Objective To explore the dose-effect,time-effect and safety of alteplase in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction.Methods One hundred and ten patients with acute cerebral infarction were selected,among whom 50 patients whose time window ≤3.0 h were divided into group A and group B by random digits table method with 25 cases each,and 60 patients whose time window 3.1-4.5 h were divided into group C and group D by random digits table method with 30 cases each.The patients in group A and group C received alteplase 0.6 mg/kg (maximum dose 60 mg) intravenous thrombolysis;the patients in group B and group D received alteplase 0.9 mg/kg (maximum dose 90 mg) intravenous thrombolysis.The national institutes of health stroke scale (NIHSS) scores before treatment and 1 h,24 h,7 d,30 d and 90 d after treatment were observed in the 4 groups.The therapeutic effect,complication incidence and fatality rate were compared.The prognosis was estimated by modified Rankin scale (mRS) score 90 d after treatment.Results The NIHSS scores 1 h,24 h,7 d,30 d and 90 d after treatment were significantly lower than those before treatment in the 4 groups,and there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.05).The NIHSS score decreased significantly with time.There were no statistical differences in NIHSS score between group A and group B,group C and group D.There were no statistical differences in complication incidence and fatality rate 90 d aftcr treatment in group A and group D compared with group B and group C (P＞ 0.05).The rate of eusemia in group A was 76.00％ (19/25),in group B was 64.00％ (16/25),in group C was 43.33％ (13/30),and in group D was 53.33％ (16/30).And there were no statistical differences between group A and group B (x2 =0.620,P ＞0.05),and between group C and group D (x2 =0.069,P＞ 0.05).Conclusions The low dose alteplase is also effective and safe to acute cerebral infarction patients at time window ≤ 3 h.It is also effective and safe to acute cerebral infarction patients at time window 3.0-4.5 h at standard dose.

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a disorder of calcium metabolism, which is characterized by elevated blood calcium and PTH urine calcium, which is easy to involve multiple systems. The disease is mainly caused by a benign adenoma of parathyroid tissue, a few of which are parathyroid hyperplasia or parathyroid adenocarcinoma. As awareness of physical examination increased, the proportion of asymptomatic PHPT patients gradually increased. The disease can be cured by surgical resection of the parathyroid gland, most of which is a real good prognosis, but a few of them are complex and difficult to diagnose and treat. At present, there continue to be many controversies about the diagnosis and treatment of PHPT.This article is a review of the progress in the diagnosis and treatment of PHPT.

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Objective To detect the protective effect of sufentanil preconditioning on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats and the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase signal pathway in the mech-enism.Methods One hundred and sixty-two SD rats(in either gender,weighing 250-300 g)were ran-domly divided into seven groups:Sham-operated group (group S,n = 30 ),ischemia-reperfusion group (group IR,n =30),sufentanil preconditioning group (group SF1:1 μg/kg,n =30;group SF5:5 μg/kg,n =30;group SF10:10 μg/kg,n =30),SP600125 group (group SP,n =30),and dimethyl sulphoxide control group (group DMSO,n =6),different doses of sufentanil was administered 30 min before hepatic ischemia in group SF1,SF5 and SF10.Blood and liver samples were collected from each group at 0(T1 ),1 (T2 ),2 (T3 ),4 (T4 ),and 6 (T5 )hours after reperfusion.Serum alanine amin-otransferase (ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase (AST)were measured by an automatic biochemi-cal analyzer.Malondialdehyde (MDA)and superoxide dismutase (SOD)in liver tissue was measured. Liver sample was stained with HE to observe the hepatic pathological changes.Immunohistochemical method was used to determine the expression of JNK and western blotting was used to detect the ex-pression of P-JNK.Results Compared with group S,levels of AST,ALT increased significantly in group IR,SF1,SF5,SF10 at T1-T5 and in group SP,DMSO at T3 (P <0.05 ).Compared with group IR,levels of AST,ALT decreased significantly in group SF1,SF5,SF10 at T1-T5 and in group SP at T3 (P <0.05).Compared with group S,levels of MDA,SOD increased significantly in group IR,SF1, SF5,SF10 at T1-T5 and in group SP,DMSO at T3 (P < 0.05 ).Compared with group IR,levels of MDA,SOD decreased significantly in group SF1,SF5,SF10 at T1-T5 and in group SP at T3 (P <0.05).Compared with group SF1 and SF5,levels of MDA,SOD decreased significantly in SF10 at T4 . Compared with T1 ,the expression of p-JNK in group IR increased significantly at T3 (P < 0.05 ). Compared with group S,the expression of p-JNK in groups IR,SF1,SF5,SF10,SP,DMSO increased significantly at T3 (P < 0.05 ).Compared with group IR,the expression of p-JNK in groups SF1, SF5,SF10,SP decreased significantly and that in groups SF5,SF10 were less than that in group SF1 (P <0.05 ).The expression of p-JNK in group SF10 was less than that in group SF5 (P < 0.05 ). Conclusion Sufentanil preconditioning can reduce the hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury and the dos-age of 10 μg/kg was the most effective.The protective mechanisms may inhibit JNK pathway and re-duce the expression of JNK.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of transient blocking of both pulmonary artery and veins for surgical treat- ment of central lung cancer with stage Ⅲ to preserve the normal pulmonary.Methods Firstly,the relation of the pulmonary artery, the lung neoplasm and the enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes was investigated.If the hilum of lung remained frozen,the pericardium was opened and the pulmonary artery,the upper and lower lobe pulmonary veins were dissected.Then those three vessels were blocked.When the pulmonary cireulation was stopped,bloodless lobectomy and pulmonary artery angioplasty and/or anastomosis were performed.Then the blockers were released,and pulmonary circulation was restored.The time of blocking was(35?15)minutes (16～66 minutes).Results All 20 patients suffer from stage Ⅲ central lung cancer,which' s the hila of lung remained frozen,re- ceived complete resection of the tumor.The normal functioning pulmonary tissue in the 20 patients was preserved instead of pneumone- ctomy.The average amount of bleeding was 256 ml(180～420 ml)during operation.All 20 patients recovered well.Conclusion Transient blocking of both pttlmonary artery and veins for surgical treatment of stage Ⅲ central lung cancer is and innovation in surgical technique,which makes the operation safe and easy.This technique may provide a chance to patients,with poor cardio-pulmonary function.In addition,this technique widens the surgical indications for patients suffering from lung cancer.

