AIM: To investigate the change of estrogen receptor (ER) in hippocampus, hypothalamus and pituitary of female rats exposed to psychological stress, and to illuminate the mechanism of dysfunction on ovarian reproductive endocrine function. METHODS: Sound, light and electricity were combined into a psychological stressful stimulus to induce female rat dysfunction on ovarian reproductive endocrine function. Immunohistochemical technique and image analysis were used to assess the expression levels of ER in hippocampus, hypothalamus and pituitary. RESULTS: When exposed to compound stressful stimulus of sound, light and electricity for 20 days in female rats, the expression levels of ER in hippocampus, hypothalamus and pituitary dropped. CONCLUSION: The decrease in estrogen receptor expression in hippocampus, hypothalamus and pituitary of female rats exposed to psychological stress may be one of the mechanisms of ovarian reproductive endocrine dysfunction.

Objective To investigate the effect of standard remnant liver volume (SRLV) on liver insufficiency after hepatectomy in cirrhotic patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods Sixty-seven HCC patients with liver cirrhosis were involved in this study.The following parameters were obtained in all cases:total liver volume (TLV),resected liver volume by surgery,body surface area (BSA),remnant liver volume (RLV)and SRLV.Compared analysis of relationship between liver insufficient and the parameters as well as the age of patients,duration of operation and blood lose etc.was carried out,in order to establish the security threshold of SRLV.Results According to the postoperative liver function,the patients were divided into 2 groups:Group A,52cases with mild liver dysfunction; Group B,15cases among them 12 with moderate and 3 with severe liver insufficiency.Statistical analysis showed that the difference of TLV,duration of operation,intra-operative blood lose and age between Group A and B were insignificant(P＞0.05).However,that of RLV and SRLV were significant(P＜0.05).The average SRLV in Group A was 562±89 ml/m2 and 410±87 ml/m2 in Group B (P＜＜0.01).The security threshold of SRLV was 438 ml/m2 calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC)in our patients.Then randomly selected sixty HCC patients,the incidences of moderate and severe liver insufficiency postoperative in the SRLV≤438 ml/m2 and SRLV＞438 ml/m2 patients were 92.3％and8.5％ (P＜0.01).Conclusions It is suggested from our present study that SRLV is a good predictor for post-operative liver function reserve in patients with cirrhotic HCC.Its security threshold is 438 ml/m2,and the risk of occurring hepatic failure will be high postoperatively when patient,s SRLV is less than this value.

BACKGROUND:The degradation of a col agen Ⅰ modified porous calcium sulfate scaffold in vivo is unclear, and its degradation product effects on human osteoblasts are rarely reported.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the biocompatibility of human osteoblasts with degradation products of calcium sulfate/col agen membrane composite porous scaffold.
METHODS:Passage 2 human osteoblasts were cultured in the extract of degradation products of calcium sulfate/col agen membrane composite porous scaffold and in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing 10%newborn calf serum. At days 1, 3, 5, 7, cellproliferative curves and total protein were determined using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method and Coomassie bril iant blue micro-plate method, respectively. And alkaline phosphatase activity was also detected.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The proliferation rate of human osteoblasts in the extract of degradation products of calcium sulfate/col agen membrane composite porous scaffold was slightly higher than that in the Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing 10%newborn calf serum, but there was no significant difference (P>0.05). Alkaline phosphatase activity, total protein synthesis and alkaline phosphatase/total protein were increased with time in the two groups, but there was no significant difference at different time (P>0.05). These findings indicate that the degradation products of calcium sulfate/col agen membrane composite porous scaffold cannot influence proliferation and growth of human osteoblasts as wel as their normal physiological functions, which have good biocompatibility.

