary DNA and RNA with higher affinity than their oligonucleotide counterparts. This character of PNA not only makes it a new tool for the studies of molecular biology but also the potential candidate for gene-targeting drugs. The non-ionic backbone of PNA leads to stable hybrids with the nucleic acids, but at the same time, the neutral backbone results in poor cellular uptake. To address this problem, studies on modified PNA progress rapidly in recent years. We reviewed literature reports combined with our study about the delivery methods, including backbone modified PNA and PNA-ligand conjugates, and the cellular uptake of modified PNA. In addition, we summarized the problems and future prospect of the cellular delivery of modified PNA.
DNA, Complementary ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Glycine ; analogs & derivatives ; Humans ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotides ; Peptide Nucleic Acids ; chemistry ; RNA

Objective To investigate the pharmacodynamics of remifentanil required to prevent laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion response in patients anesthetized with propofol by TCI. Methods Thirty-six ASA Ⅰor Ⅱ patients aged 18-59 yr with body mass index ＜ 30 kg/m2 undergoing elective breast operation were enrolled in the study. Propofol was administered by TCI at an effect-site concentration of 4.0 μg/ml. When the patients lost conciousness, TCI of remifentanil was started. The initial target plasma concentration of remifentanil was set at 2.9 ng/ml, and the ratio of two consecutive effect-site concentrations was 1.2. LMA was inserted at 3 min after the target effect-site concentration and the plasma concentration achieved the balance. Criteria of successful insertion were defined as Muzi score≤2 and the increase in MAP and HR≤ 15% of the baseline values within 3 min after insertion. EC50 was determined by modified Dixon's up-and-down sequential trial and the 95 % confidence interval was calculated. Results The EC50 of remifentanil was 2.75 ng/ml. The 95% confidence interval was 2.51-3.01 ng/ml. Conclusion The EC50 of remifentanil for suppression of cardiovascular response to LMA insertion is 2.75 ng/ml in patients anesthetized with propofol by TCI.

OBJECTIVE　To develop a method for the determination of theophylline in serum with concomitant use of ofloxacin.METHODS　Theophylline was serum was extracted with chloroform-hexane(7∶3,v/v) after some ammonium sulfate was added.It was re-extracted with NaOH solution (0.1 mol*L-1)and detected with a UV spectrophotometer at 275 nm and 299.5 nm respeitively.RESULTS　The method was linear over the range of 5.0～40.0 mg*L-1(r=0.9997,n=7).The average recovery of methodology was 100.3%(RSD=1.2%),and the extraction recovery from serum was 87.7%(RSD=4.6%).CONCLUSION　This practical method for the determination of serum theophylline can eliminate the interference of ofloxacin and other antibiotics.

BACKGROUND: Researches indicate that inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) plays an important role in relieving destruction of blood brain barrier and protecting vascular endothelium and brain tissue in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of Shuigou (DU26), Neiguan (PC6)and Zusanli (ST36) on the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase messenger ribonucleic acid (iNOS mRNA) in hippocampus of the rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian and Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University.METHODS: The experiment was completed at the Experimental Animal Center in Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Threegrade Acupuncture Immunological Laboratory of Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian and Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University from December 2003 to December 2004. Totally 40 SD rats were randomly divided as normal group, sham operation group, model group and electroacupuncture group with 10 in each group. The hypertension model rats were induced with bi-kidney-bi-clip method, then the focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion rat model was induced by reversible occlusion for a middle cerebral artery with a thread on the stroke prone renovascular hypertensive model rat. While the rats in sham operation group were operated without thread insertion. Shuigou (Du 26), bilateral Neiguan(PC 6) and bilateral Housanli (Zusanli, ST 36) were located according to"Atlas of Experimental Animal Acupoints" made by Hua's. Shuigou (Du26): 1 mm below nasal apex right on the Labium leporinum, be punctured 1 mm obliquely upward; Neiguan (PC 6): at the lateral palm of the forearm3 mm above wrist joint, between ulna and radius, be punctured 1 mm perpendicularly; Housanli (Zusanli, ST 36): under knee joint, 5 mm below the capitulum of fibula, be punctured 7 mm perpendicularly. The skin of Shuigou (Du 26) and the root of right ear, Neiguan (PC 6) and Housanli (Zusanli, ST 36) were connected with electroacupuncture Therapeutic Instrument G6805 with the parameters of continuous wave, 120 times/minute in frequency, 1 mA in intensity for 30 minutes. The treatment was applied once immediately after ischemia operation and again 12 hours after reperfusion. Being killed on 24 hours after reperfusion, the hippocampus of the rats were rapidly picked out. The effect of electroacupuncture on the expression of iNOS mRNA in hippocampus of the rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion was detected with fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (FQ-RT-PCR).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expression of iNOS mRNA in hippocampus.RESULTS: All 40 SD rats entered the final analysis. Expression of iNOS mRNA in hippocampus: [1] That in model group was significant higher than that in electroacupuncture group {[(4.85±1.29) ×1 000, (3.19±1.38) ×1 000] copy, (t=2.77, P ＜ 0.05)}; [2] That in model group was significant higher than that in sham operation group {[(4.85±1.29) ×1 000, (4.93±2.17)×10] copy, (t=97.38, P ＜ 0.01)}; [3] That in model group was significant higher than that in normal group {[(4.85±1.29) ×1 000, (3.13±1.68) ×10]copy, (t=11.81, P ＜ 0.01)}.CONCLUSION: Electroacupuncture may significantly inhibit the expression of iNOS mRNA in hippocampus and reduce the synthesis of NO to relieve the cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.