Objective To investigate the requirement of water in Hemsleya zhejiangensis during the culture process. Methods The chlorophyll content, the gas exchange, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter in H. zhejiangensis were measured after treatment with drought stress for different time. Results With decreasing of relative soil water content, the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) in H. zhejiangensis was increased before the 15 d and than was decreased. The stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (E) were decreased under drought stress for 5 d, while the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was increased. The efficiency of energy conversion of open PSⅡ (Fv′/Fm′) maintained rather stable, while its electron transport rate (ETR), actual PSⅡ efficiency (?PSⅡ), photochemical quenching (qP), and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) were increased after the 10 d of drought stress, and then was decreased, which was consistent with the change in Pn. Conclusion The growth of H. zhejiangensis is promoted under slight drought stress condition, which is probably associated with the dissipation of excess light energy.

Thirty-two patients with comminuted proximal humerus fractures(Neer Ⅲ or Ⅳ) were admitted to Department of Orthopedics,First Hospital of Jilin University from March 2001 to April 2006.The patients consisted of 19 males and 13 females,aged 19-70 years,including 15 of 19-49 years and 17 of 50-70 years.All patients underwent treatment of cloverleaf plate-screw fixation.During the follow-up for 8 months,union time and scores from Constant & Murley functional scale were similar between male and female groups.Compared with patients aged 50 years,and the scores from Constant & Murley functional scale were significantly lower(P 50 years old is relatively longer with unfavorable functional recovery in the shoulder joint.

BACKGROUND:The previous researches indicate that, shock waves can enhance the proliferation of T-cells and the expression of interleukin (IL)-2 through a mechanism that involves p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK)activation.OBJECTIVE: To investigate if adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release is an underlying mechanism through which low-density shock waves (LDSWs) augment T-cell function.DESIGN: Controlled repetitive measurement by groups, taking cells as subject.SETTING: Department of Orthopedics, the First Hospital of Jilin University.MATERIALS: KDE-2001 Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripter (Beijing Zhongke Jian An Meditechs Co., Beijing, China).p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 1 mg (BioSource Inc., Camarillo, CA); p38 MAPK kit for detecting phosphorylation (Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. U.S.A.); P2 receptor inhibitor suramin 50 mg (BIOMOL Research Laboratories Inc., PA) was prepared into 0.02 mol/L solution by 1.749 2 mL IMDM. ATP enzyme: apyrase 200 U (Sigma, U.S.A.); P2X7 receptor antagonist KN-62 (BioSource Inc., Camarillo, CA); ATP Bioluminescence Assay Kit CLS Ⅱ (Roche Diagnostics GmbH,Mannheim, Germany).METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Orthopedic Laboratory of the First Clinical Hospital in Jilin University from January 2005 to December 2006. ①An Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripter (at 7 kV generator voltage, 0.3 μF capacitance, 23 MPa positive pressure, 0.18 mJ/mm2 energy flux density) was applied for LDSWs treatment ranging from 50 to 400 impulses. ②ATP release into the culture supernatant from Jurkat T-cells or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was determined with a specific ATP Bioluminescence Assay Kit. ③Negative control group excluded antagonist or inhibitor. Human PBMCs were used to determine the effect of LDSWs on activated T-lymphocyte proliferation. Human Jurkat cells were used to study the effects of LDSWs on IL-2 expression. Expression and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK in Jurkat T-cell were measured by Western Immunoblotting with anti-p38 MAPK antibodies and anti-p38 MAPK phospho-specific antibodies that recognized the phosphorylation (on Thr180/Tyr182).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: extra-cellular ATP release, IL-2 expression in cell suspension, cellular proliferation and the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK.RESULTS: ①ATP release under the condition without LDSWs was obviously lower than that with LDSWs of 100, 150,200, 250, 300, 360 and 400 impulses (P ＜ 0.01), and ATP release increased with the LDSWs impulse.②Compared with negative control group, the additions of apyrase, KN-62 or suramin attenuated the 3H-TdR incorporation of the phytohemagglutinin-stimulated PBMCs or CD3/CD28-stimulated Jurkat T-cells, which were effected with LDSWs of 100,150, 200, 250, 300, 330 impulses at 0.18 mJ/mm2 (P＜ 0.01). IL-2 expression in the cellular supernatant was also significant increased (P ＜ 0.01). ATPase, KN-62 or suramin all decreased the effect of LDSWs on p38 MAPK of Jurkat T-cells.CONCLUSION: ①LDSWs deform cellular membranes but have no effect on organelle, which results in ATP release from Jurkat cells. Exogenous ATP release activates P2X7 receptor and p38 MAPK, and increases IL-2 expression. LDSWs enhance T-cell proliferation and IL-2 expression through a mechanism that involves ATP release, P2X7 receptor and phosphorylized p38 MAPK activation. ②The release of ATP plays a key role in the mechanism through which LDSWs regulate the function of T cells.