BACKGROUND: Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) plays an important role on preventing tissues and organs from oxidant stress injury, which remains currently one of the most active areas of investigation. OBJECTIVE: To study HO-1 over-expression on the survival and fiver function of rats after reduced-size liver transplantation by constructing recombinant adenovims Ad5-HO-1.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Randomized controlled animal study was performed in the Institute of Pediatrics, Children Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University from September 2003 to March 2005. MATERIALS: Seventy-four SD rats were used to establish in situ reduced-sized liver transplantation models. METHODS: Recombinant adenoviral vector encoding Ha-1 gene (AdS-HO-1) was generatred by molecular biology method, wluch was administered to donors via voln at 48 hours before transplantation. All rats were randomly divided into control group(n=12),saline group(n=12), cobalt protoporphyrin (CoPP)group(n=13),Ad5-HO-1 group(n=13),Ad5-green fluorescent protein(GFP)group(n=12),and Ad5-HO-1+zinc protoporphyrin (ZnPP)group (n=12).Livers of donor wefe harvested and stored for 24 hours at 4℃ in HTK solution. Before it is implantedinto recipient. MA IN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival rate and liver function; portal vein blood flow monitored 2 hours after transplantation by Color Doppler How Imaging; pathological changes of transplanted liver tissue observed by HE staining;HO-1 activity, tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),Bcl-2 and Bax expression detected by immunohistoehemical staining; changes of HO-1,TNF-α,bcl-2 and bax mRNA detected by molecular viewpoint. RESULTS: Survival rate in the Ad5-HO-1 group was significantly higher than that in the saline group at al,7,and 21 days after liver transplantation(P＜0.05).Glutamic pyruvic transaminase decreased in the Ad5-HO-1 group as compared to that in the saline,Ad5-GFP,and Ad5-HO-1+ZnPP groups(P＜0.05);portal venous blood flow significantly increased 2 hours after transplantation(P＜0.05);HO-1 activity also significantly increased(P＜0.05).RT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining showed that HO-1 and bcl-2 expressions increased(P＜0.05),but bax and TNF-αexpressions decreased(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:Ad5-HO-1 significantly induces high expression of HO-1 increases portal venous blood flow within 2 hours alter liver transplantation, and promotes liver functional recovery so as to prolong survival time of rats after liver transplantion.

Objective To summarize complications and early clinical effect of less invasive stabilization system and the femoral condylar support plates in treatment of AO type C distal femoral fractures. Methods We reviewed 46 patients who had internal fixation of AO type C distal femoral fractures. Of all 46 patients, 25 were with less invasive stabilization sys-tem and 21 were with femoral condylar support plates fixation. Comparative analysis was performed using intraoperative in-dex, postoperative complications and the Evanich score at follow-up. Results All 46 patients were followed up with a mean time of 19.6 months after surgery. The difference in incision length, blood loss, fracture healing time was significant between the 2 groups(P＜0.05)but not in the duration of operations and hospital stays(P>0.05). The statistical signifi-cance was also found in the total incidence of postoperative complications and the Evanich score at the last follow-up(P＜0.05). Conclusion Patients with less invasive stabilization system fixation had the characteristics of less trauma, shorter fracture healing time, less postoperative complications and better functional recovery compared with femoral condylar sup-port plates. Less invasive stabilization system had became an ideal internal fixation in treatment of AO type C distal femoral fractures.

Objective To compare the therapeutic effect and complication of immediate and selective interlocked intramedullary nailing in treatment of open tibial shaft fractures. Methods A total of 123 open tibial shaft fractures of 102 cases were treated with immediate fixation with interlocked intramedullary nailing after debridement (Group A) and with selective fixation with interlocking intramedullary nailing after debridement and closing the wound (Group B). Results The follow up for more than half a year showed that all fractures were healed, with excellent joint function of knee and ankle. Of all, 12 cases with skin necrosis and defect but without deep infection were healed after pedicle flap reconstruction. The result of Group A was much better than that of Group B in regard of total operation time, hospital stay, cost, amount of antibiotics used and partial weight bearing. No statistical difference in therapeutic effects and complications was found between two group. Conclusion Infection is not the contra-indication of interlocked intramedullary nailing in open tibial fractures. Immediate operation can be done after thorough debridement.

