Objective To apply the real-time quantitative PCR assay with the TaqMan Probe to DNA analysis in Forensic science . Methods Using the TaqMan method to quantitate DNA abstracted from variety of biological samples common in Forensic science . Results The quantity of sample DNA can be obtained. Inhibiting factors in the abstracted DNA might be evaluated. And subsequent procedures of STR testing were then directed. Conclusion Real-time quantitative PCR is a necessary technique for DNA analysis in Forensic science.

Objective To evaluate the short-term efficacy of total hip arthroplasty combined with subcutaneous osteotomy in the treatment of CroweⅣ hip dysplasia (DDH).Methods From March 2012 to March 2015,14 patients (16 hips) underwent total hip arthroplasty with femoral distraction osteotomy S-ROM femoral stem prosthesis.And we observed its recent efficacy.Results All patients underwent S-ROM prosthesis.The patients underwent transverse osteotomy of the femoral trochanter.The osteotomy length was 2.0-3.5 cm.The average follow-up time was 19 months.And no complications such as dislocation,vascular nerve injury,deep vein thrombosis and infection were observed during the follow-up.The average Harris scores improved from 42.3 preoperatively to 90.4 postoperatively at 9 months after the operation.The average lengths of preoperative limb shortening and postoperative limb shortening were 6.4 cm and 4.3 cm respectively.The X-ray films showed no dislocation of acetabulum and femoral prosthesis.Bone healing was achieved at 6 months after osteotomy.Conclusion This method could be a good choice for Crowe Ⅳ developmental dysplasia.The short-term efficacy is satisfactory.

MicroRNA has speciifc biological and expression properties in transcription level, which has more potential than genomic DNA in the identification for forensic body fluid, species and degraded crime biological materials. Here we introduce the speciifc research of forensic body lfuid identiifcation, research strategies and applied perspectives with forensic miRNA, expecting to provide the application and study of miRNA analysis for reference.

Objective To quantitatively analyze the early warning value of laboratory indexes for death risk in children with criti ‐cal hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) .Methods The univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were conducted to explore the independent risk factors of death in critical HFMD children .Then the area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was applied to give the comprehensive assessment of the test model ,as well as the early warning capacity and the optimal cut‐off level of laboratory indexes in critical HFMD children .Results The AUC of the Logistic regression model (Y ) established based on white blood cell ,neutrophil ,myoglobin ,creatinine for early predicting the death risk in critical HFMD children patients was 0 .847 (95% CI :0 .783 - 0 .911) ,which indicating that its diagnostic value was superior to single index .Conclusion The diag‐nostic value of the Y model established based on four indexes of white blood cell count ,neutrophile granulocytes count ,myohemo‐globin and creatinine is superior to any single index ,which has the better early warning value for the death risk in children with crit‐ical HFMD .

Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is a large class of proteases which can cut or reshape extracellular matrix (ECM) and cell surface proteins. The activity of MMP is regulated by a variety of cytokines, including tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease (TIMP), signal transduction molecules and cell adhesion molecules. The latest research shows that MMP has a role in the pathophysiology process of many acute and chronic kidney diseases. In this article, the classification, expression and distribution in the kidney of MMP and its role in injury related renal transplantation was reviewed.

The application of DNA technologies has rendered DNA analysis an important tool since the DNA fingerprint technology has been reported. Nowadays, with the rapid development of next generation sequencing (NGS) technology, the ability of forensic DNA analysis has been greatly extended by incorporating bioinformatics technique with forensic application. This paper reviews the research status and application prospects of bioinformatics in genomics, epigenetics and transcriptomics related to forensic genetics.

Objective To observe the changes of potassium ion (K+), lactic acid (Lac) and glucose (Glu) in swine with traumatic hemorrhagic shock (THS) inside the dry-heat environment and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods A total of 40 local Landrace piglets were randomly(random number) divided equally into 4 groups: the normal temperature sham operation group (NS), the normal temperature traumatic hemorrhagic shock group (NTHS), the dry-heat sham operation group (DS group) and the dry-heat traumatic hemorrhagic shock group (DTHS). The experiment was carried out in the artifi cia climate cabin simulated the special environment of northwest of China. After exposed to their respective environment[dry-heat environment: (40.5±0.5), plus(10±2)% humidity; normal temperature environment: (25±0.5), plus(35±5)% humidity] for 3 h. Laparotomy were performed in swine of all groups, and then splenectomy and partial hepatectomy were performed only in NTHS and DTHS. The process of exsanguination from the external iliac artery was established to make the MAP reaching to 40-50 mmHg, and thus the traumatic hemorrhagic shock model of swine was successfully made. Blood samples were collected from external iliac artery at different intervals including the time just after exposure for 3 h and the successful establishment of traumatic hemorrhagic shock model (0 h) and then every 30 min after 0 h, serum levels of K+, Lac and Glu were detected. The features of varied serum K+, Lac and Glu were observed in each group. All data were statistically analyzed using One-way ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis. Results After exposed , the level of serum K+inside the dry-heat environment was higher than that of swine inside the normal temperature group ( P<0.01), however the Glu level was lower in the swine inside dry-heat environment than that of swine inside the normal temperature ( P<0.01).The level of serum K+and Lac of DTHS group were rapidly increased from the establishment of the model to the death in about 3 h, while those of NTHS group were increased slowly. The level of K+and Lac were positively correlated in the two groups amd the correlation coeffi cient were rDTHS=0.927 (P<0.01) and rNTHS=0.539 (P<0.01),respectively. The level of Glu was progressively decrease in DTHS group, while in NTHS group, it was not noticeable. The level of K+and Glu were negatively correlated in the two group, the correlation coeffi cient were rDTHS=-0.804 (P<0.01) and rNTHS=0.420 (P<0.01),respectively. Conclusions The changes of serum K+, Lac and Glu occurred sooner and more obvious in traumatic hemorrhagic shock models inside dry heat environment (DTHS) group than those in NTHS group. The level of serum K+positively correlated with Lac, however, negatively correlated with Glu, which suggested that hyperkalemia and acidosis should be paid more attention to the treatment of traumatic hemorrhagic shock inside the dry heat environment, and the hypoglycemia should be treated at the same time.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant tumor and patients with HCC often have liver cirrhosis, with an extremely high 5-year recurrence rate and poor prognosis even after curative treatment. In recent years, sarcopenia has attracted more and more attention as a poor prognostic factor for various malignant tumors; however, there is still a lack of studies on the association between skeletal muscle index and prognosis of HCC in China. Evidence in foreign countries has shown that sarcopenia may be an a negative prognostic factor for HCC patients. This article reviews the etiology and possible pathogenesis of HCC-related sarcopenia and related intervention measures including nutritional supplementation, appropriate physical exercise, and medication, in order to provide a reference for related studies in China.

