Objective To compare the stray-light effects caused by different parts of optic edge of 7 intraocular lens(IOL)edge designs.Methods Monochromatic laser beam was used to illuminate the upper edge and complex of three-piece and single-piece IOLs at several angles of incidence.Light images produced in the retinal plane were photographed with a digital camera.The differences in the light images were compared between three-piece and single-piece IOLs.Results There were differences in light images between 2 groups,which may be due to different shapes of edge design when the upper edge of IOL was illuminated.Three-piece IOL exhibited line images or dense patch,which differed with single-piece IOL when the complex of IOL was illuminated.Conclusion Both edge shape and irregular structure in three-piece IOL complex may be important factors for postoperative glare in pseudophakic patients.

Objective To compare the effects of three kinds of fixative solutions on paraffin section of mouse lens tissue and optimize the fixing?method of paraffin section in mouse lens tissue. Methods Three kinds of conventional fixatives were selected for the test ,including the conven?tional Davison’s solution,modified Davison’s solution and 10%neutral buffered formalin. Mice eyeball tissues were fixed with three different fixa?tives,embedded,sliced and then stained with HE method. The paraffin slices were observed under the light microscope. Results The structures of lens and retina fixed in conventional Davison ’s fixative solutions were clear and intact ,and the cells were arranged regularly and compactly. There was no eyeball distortion,contraction and retinal detachment in the eyeballs fixed in modified and conventional Davison’s fixative solution. However,the ones fixed in 10%neutral buffered formalin showed eyeball distortion and contraction,space and spherules. Conclusion The mice lens slides made from tissues fixed by conventional Davison ’s fixative solution are better than fixed by modified Davison ’s fixative solution and the 10%neutral buffered formalin fixed ones.

Objective To explore the expression of microRNA in Eaf2 knockout mice and the effect of Eaf2 on the apoptosis of human lens epithe?lial cells and the expression of microRNA in lens. Methods pEGFP?C1?Eaf2 was transfected into SRA01/04 cells using Lipofectamine 2000 to over express Eaf2 gene,and then the flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis rate. And real time q?PCR was used to measure the expression of microRNA both in human lens epithelial cells and Eaf2 knockout mice. Results Compared with controls,the apoptosis rate of cells transfected with pEGFP?C1?Eaf2 was reduced,the expression of miR?125b and let?7a was significantly increased and miR?204 was decreased in cells transfect?ed with pEGFP?C1?Eaf2. Compared with controls,the expression of miR?125b and let?7a was lower and miR?204 was higher in Eaf2 knockout mice. Each result was statistically significant(P<0.01). Conclusion Eaf2 might inhibit apoptosis of human lens epithelial cells via regulating the expression of microRNA. Eaf2 may have a protective effect for the lens in the genesis of cataract.

Background Ultraviolet B (UVB) is one of the main causes of cataract formation,and its mechanism is associated with the apoptosis of lens epithelial cells (LECs).MiroRNA-133b (miR-133b) can regulate oxidative stress-induced LECs apoptosis.However,whether miR-133b is associated with UVB-induced cataract is not elucidated.Objective This study was to observe the inhibitory effects of miR-133b on UVB-induced cataract and its regulating mechanism.Methods Twenty 8-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomized into cataract model group and normal control group.The mouse eyes in the cataract model group exposed to 302 nm UVB for 5 minutes once per day for consecutive 1 week,with the irradiation intensity of 300 W/cm2,and the mice in the normal control group did not receive any intervention.Five mice in each group were sacrificed and 10 eyeball sections were prepared.Human LECs (SRA01/04) were exposed to UVB for 25 minutes and served as UVB-induced group,the cells in the normal control group did not receive any intervention.The UVB-induced cells were inoculated to 96-well plate and divided into 4 groups,and 50 nmol/L miR-133b mimic,miR-133b mimic control agent,miR-133b inhibitor and miR-133b inhibitor control agent were transfected into the cells with lipofectamine2000.The expression of miR-133b mRNA and a target gene BCL2L2,which was identified by online miRNA database (www.mirab.org) in the cells were detected by real-time quantitative PCR to evaluate the transfected efficacy,and the apoptosis of the cells in mouse lens tissue and different transfected groups were assayed by TUNEL.The use and care of the mice followed ARVO Statement.Results The arrangement of LECs was regular and no apoptotic cell was seen in the normal control group,and the apoptotic cells showed the red fluorescence in the cataract model group.The apoptotic rate of human LECs was (43.90±9.30) ％ in the UVB-induced group,and that in the normal control group was (1.08±0.49)％,showing a significant difference between the two groups (t =-7.963,P =0.015).The relative expression levels of miR-133b mRNA in the model mouse lens and UVB-induced human LECs were evidently lower and relative expression levels of BCL2L2 mRNA were higher than those in normal mice and normal LECs (miR-133b mRNA:t =-2.958,P =0.042;t =-6.195,P =0.003;BCL2L2 mRNA:t =3.761,P =0.020;t =12.437,P =0.000).The relative expression level of miR-133b mRNA was significantly increased and the relative expression level of BCL2L2 mRNA was reduced in the miR-133b mimic group in comparation with the miR-133b mimic control group (t=10.883,-5 927.617;both at P＜ 0.01);compared with the miR-133b inhibitor control group,the relative expression level of miR-133b mRNA was significantly decreased and that of BCL2L2 mRNA was evidently increased in the miR-133b inhibitor group (t =-1 606.622,17.556;both at P ＜ 0.01).The apoptotic rate of human LECs was (43.62 ± 9.19) ％ and (17.55 ± 4.24) ％ in the miR-133b mimic control group and miR-133b mimic group,with a significant difference between them (t =-4.462,P =0.011),and the apoptotic rate in the miR-133b inhibitor group was (78.23 ± 12.42) ％,which was significantly higher than (48.01 ±9.68) ％ in the miR-133b inhibitor control group (t =3.324,P =0.029).Conclusions miR-133b can prevent UVB-induced cataract probably by negatively targeting the BCL2L2 expression to regulate the apoptosis of LECs.

