Objective To determine the maintenance and loss of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome during the clonal expansion of the EBV-infected epithelial cells. Methods The epithelial tumor cell line, 293-EBV, in which the EBV genome was observed with green fluorescent protein (GFP) readout. After a dozen of passages, it contained cells with strong or weak GFP expression, and some with complete loss of EBV genome. The cell growth was then continuously observed under a confocal microscope. The cell dividing and GFP expression were also observed during the clonal expansion by being made into very low density. Results The cells moved around due to adherence and mobility, while the GFP expression remained unchanged in the undivided cells. The cells could form compact or loosen clones. The EBV genome easily persisted in those clones when cells were growing compactly. As the cell number increased, the GFP expression became weak or even died away at the sites of low density in the loosen clones. Conclusion EBV-positive epithelial cells are able to sustain the EBV genome during its clonal expansion. The cells maintain EBV genomes by passing them to the daughter cells after replication. When the cells unsuccessfully inherit the EBV genome, the daughter cells may lose them which is related to the low cell density as well as the epithelial environment.

Objective To investigate the approaches for diagnosis and treatment of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(ICC)and asgess its prognosis factors.Methods The clinical data of 86 patients with ICC in our hospital from January 1995 to December2005 were retrospeetively analyzed.All patients were divided into two groups according to the treatment method,including hepatectomy and lymphatic clearance group(Group A,n=42)and hepateetomy group(Group B,n=44),and their clinicopathological variables were analyzed.Resuits The 1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were 77.81%and 35.21%,20.93%and 19.82%,2.31%and 0%respectively between group A and group B.There was significantly difference between these two groups(P＜0.01).The analysis showed that resection and lymphatic clearance were correlated to prognosis.The 1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were 59.21%,26.21%,and 20.11% respectively in 47 patients who were found no lymph node metastasis,and the 1-,3-and 5-year survival rates were 19.82%,2.31%and 0% respectively in 39 patients who were found lymph node metastasis.There was significantly difference in survival rate between group A and group B(P＜0.01).Condusions Reseetability and lymphatic clearance are two significant factors correlated to survival of the patients with ICC.Aggresgive treatment of lymph node metastasis in hepatoduodenal ligament is an important strategy to improve survival rates and strengthen patient's life quality.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from multiple medical institutions across Hebei Province in 2015.Methods The bacterial data were collected from 53 member hospitals of Hebei Antimicrobial Resistance Investigation Net (HEBARIN) according to the unified surveillance program in Hebei province.WHONET 5.6 was used to review,analyze and summarize the surveillance data.The results were interpreted according to CLSI guideline 2014.Results A total of 2 408 strains of S.pneumoniae were included in this analysis.S.pneumoniae was the third most frequently isolated gram positive bacteria.More than 95％ of these S.pneumoniae strains were susceptible to vancomycin and moxifloxacin.However,96.4％,89.3％ and 67.4％ of these strains were resistant to erythromycin,clindamycin,and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,respectively.The antimicrobial susceptibility profile was similar between the strains isolated from adults and those isolates from children.Conclusions The antimicrobial resistance profile ofS.pneumoniae isolates in Hebei Province is generally consistent with the nation-wide data,except higher resistance level to a few antimicrobial agents.We should be alert to and control the emergence of resistant S.pneumoniae.

BACKGROUNDEvidence shows that ezrin plays an important role in the development of some human malignancies. But the mechanism by which ezrin may affect tumor cell invasion and metastasis remains unclear.

METHODSIn this study, the expression of ezrin was verified in osteosarcoma (OS) cells and tissues by comparison with normal bone cells and tissues using Western blotting. OS-MG63 were transfected with pcDNA3.1-ezrin or pGenesil-1/shRNA-ezrin and the stably transfected cells were selected with G418 to yield the ezrin cell line. The OS-MG63 tumor cells were delivered by tail vein to female BALB/c to develop pulmonary metastasis model in vivo. Ezrin was identified as a direct target of miR-183 via a luciferase reporter carrying the 3'-untranslated region of ezrin. Migration assays and invasion assays were done with the transwells. Signaling pathway was studied by Western blotting and/or inhibitor.

RESULTSEctopic overexpression of ezrin in OS cell line MG63 promoted tumor cell invasion and migration. Consistent with this, knockdown of ezrin inhibited tumor cell invasion and migration. Similar results were obtained in the experimental metastasis model in vivo. We identified ezrin as a direct target of miR-183. What is more, ectopic expression of ezrin could induce the expression of N-cadherin and enhance the activity of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling.

CONCLUSIONCollectively, these results suggest that ezrin as a direct target of miR-183 promotes the aggressiveness of OS via increased N-cadherin and activating ERK signaling.

Animals ; Bone Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cadherins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; drug effects ; genetics ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Mice ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; genetics ; Osteosarcoma ; metabolism ; pathology

BACKGROUNDTumor cells can reduce the number of dendritic cells (DCs) in the tumor environment and cause DC dysfunction through autocrine or paracrine pathways. We sought to measure cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression in bombesin-inhibited DCs treated with theanine in vitro and to explore the protection and activation effects of theanine on DCs.

METHODSEnzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blotting were used to analyze the effects of theanine on COX-2 expression and interleukin (IL)-12/IL-10 secretion of bombesin-treated DCs.

RESULTSDCs acquired an impaired phenotype as a result of bombesin treatment. Theanine increased the expression of mature DC surface molecules. The number of cell apoptosis with the treatment of bombesin and theanine significantly decreased, accounting for 15.9%, compared with 26.1% of cell apoptosis with bombesin. COX-2 expression in bombesin-treated DCs was inhibited by theanine in a dose-dependent manner. Theanine promoted DC secretion of IL-12. IL-12 levels reached (137.4 ± 4.9) pg/ml with theanine at 200 µmol/L. However, theanine inhibited the secretion of IL-10 in a dose-dependent manner. IL-10 levels were only (58.4 ± 6.9) pg/ml with theanine at 200 µmol/L.

CONCLUSIONTheanine inhibits the transcription and translation of COX-2 and regulates the balance of IL-10/IL-12 secretion in bombesin-inhibited DCs, leading to the recovery of a state of activation in DCs.

Bombesin ; pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Dendritic Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Glutamates ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-12 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVES: Rhinoplasty is one of the most common cosmetic surgeries in China. Septal extension grafts (SEG) have been widely used in rhinoplasty, but there are few reports on SEG derived from ear cartilage. This study aims to explore the effectiveness and stability of auricular cartilage nasal SEG transplantation in Chinese rhinoplasty. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 35 rhinoplasty patients admitted from September 2019 to March 2022 has been conducted. Among them, 29 patients underwent rhinoplasty for the first time and 6 patients underwent rhinoplasty with the age of 18-32 (average 22.4) years old. The postoperative follow-up was 3-28 (average 18.5) months. The improvement of the nose shape was observed. The changes of the nose tip angle, nasolabial angle, and nasofrontal angle were compared between before and after the operation, and the complications were recorded. RESULTS: All patients who underwent rhinoplasty with a septal extension grafts constructed from the concha cavity and concha cartilage showed significant improvement in nasal contour. The preoperative nasal tip angle, nasolabial angle, and nasofrontal angle were significantly improved compared with 3 months after operation (all P<0.001), and there was no significant difference between 3 months and 14 months after operation (all P>0.05). The appearance of nasal cavity was satisfactory in 32 patients after operation. Columella deviation occurred in 2 patients and 1 patient complained of downward rotation of the nasal tip, which was satisfied after readjustment of the graft. CONCLUSIONS The simplified SEG derived from auricular cartilage can provide stable support for the nasal tip, the nasal shape is natural after operation, and minimal trauma of unilateral auricle cartilage transplantation remains.
Humans ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Rhinoplasty ; Ear Cartilage/transplantation* ; Retrospective Studies ; Nasal Septum/transplantation* ; Plastic Surgery Procedures

Objective:To explore the diagnosis, surgical methods and therapeutic effect of primary duodenal malignant tumor.Methods:The clinical data of 116 patients with primary duodenal malignant tumor from January 2010 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among 116 patients, adenocarcinoma was in 74 cases, interstitial tumor was in 25 cases, carcinoid was in 9 cases, the others was in 8 cases. Before operation, duodenoscopy was performed in 107 cases, and CT examination was performed in 76 cases. There were 57 cases of pancreaticoduodenectomy, 15 cases of duodenal segmental resection, 13 cases of subtotal gastrectomy and duodenal bulbar resection, 13 cases of duodenal partial resection, and 18 cases of palliative short circuit operation. The total incidence of postoperative complication was 31.9% (37/116), including pancreatic fistula in 8 cases (grade B 5 cases, grade C 3 cases), biliary fistula in 6 cases, abdominal infection in 5 cases, pulmonary infection in 4 cases, intestinal fistula in 3 cases, delayed gastric emptying in 3 cases, and hemorrhage in 8 cases. Four cases (3.4%) died during the perioperative period. Single factor Cox regression analysis result showed that the postoperative survival time was related to the tumor differentiation degree, operation method, tumor infiltration degree and lymphatic metastasis ( P<0.05 or <0.01); multi-factor Cox regression analysis results showed that the operation method, tumor infiltration degree and lymphatic metastasis were the independent risk factors for the postoperative survival time of patients with primary duodenal malignant tumor ( P<0.05). The patients were followed up until June 2021, and 9 cases were lost to follow-up. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis result showed that the postoperative overall 1-,3- and 5-year survival rates were 82.11%, 57.56% and 33.11%, respectively. Conclusions:Adenocarcinoma is the main primary malignant tumor of duodenum. Duodenoscopy and CT are the main examination methods. Radical resection is the most effective treatment for primary duodenal malignant tumor, and pancreaticoduodenectomy is the first choice. Surgical method, tumor infiltration degree and lymphatic metastasis are the independent risk factors affecting the prognosis of patients.