Objective:Discuss the etiological characteristics of pulmonary infection after renal transplantation and the diagnostic value of metagenomics nextgeneration sequencing (mNGS) technique.Methods:A total of 40 patients with pulmonary infection who were admitted to the Department of Renal Transplantation of the First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University from January, 2018 to January, 2021 were selected, and identification of pathogens through routine pathogen detection methods and mNGS. The routine pathogen detection methods included: blood culture, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and sputum culture and smear staining, lung histopathology, antigen detection and PCR, etc. BALF were used to search for pathogens by mNGS. Combined with the results of the two groups to give accurate anti-infection treatment, the clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Eventually 36 patients were cured and discharged, and 4 patients deaths. In 40 cases of pulmonary infection, the BALF mNGS pathogens detection of BALF was positive in 37 cases and negative in 3 patients, with a detection sensitivity of 92.5%. In addition, there were 15 cases of single pulmonary infection and 22 cases of mixed pulmonary infection, including 8 cases of bacterial infection, 9 cases of viral infection and 20 cases of fungal infection, among which pneumocystis (20/40, 50%) and cytomegalovirus (10/40, 25%) were the most common. In contrast, the positive rate of pathogens by routine detection were only 30% (12/40), and the difference between the two detection methods was statistically significant ( χ2=32.92, P<0.05). The diagnostic rates of mixed pulmonary infection were 55% and 10% respectively, the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=18.46, P<0.05), the single type pulmonary infection was 30% and 20% respectively, the difference was not statistically significant( χ2=2.99, P>0.05). Conclusions:mNGS has more advantages than routine pathogen detection methods in terms of pathogen species and distribution, detection time, sensitivity, mixed infection diagnosis rate and benefit. Using mNGS can be more efficient to find pathogens of pulmonary infection after renal transplantation, take accurate treatment, reduce costs, and improve cure rate, such as worth wide application..

Objective:To explore the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of pneumocystis jirovecii pneumoniae (PJP) after renal transplantation.Methods:A total of 20 PJP patients were selected from January 2018 to January 2020. The major symptoms included fever, chest tightness, dyspnea and cough with minimal sputum. Chest computed tomography (CT), laboratory tests and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of bronchoscopic pulmonary alveolar perfusion fluid (BALF) were performed. They received cotrimoxazole (SMZ: 18.75-25 mg/kg + TMP: 3.75-5 mg/kg q6 h) and basic regimen of caspofungin (50-70 mg/d) for 14-21 days. At the same time, bacterial, fungal or viral infections were treated, immunosuppressants were tapered or discontinued, supportive therapy and methylprednisolone, immunoglobulin and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) were provided. Chest CT examination was performed for 5-7 days to evaluate the therapeutic effect and clinical data were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among them, fever was predominant in 13 cases with an average body temperature of (38.8±0.68) ℃ while chest tightness and dyspnea occurred in 7 cases. Fourteen patients presented hypoxemia, 13 received non-invasive ventilator assisted breathing, 1 received mechanical ventilation via endotracheal intubation and the remainders received mask oxygen therapy. Seventeen patients were cured and discharged from hospital for 12~90 days. Three patients died of respiratory and circulatory failures due to deteriorating pulmonary infection. And 19 patients had elevated renal function initially and basically normalized around 2 weeks.Conclusions:PJP is one of the most serious complications after renal transplantation. Timely diagnosis and targeted treatment are essential. And mNGS examination plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of PJP. The basic anti-infective scheme of compound sulfamethoxazole plus carbophennet is efficacious. At the same time, appropriate tapering or discontinuation of immunosuppressants, supportive therapy and assisted respiration are also important.