Objective To evaluate the effect of dezocine on cognitive function after sevoflurane anesthesia in a rat model of physiological stress.Methods Physiological stress was induced by applying repeated foot shock stimulation and confirmed by open field test.Thirty Spragne-Dawley rats with physiological stress,weighing 180-220 g,were divided into 3 groups (n=10 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),sevoflurane group (group S) and dezocine plus sevoflurane group (group D+S).Normal saline 0.5 ml was intraperitoneally injected at 6 h of oxygen inhalation in group C.Normal saline 0.5 ml was intraperitoneally injected at 6 h of 3.0％ sevoflurane inhalation in group S.Dezocine 3 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected at 6 h of 3.0％ sevoflurane inhalation in group D+S.At 1,12,24 and 48 h after the end of intraperitoneal injection (T1-4),Morris water maze test was performed,and the time of staying at the original platform quadrant and frequency of crossing the original platform were recorded.The rats were sacrificed after the end of Morris water maze test,brains were removed and hippocampi were isolated for determination of nitric oxide synthase-1 (nNOS) expression (by Western blot) and nNOS positive cells (by immunohistochemistry).Results Compared with group C,the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was significantly shortened at T1,2,the frequency of crossing the original platform was reduced at T1,the expression of nNOS in hippocampus was down-regulated,and the number of nNOS positive cells in hippocampal CA1 region was reduced in group S (P＜0.05),and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in group D+S (P＞0.05).Compared with group S,the time of staying at the original platform quadrant was significantly prolonged at T1,the frequency of crossing the original platform was increased at T1,2,the expression of nNOS in hippocampus was up-regulated,and the number of nNOS positive cells in hippocampal CA1 region was increased in group D+S (P＜0.05).Conclusion Dezocine can improve cognitive function after sevoflurane anesthesia in a rat model of physiological stress,and the mechanism may be related to up-regulating nNOS expression in hippocampi.

