By investigating the perspectives of medical scholars, experts, personnel and students, this paper makes an investigation on the present cognition of medical ethics education in the medical department. By studying and comparing the respective opinions of medical teachers and students on the current medical ethics education, analysis on the application of medical ethics in clinical practice and medical research, and cognitive characteristics of the ethical expectation on medical treatment from the general public have been carried out, pointing out some specific problems affecting the actual effect in current medical and ethics education on teachers' and students' sides, and bringing forward some suggestions.

Objective To investigate the pathogenesis ,d iagnosis and treatment of traumatic pseudoaneurysmal-ureteral fistula. Methods A 49-year-old male patient with traumatic iliac pseu doaneurysmal-ureteral fistula was reported.The patient presented with recurrent massive hematuria,and then was diagnosed by DSA and ureteroscopy.By reviewing t he published literature on arterio-ureteral fistula, we analyzed and discussed the patient’s clinical data. Results The patient was cu red by endovascular management.The procedure was as follows.First,the right exte rnal iliac artery was dilated with balloon;then the right internal iliac artery was embolized;finally,a covered stent was placed into the right external iliac a rtery.During 18-month follow-up,no hematuria recurred. Conclusions Traumatic pseudoaneurysmal -ureteral fistula is clinically rare.Th e main symptom is massive hematuria.DSA and ureteroscopy are important means for diagnosis of the disease.Endovascular therapy with covered stents is a safe,eff icacious method for the treatment of the disease.

Objective To investigate the influence of d iagnostic needle biopsy (prior to MRI) on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) s taging of prostate cancer. Methods Ten patients suspicio us of prostate cancer were enrolled in this study.MRI was performed both prior t o transrectal sextant biopsy and a week after biopsy.The MRI staging of prostate cancer before and after biopsy was compared. Results Al l the 10 patients were classified as stage B before biopsy,while 9 of the 10,wer e classified as stage C 6～8 days (mean,7 days) after biopsy.The post-biopsy MR I staging was higher than that of pre-biopsy because of bleeding due to biopsy. Conclusions When MRI examination was performed within o ne week after needle biopsy,the MRI staging of prostate cancer would be influenc ed because of bleeding due to biopsy.Our data suggested that MRI should be perfo rmed prior to needle biopsy in suspicious cases of prostate cancer.

Objective To explore the distributions of C AG polymorphisms of androgen receptor gene in Chinese population and the relatio nship with prostate cancer (CaP). Methods The number of CAG repeats were measured in 105 cases with CaP and 190 matched case-control b y PCR、DHPLC and Sequencing analysis,and its association with the susceptibility to CaP. Results The average number of CAG repeats was 2 2.7 in CaP and 23.3 in control group ( P =0.22).Men with CAG repeats lengt h less than 22 may be in high risk of prostate cancer (odds ratio,2.39;95%CI 1.1 9～4.81, P =0.012),compared with men CAG repeats length of 22 or more. Conclusions A less CAG repeat length (

Objective To analyze the efficacy and safety of same-session bilateral and staged unilateral flexible ureteroscopic lithotripsy ( FURL) with holmium laser for the treatment of upper urinary system stones . Methods Clinical data of 29 patients who underwent same-session bilateral FURL ( same-session group ) and 20 patients who received staged unilateral FURL ( staged group ) from September 2012 to May 2015 at this hospital were analyzed retrospectively .The overall operation time ,overall hospital stay , stone free rate (SFR) and overall complication rate were compared between the two groups . Results The operations were successfully completed in both groups.The overall operative time was significantly longer for staged unilateral FURL than bilateral FURL [(71.0 ± 19.0) min vs.(112.6 ±26.8) min, t=-6.366, P=0.000].The overall hospital stay was slightly longer for staged unilateral FURL than bilateral FURL [(6.9 ±3.6) d vs.(8.4 ±2.1 ) d, t=-1.674, P=0.101].The four-week postoperative SFR for bilateral FURL and staged unilateral FURL were 79.3%(23/29) and 80.0%(16/20), respectively (χ2 =0.000, P=1.000).The overall complication rate was slightly higher for bilateral FURL [20.7% (6/29) vs.15.0% (3/20), χ2 =0.017, P=0.896]. Conclusion Same-session bilateral flexible ureteroscopic holmium laser lithotripsy is a safe and effective treatment for bilateral upper urinary system stones in select patients .