Since 2016, enrollment of students for optometry & ophthalmology specialty of five-year program has expanded in China, and China Medical university has become the pioneer to recruit students to this major in Northeast China. With reference to our national situation, this paper focuses on how to help students form good professional ethics, gain professional knowledge, professional skills and scientific research ability, so as to enable them not only grasp basic theories and skills of clinical medicine, but also be skilled at optometry & ophthalmology; the construction of systematic curriculum of optometry & ophthalmology should be actively explored with the aim of comprehensive medical education as the foundation, systematic education of optometry & ophthalmology as its unique feature and education of humanistic medicine as the concept". Therefore, we innovatively put forward a teaching model of "basic-core of clinical medicine-professional direction and characteristic development courses", thus to provide a reference for training applied and compound Optometrists and ophthalmologists who are urgently in need at present in China.

Objective:To establish an in vitro capsular bag model and compare the inhibitory effects of different 360° square-edge intraocular lens (IOL) on lens epithelial cells (LECs) migration. Methods:In vitro capsular bag model with posterior capsule opacification (PCO) was established using Transwell compartment, cell climbing slices, human collagen type Ⅳ, and IOL.The models were divided into Plate-loop HydroSmart group, C-loop HydroSmart group, and C-compensation-loop Hydrophobic group according to the different square-edge IOL implanted.A blank control group was set using the Transwell compartment without IOL.The early PCO pathological manifestations in lens epithelial cell line SRA01/04 cultured in the Transwell compartment were observed with an inverted microscope.The cell morphology in different groups was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining.The cell counting and cell migration inhibition rate of anterior capsule and posterior capsule were calculated by Transwell assay and cell-exclusion zone assay, respectively. Results:The early pathological characteristics of PCO, such as early Soemmering ring and small Elschnig pearl, could be found in cells in the in vitro capsular bag model after 48-hour culture.The migrating cells in model groups were fibrous.No changes mentioned above were found in blank control group.The number of migrating cells in the anterior capsule of Plate-loop HydroSmart group, C-loop HydroSmart group, C-compensation-loop Hydrophobic group was 18.80±5.53, 24.67±9.80, and 34.47±10.80, respectively, and the number of migrating cells in the optical area of the posterior capsule of the three groups was 56.43±9.00, 162.20±16.38, and 121.30±12.01, respectively.The cell migration inhibition rate in the anterior capsule of Plate-loop HydroSmart group, C-loop HydroSmart group, C-compensation-loop Hydrophobic group was (92.02±1.94)%, (89.76±3.10)%, (86.27±4.54)%, respectively, and the cell migration inhibition rate in optical area of the posterior capsule of the three groups was (91.60±3.65)%, (70.14±5.35)%, (78.43±3.48)%, respectively.The number of migrating cells in the anterior capsule was lower and the cell migration rate inhibition was higher in Plate-loop HydroSmart group than C-compensation-loop Hydrophobic group, with significant differences (both at P<0.05). The number of migrating cells in the optical area of the posterior capsule and the cell migration inhibition rate was greater than those of C-loop HydroSmart group and C-compensation-loop Hydrophobic group, showing statistically significant differences (all at P<0.001). Conclusions:The in vitro capsular bag model can be used in PCO research.Compared with C-loop HydroSmart IOL and C-compensation-loop Hydrophobic IOL, Plate-loop HydroSmart IOL can more effectively inhibit the migration of LECs to the optical area of the posterior capsule.