Objective To investigate the difference between the self-evaluation of patients with dental and facial esthetics in skeletal malocclusion and normal persons.Methods The subjects were divided into three groups:62 patients with skeletal Class Ⅱ,84 patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ,as well as 130 persons in control group.There was no obvious difference in gender and age among the three groups.Happiness with dental and facial appearance was assessed using questionnaires.Analysis of variance,linear regression and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.Results Skeletal malocclusion patients were less happy with their dental appearance than control group.Class Ⅱ patients and women had lower happiness scores for their dental appearance.Among skeletal malocclusion patients,the shape (44.5 ％) and prominence of their teeth (17.8 ％) were the most frequent causes of concern.Older subjects,women,and skeletal malocclusion patients were less happy with their facial appearance.Most of them were dissatisfied with the facial appearance focused on the chin (53 ％),facial contours (37 ％),and the position of the teeth when smiling (33 ％).A greater proportion of Class Ⅲ subjects than Class Ⅱ subjects wished to change their appearance.Conclusions The findings indicate that women and skeletal malocclusion patients have lower levels of happiness with their dentofacial appearance.Although Class Ⅱ patients exhibit the lowest levels of happiness with their dental appearance,there is some evidence that concerns and awareness about their facial profile are more pronounced among the Class Ⅲ patients.

Objective: To evaluated the granules stabilities in four conditions by taking the change of Baricalin content and granules surface color as stability test markers. Methods: The content of baicalin was determined by dual wave length iso absortion method and the granules surface color was determined by the diffuse reflectrance spectroscopy. ① The granules were tested in a simulated summer environment (30 ?C , RH92.5%, 1month) and in a high intensity light condition (3000LX, 10dyas). ② The influence of humidity on the stability of the granules was investigated. ③ The expiry date of the granules was predicted by the mutivariate linear regression analysis and compared with the result of the classical constant temperature method. ④ The influences of temperature and humidity on the granules stability were etudied by orthogonal test. Results: ① There was hardly any change in baicalin content of samples in a simulated summer environment and in a high intensity light condition. ② The results showed that the decrease of baicalin content and charge of granules color were obvious when the relative humidity of environment was high and the granules color was more easily influenced by the humidity. ③ The expiry date was about 2.87 years. ④ The results indicated that both temperature and humidity had effects on the change of baicalin content. Conclusion: We tried to estimate the stability of the granules by two indexes. The results showed that Qingrejedu granules was stable in different conditions. It satisfied the stability requirements of solid dosage form.

Objective To comparison between radiofrequency ablation introduced by tri-dimension reconstruction and ultrasound and operation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinoma. Methods 94 patients with small hepatocellular carcinoma from Jan 2009 to Mar 25 in Shanxi Cancer Hospital were analyzed. 45 patients were both given CT examination to rebuild tri-dimension and radiofrequency ablation treatment. 49 patients were given excision. Both groups were given CT examination to rebuild tri-dimension before the treatment. The differences in recurrence rate, overall survival and complication ratio between the two groups were compared. Results After 1, 2 and 3 years radiofrequency ablation treatment, the survival rate in radiofrequency ablation group were 95.56 % (43/45), 86.67 % (39/45), 60.00 % (27/45) respectively, comparing with 93.88%(46/49), 79.60%(39/49), 59.20%(29/49) in operation group. The difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). There was no statistical significance in 1-year, 2-year and 3-year recurrence rates between the two groups (P> 0.05). There were statistical significances in incidence of post-treatment pains [13.33%(6/45) vs 100.00%(49/49),χ2=60.416, P<0.05] and complication (P<0.05) between the two groups. By Mar 25th, 2015, there was no needle tract implantation in the patients with radiofrequency ablation treatment. Conclusions For the small hepatocellular carcinoma with less than 3cm in diameter, introduced by CT tri-dimension image reconstruction and ultrasound, the radiofrequency ablation treatment excels in effect with fewer damages, infective complications, lower cost and can be applied many times. The overall effect is close to surgical removal, and therefore it can be used as the first line therapy for small hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of three therapeutics to earlier primary gastric diffuse large B cell lymphoma(PG-DLBCL).Methods By reviewing a data-base of 66 patients with earlier PG-DLBCL from Aug 2000 to Oct 2011 were enrolled,patients were divided into chemotherapy alone(21 cases),radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy(22 cases) and surgery followed chemotherapy group(23 cases),and to comparing the prognosis of the three therapeutics.Results The complete remission rates(CR) of the three groups was 47.6％,77.3％,65.2％ (P ＞ 0.05).The median progression-free survival(PFS)of the three groups in 66 patients was 61.5,90.4 and 79.1 months,the radiotherapy combined group was proven to be significantly better than chemotherapy alone group and surgery followed chemotherapy group(x2 =6.726,P ＜0.05).The 3-year survival rate of the three groups was 81.6％,90.5％ and 82.6％.The five year survival rate was 72.5％,90.5％,82.6％.There was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05) in 3-year survival rate and 5-year survival rate.Conclusions Radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy can significantly improve the PFS without increasing the risk of other adverse outcomes,and could be the first treatment way for the earlier PG-DLBCL.