Objective To observe the effects of different concertrations of calcifying nanoparticles (CNP) on growth and proliferation of human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2),and to explore the effects of autophagy of human renal tubular epithelial cells induced by CNP. MethodsNormal growth HK-2 cells were cultured in vitro and the culture medium was changed to serum-free medium after cell growth to confluence,CNP with different concentrations were then added and the cell proliferation inhibition was measured by MTT assay after 12,24,48 and 72 h co-incubation.EGFP-LC3 express plasmid was transfected into HK-2 cells,CNP with certain concentration was then added after 24h incubation.The formation of autophagosomes and their adherence to cells were observed by electron microscopy,and EGFP-LC3 staining was used to detect the formation of autophagosome by flourescence microscopy after 3,6,24 and 48 h co-incubation. ResultsCNP presented a concentration-dependent cell proliferation inhibition on HK-2 cells,the inhibitory ratio in cell proliferation was 14.5 ％ after 48 h co-incubation when CNP density was 0.05 mg/ml,and the inhibitory ratio was 21.5％ after 72 h co-incubation when CNP density was 0.1 mg/ml.Autophagosome formation and CNP adherence to cell surface could be observed by electron microscopy 6 h after CNP was added to the DMEM medium.The LC3-positive dots were observed in HK-2 cells incubated with CNP.Conclusions Autophagy of HK-2 could be activated by co-incubation with CNP,which may play an important role in the formation of nephrolithiasis.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of application of F 16 single-tract minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy ( MPCNL) combined with flexible ureteroscopy for the treatment of complex renal staghorn calculi . Methods From May 2009 to September 2012, 35 patients with complex renal staghorn calculi were treated by F 16 single-tract MPCNL combined with flexible ureteroscopy in this hospital .All the patients underwent MPCNL at the first-stage, and 5-7 days afterwards a second-stage operation was performed by using flexible ureteroscopy .The fragments of stones were removed from the MPCNL tract .For patients diagnosed as having residual stones , a third-stage reoperation of MPCNL combined with flexible ureteroscopy was given . Results Twenty-one patients were stone-free after the second-stage operation , 12 patients were stone-free after the third-stage operation , and the remaining 2 patients with residual stones were given drug administration for stone removal and were clarified as stone -free within 1 month of follow-up.No serious intraoperative or postoperative complications such as hemorrhage or infectious shock occurred .Follow-up reviews for 3 -6 months in the 35 patients found no residual stones or recurrence . Conclusion F16 single-tract MPCNL combined with flexible ureteroscopy is an effect and safe procedure for complex renal staghorn calculi .

Objective: To establish a method for determination of methone and pulegone in Herba Schizonepetae. Methods: The contents of menthone and pulegone were determined by GC (equipped with FID) with HP-5 fused capillary column (5% phenyl methyl siloxane 30m?0.32mm?0.25?m) after the samples were extracted by the solvents. Results: The linear ranges were 0.002-5.0g/L (r=0.9999) for menthone and 0.002-5.0g/L (r=0.9996) for pulegone, the recoveries of menthone and pulygone were 96.30%-103.9% and 95.7%-102.5%, respectively. Conclusion: The method was simple and accurate, which could be applied to the determination of menthone and pulegone in Herba Schizonepetae.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the infection and drug resistance of Staphylococcus spp from hospitalized cases in Suzhou area.METHODS The data from hospitalized cases of 32 hospitals in Suzhou(from 2004 to 2007) were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS From 2004 to 2007,17 668 cases of nosocomial infection were collected from 32 hospitals in Suzhou area.The infection rate of Staphylococcus aureus was 5.78%,7.11%,8.39% and 7.50%,respectively;the number of meticillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA) infection cases was 66(34.74%),107(33.86%),138(37.00%) and 219(53.16%) respectively and the total number was 530(41.05%).The nosocomial infection caused by S.epidermidis accounted for 5.99%,5.47%,5.35% and 5.25%,respectively from 2004 to 2007.The number of meticillin-resistant S.epidermidis(MRSE) infection cases were 118(59.90%),128(52.67%),119(50.00%) and 134(46.53%) and the total number was 499(51.66%).The main infection site of S.aureus and S.epidermidis was respiratory tract(74.28% and 71.81%,respectively).Antibiotic resistance strains of S.aureus and S.epidermidis was on rising,and most of them were multi-drug resistance strains.All of the strains were sensitive to vancomycin.CONCLUSIONS In Suzhou area,nosocomial infection and drug resistance of Staphylococcus is on the rise.Evevy hospital must take effective measures to control nosocomial infections of Staphylococcus and drug resistance.

60?Gy is able to effect a good loco-regional control as well as a good result.