Genes, Recessive ; Humans ; Nephritis, Hereditary ; diagnosis ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; diagnosis

AIM To study the effects of degreasing-frosting on reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy of Periplaneta americana L..METHODS The 95％ ethanol extracts from P.americana raw powder and processed products were extracted by petroleum ether,ethyl acetate,n-butanol and water.TLC was applied to comparing the component changes in various fractions.GC-MS was used for analyzing the kinds and contents of liposoluble constituents before and after processing.Shaking flask method combined with UV spectrophotometry method was adopted in the determination of Papp values in octanol-water and different pH values (2.23,3.28,4.22,5.23,6.12,7.24,8.23,9.10,10.15 and pure water) of buffer solutions.RESULTS After the petroleum ether fraction was processed,the colors of TLC spots became much shallower,which changed more significantly with the prolonging of processing time and increase of pressure.The TLC spots in the n-butanol and water fractions were clear without obvious changes.And no TLC spots were found in the ethyl acetate fraction.The kinds of liposoluble constituents were the same before and after processing,whose absolute contents were decreased after processing.Compared with raw powder,the Papp values of minor polypeptides in various processed products at different pH values exhibited significant differences (P ＜0.05,P ＜0.01),which also showed certain differences at the same pH values.CONCLUSION Degreasing-frosting can affect the contents of liposoluble constituents in P.americana and Papp values of minor polypeptides,which may be the mechanism of reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy.

Objective To investigate the differences of clinical efficacy and untoward reaction of different chemotherapy regi‐mens for patients with malignant glioma on different expression levels of O6‐methylguanine‐DNA‐methyltransferase(MGMT) ,in order to provide references for clinical treatment .Methods Totally 90 cases of patients with malignant glioma in our hospital from January 2011 to January 2013 were selected ,among them ,64 cases of MGMT negative expressing patients were divided into group A and group B with 32 cases in each group ,and 26 cases of MGMT positive expressing patients were enrolled into the group C . Group A was treated with combination of radiotherapy ,teniposide and nimustine ,group B was treated with radiotherapy‐temozolo‐mide combination regimen ,group C was treated with combination of radiotherapy ,teniposide and nimustine .The untoward reactions of the three groups were compared ,and the survival rate was observed after one year follow‐up .Results The hemoglobin ,leuko‐cyte ,granulocyte ,platelet ,bleeding ,alanine aminotransferase ,creatinine ,urea nitrogen ,peripheral neuritis ,untoward reactions a‐mong the three groups had no statistically significant differences (P>0 .05);the incidence rates of nausea and vomiting ,diarrhea , constipation among the three groups had statistically significant differences(P<0 .05) ,in which group C was significantly higher than that of group A and group B(P<0 .05) .Only one case in the group C was lost in the one year follow‐up .The median survival time was 10 months in group A and group B ,and was 7 months in group C .The median survival time in group C was significantly lower when compared with that in group A and group B(χ2 =7 .673 ,P=0 .006 ;χ2 =6 .395 ,P=0 .011) ,while there was no signifi‐cant difference of median survival time between group A and group B(χ2 =0 .063 .P=0 .802) .Conclusion The long‐term prognosis of patients with negative MGMT expression might be significantly worse than that of patients with negative MGMT expression in glioma .

Objective To clarify great benefit to prevention of wound infection as well as reduction of economic expenditures by a new method of connecting latex gloves and cigarettes in peritoneal drainage. Methods We randomly selected 121 cases of patients with peritoneal pyogenic infection, divided them into the latex gloves group (64 eases)and the common dressing group (57 cases). The incision infection rate and eco-nomic cost in two groups were comparately studied. Results The latex gloves group's incision infection rate was 10.94% (7 / 64), the common dressing was 31.58% (18/57). Each patient of the latex gloves group spent less cost about 15.70 yuan,changed dressing 5.3 times less than the common dressing group. Conclusions Connecting latex gloves and cigarettes in peritoneal drainage is a new method of reducing economic expandi-tures and the chances of incision infection. Clinical application of this method should be fully prospected.