Objective To evaluate effect of intervention on acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) high-risk sexual behavior of males who have sex with males(MSM)population in Jilin,and to provide a basis for establishing apropriate intervention strategy for this population.Methods A cross-sectional survey was carried out on the MSM population of young students with the method of classification.Comprehensive intervention strategy included health education via new media,behavioral intervention,voluntary conseling and testing,peer education,condom promotion and standardized services for clinic of sexually transmitted diseases(STDs)and other comprehensive interventions.Before and after intervention,300 MSM were enrolled,and their demographic characteristics,knowledge of AIDS prevention and control,high risk behaviors and intervention measures were investigated and analyzed.Results Before and after the intervention,the awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge was 67.67％ and 94.33％,respectively,the condom usage rate was 23.57％ and 11.79％ in the most recent and the last 6 months before the intervention,and it was 76.21％ and 62.10 ％ after the intervention,respectively.The proportion for those who used condom every time in heterosexual sex behavior was increased from 23.53％ (before intervention) to 69.60 ％ (after intervention),and the condom usage rate in the last 6 months was increased from 15.44％ to 66.40％.Proportion of the MSM who had STDs related symptoms was decreased from 21.33％ to 7.67％ after the intervention.Conclusion After the comprehensive intervention,the awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge among MSM in Jilin is significantly increased,the incidence of highrisk sexual behavior is decreased and the condom usage rate is improved.Intervention by use of new media is low-cost,easy to operate,and can be used as a good supplementary strategy for traditional behavioral intervention.

Objective To observe the relationship between cerebral border zone infarction and cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion.Methods 45 patients admitted to our hospital in 2002 were studied retrospectively.They were diagnosied as acute cerebral border zone infarction and classified into anterior border infartion,posterior border infartion and internal border infartion by diffusion weighted MR imaging(DWI). The stenosis or occlusion of cerebral arteries was evaluated by magnetic resonance angiography(MRA) or transcranial doppler(TCD) examinations.Results Cerebral artery stenosis or occlusion was founded in 32 patients(71.1%).The lesions were most located in middle cerebral artery(47.6%),next in internal carotid artery(31%), relatively seldom in anterior cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery(11.9%). No difference of artery abnormity was found between the patients with single border infarction and the patients with mutiple border infarction.But middle cerebral artery stenosis was more frequently seen in the patients with internal border infartion( P

0.05).The urethral catheter was indwelled for a mean of 2.5 days(2-4 days).Follow-up examinations were conducted for 5-24 months(mean,17 months).At the first postoperative month,the IPSS and maximum urinary flow were 6.7?2.4 and 16.3?6.1 ml/s,respectively,both of which were significantly improved as compared with preoperative values(t=8.975 and 7.325,P

Objective To investigate the causes of success or failure of natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery(NOTES)in animals.Methods Data were collected from animal studies of NOTES carried out between August 2007 and September 2009.The studies were divided into acute phase and survival phase.In the studies,simple NOTES and laparoscopic-assisted NOTES were performed on female miniswines or adult mongrel dogs.Diagnostic abdominal exploration,liver biopsy,cholecystectomy,tubal ligation,oophorectomy,gastrojejunal anastomosis,and splenectomy were made in the animals.The intra-and post-operative complications and technical difficulties were recorded during the procedures.Results Totally 37 miniswines and 16 mongrel dogs were enrolled in the studies of NOTES procedures(91 procedures),including 22 acute experiments and 31 survival experiments.Simple NOTES was conducted through the transgastric route in 25 cases,transcolonic route in 8 cases,and combinations of transgastric and transcolonic routes in 16 cases,and combinations of transgastric and transvaginal routes in 6.In Laparoscopic-assisted cases,36 animals were treated via the transgastric route by traditional(26 cases)or single-port transumbilical laparoscopy(10 cases).Diagnostic exploration was carried out in 33 cases,liver biopsy was done in 11 cases,tubal ligation was made in 11,and oophorectomy was performed on 6;the procedures were all completed in these cases showing a success rate of 100%.Cholecystectomy was completed in 27 cases with a success rate of 44.4%(12/27).One case of splenectomy,and two cases of gastrojejunal anastomosis failed.The totally complication rate in the studies were 39.6%(21/53).The complications included perforation(8 cases),organ injury(5 cases),bleeding(4 cases),infection(3 cases)and pneumoperitoneum with hypertonia(1 case).Conclusions NOTES is feasible,safe and effective in diagnostic abdominal exploration and simple abdominal surgeries,but does not suit difficult abdominal surgeries.By using laparoscopy,the technique may be further developed and used in the future.

OBJECTIVE:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of the content of glucose in Glucose/Sodium Chloride injection.METHODS:The determination was performed on Waters Sugar PakⅠ column with column temperature set at 80 ℃,water as mobile phase and injection volume of 20 ?L.The cell temperature of RID detector was set at 40 ℃.RESULTS:The linear range of glucose was 0.05～2.50 mg?mL-1(r=0.999 9) with the lowest detection limit of 24 ng.The average recovery ranged from 99.80% to 99.90%(RSD=0.21%).CONCLUSION:The method is simple,rapid,accurate,sensitive and reliable in operation,and it is applicable for determination of glucose in Glucose/Sodium Chloride injection.