Objective To investigate whether Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway mediating the neuroprotection of isoflurane post-conditioning in hippocampal neurons damage induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.Methods According to the randomized principle, 60 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (12 rats in each group):sham group (group S), model group (group M), ISO+model group (group MI), ISO+model+DKK-1 group (group MDI) and model+DKK-1 group (group MD).A rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established with 90 min ischemia followed by 24 hreperfusion.Group S was only exposed to one side of the internal carotid artery without fishing line.Isoflurane post-conditioning groups (group MI, MDI) were immediately treated with 1.5％isoflurane for 60 min at the onset of reperfusion.DKK-1 (5μg/kg) was injected intracerebroventricularly 30 min before the model established in group MDI and group MD.After reperfusion for 24 h, Longa score method was used for neurological deficit score.HE staining and Tunel fluorescence was employed to observe the morphological changes of neurons.Immunohistochemistry and Western Blot were applied to detect the expression of target protein in CA1 region.Results Compared with group S, the neurobehavioral score, the number of apoptosis and the expression of Bax and GSK-3βprotein in group M all increased (P<0.05), while the expression ofβ-catenin and Bcl-2/Bax ratio decreased (P<0.05) ;Compared with group M, the neurobehavioral score, the number of apoptosis and the expression of Bax protein were significantly decreased (P<0.05), while the expression of Bcl-2, β-catenin protein and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio were significantly increased (P<0.05) in group MI.Compared with group MI, the neurobehavioral score, the number of apoptosis, Bax and GSK-3βprotein in group MDI were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the Bcl-2, β-catenin protein expression, and Bcl-2/Bax ratio were significantly decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion Isoflurane post-conditioning may protect the hippocampus neurons against cerebral ischemic reperfusion-induced damage via the way that the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway regulates the expression levels of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in rats.

Objective To study the effect of different types of renal puncture needles on the risk of bleeding after renal puncture.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 428 patients who under-went renal biopsy in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Jiulongpo District People's Hospital of Chongqing from January 2020 to December 2022.Different types of puncture needles were used to compare the occurrence of postoperative bleeding complications(hematoma,hematuria).Results The incidence of bleeding complications after renal puncture in 428 patients was 21.0％(90/428),of which the incidence of hematoma was 18.9％(81/428),the incidence of hematuria was 2.1％(9/428),the median decrease in hemoglobin(Hb)was 5 g/L,and the incidence of serious complications such as blood transfusion and interventional therapy was 0.7％(4/428).The patients with different types of renal puncture needles were grouped(16G group,18G group).There was no significant difference in baseline data and distri-bution of renal pathological types between the two groups(P＞0.05).The incidence of postoperative bleeding in 16G group and 18G group was 22.4％(52/232)and 19.4％(38/196),respectively.The incidence of hema-toma was 20.6％(48/232)and 16.8％(33/196),respectively.The incidence of hematuria was 1.7％(4/232)and 2.6％(5/196),respectively.The decrease of Hb was 6(0,16)g/L and 4(0,17)g/L,respectively.There was no significant difference(P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of serious compli-cations such as blood transfusion,interventional therapy and Hb decrease＞10 g/L between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided renal biopsy is safe and has a low incidence of serious complica-tions.There was no significant relationship between different puncture needle types and postoperative bleeding risk.

Objective:To analyze the effect of thoracoscopic subsegmental resection under the guidance of three dimensional(3D)computed tomography bronchography and angiography(3D-CTBA)for resection of pulmonary nodules.Methods:A total of 40 patients who underwent 3D-CTBA-guided thoracoscopic subsegmental resection in Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital of Nantong University from January 2020 to October 2021 were selected as the observation group,and other 35 patients who underwent 3D-CTBA-guided thoracoscopic pulmonary segmentectomy were selected as the control group.The intraoperative and postoperative conditions,and the incidence of postoperative complications of the two groups were observed.Results:The differences of amount of intraoperative blood loss,average margin width,postoperative drainage,retention time of drainage tube between observation group and control group were significant(t=8.644,2.862,10.03,3.277,P<0.05),respectively.The numbers of occurring postoperative chest leakage,pulmonary infection and hemoptysis in observation group and control group were respectively"3,1,1"and"2,1,2".The incidences of complications of two groups were respectively 12.5%and 14.29%,without statistical significance between the two groups(P>0.05).Conclusion:3D-CTBA-guided thoracoscopic subsegmental resection can shorten the operation time,and reduce intraoperative blood loss and the injury of tracheas and blood vessels,and improve the postoperative recovery of patients.

OBJECTIVE To explore the clinical features of patients carrying deletions of the rod domain of the dystrophin gene. METHODS Clinical data of 12 Chinese patients with Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) and such deletions was reviewed. RESULTS Most patients complained of muscle weakness of lower limbs. Two patients had muscle cramps, one had increased creatine kinase (CK) level, and one had dilated cardiomyopathy. CONCLUSION Compared with DMD, the clinical features of BMD are much more variable, particularly for those carrying deletions of the rod domain of the dystrophin gene. Muscular weakness may not be the sole complaint of BMD. The diagnosis of BMD cannot be excluded by moderately elevated CK. For male patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, the possibility of BMD should be considered.