Objective To retrieve and evaluate relevant literatures on pain management for pa-tients after hemorrhoidectomy and summarize the best evidence.Methods Based on the 6S evidence model,computer-based searches were conducted in relevant domestic and foreign databases for litera-tures related to pain after hemorrhoidectomy,including guidelines,expert consensus,systematic re-views,meta-analysis,and randomized controlled trial(RCT),from the establishment of the databas-es to March 12,2023.The quality of evidence meeting the evaluation criteria was evaluated according to the corresponding literature evaluation criteria,and was summarized in combination with expert o-pinions.Results A total of 16 literatures were included(1 guideline,6 expert consensus,8 system-atic reviews,and 1 RCT);the evidence included pain identification and assessment,drug manage-ment measures,traditional Chinese medicine therapy,and perioperative health education,eventually 21 pieces of evidence were extracted.Conclusion After hemorrhoidectomy,the most effective pain management plan should be developed based on the patient's condition and clinical status to relieve postoperative pain.

Objective To retrieve and evaluate relevant literatures on pain management for pa-tients after hemorrhoidectomy and summarize the best evidence.Methods Based on the 6S evidence model,computer-based searches were conducted in relevant domestic and foreign databases for litera-tures related to pain after hemorrhoidectomy,including guidelines,expert consensus,systematic re-views,meta-analysis,and randomized controlled trial(RCT),from the establishment of the databas-es to March 12,2023.The quality of evidence meeting the evaluation criteria was evaluated according to the corresponding literature evaluation criteria,and was summarized in combination with expert o-pinions.Results A total of 16 literatures were included(1 guideline,6 expert consensus,8 system-atic reviews,and 1 RCT);the evidence included pain identification and assessment,drug manage-ment measures,traditional Chinese medicine therapy,and perioperative health education,eventually 21 pieces of evidence were extracted.Conclusion After hemorrhoidectomy,the most effective pain management plan should be developed based on the patient's condition and clinical status to relieve postoperative pain.

OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical features and surgical treatment methods of primary parapharyngeal space tumors.METHODS The clinical data of 38 patients with primary parapharyngeal space tumors who were treated in the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from June 2005 to April 2023 were retrospectively analyzed,and their clinical manifestations,imaging data,surgical methods,postoperative complications,postoperative pathological types and prognosis were analyzed.RESULTS The clinical manifestations of 38 patients were mainly pharyngeal discomfort and pharyngeal distension.CT and MRI can determine the size,location,and relationship of the tumor to surrounding tissue.The surgical methods included transcervical approach in 17 cases,transoral approach in 15 cases,transcervical-transparotid approach in 4 cases,and transcervical-transmandibular approach in 2 cases.Postoperative pathology diagnosed 28 cases(73.7%)of benign tumors and 10 cases(26.3%)of malignant tumors.After the postoperative follow-up of 2 months-17 years,there was no recurrence of benign tumor patients,and patients with malignant tumors survived well after comprehensive treatment with surgery and radiotherapy and chemotherapy.CONCLUSION Most patients with primary parapharyngeal space tumors have no specific clinical symptoms,and the types of pathologies are diverse.Choosing the appropriate surgical approach to remove the tumor is key to treatment.Neurologic deficits are the most important postoperative complication.Patients with benign tumors have good long-term effects after surgery,and patients with malignant tumors have better efficacy in the combination of surgery and chemoradiotherapy.