Objective To process the image of endoscopic uhrasonography(EUS)by digital imaging processing(DIP)and pattem recognition,and to evaluate its efficacy in diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.Methods Two hundreds and sixteen patients,who underwent EUS between Feb 2005 and Feb 2007,were randomly recruited to the study.The cohort jncluded 153 cases of pancreatic cancer,which were confirmed by cytological findings after fine-needle aspiration,and 63 cases of non-pancreatic cancer(normal pancreas and chronic panereatitis).The texture features of the EUS image were selected and extracted,and cases were automatically divided into cancer and non-cancer based on findings of support vector machine (SVM).Sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the technique were calculated.Results From each region of interest(ROI),a total of69 texture features vest in 9 sets were extracted,and 25 features with most set interval were taken as initial.The images of 216 cases were divided randomly into training set(108 eases,76 cancer and 32 non cancer)and testing set(108 cases,77 cancer and 31 non cancer).After 50 times of random tests,the average accuracy,sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer were (97.98±1.237)%,(94.32±0.0354)%,and(99.45±0.0102)%respectively.Conclusion DIP,combined with computer aided EUS imaging,is an accurate and noninvasive technique in diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.which warrants novel and further researches.

Objective To investigate the role of precursor of brain derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF) in the improvement of motor function of rats subjected to cord transection. Methods Spinal cord transection was performed at T10 level. The rats were divided into sham operation group and artificial cerebrospinal fluid group. Then, the rats were subjected to proBDNF antibody treatment. The efficiency of proBDNF block was also determined by immunohistochemistry. BBB scale scores were used to e-valuate the effect of ProBDNF block on the motor function of the rats with spinal cord transection. Results Compared with control rats, proBDNF treatment showed a marked down-regulation of proBDNF protein in the spinal cord and could significantly improve the motor function. BBB scores in proBDNF block group was higher than those in artificial cerebrospinal fluid group. Conclusion The proBDNF block is available to the recovery of the motor function in hindlimbs in cord transected rats, suggesting that proBDNF could be as a member of candidate molecules for SCI therapy in the future.

Objective To evaluate the effects of mild-hypothermia therapy on coagulation and prognosis in patients with severe traumatic brain injury(sTBI). Methods Forty sTBI patients with Glasgow coma score(GCS) 3-8 were randomly divided into normal temperature-treatment control group(NT group)and hypothermia-treatment group(HT group),each 20 cases. Both groups were given conventional therapy,and HT group was additionally given mild-hypothermia therapy. The values of prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT), thrombin time(TT) and concentrations of plasma fibrinogen(Fg),D-dimer(DD)in two groups were monitored dynamically. The incidences of frequently seen blood coagulation related complications,such as delayed hematoma, hyper-fibrinolysis,cerebral infarction were counted,and 3 months after injury,the standard glasgow outcome scale (GOS)was applied to assess the prognosis. Results The values of PT,APTT and TT were significantly shorter and reached their valley values after 12 hours in NT group〔PT(s):10.6±0.8 vs. 11.6±1.2,APTT(s):16.7±1.2 vs. 20.8±1.4,TT(s):9.8±0.8 vs. 13.6±0.8〕,the concentrations of plasma Fg,DD were obviously increased and reached their peak values after 12 hours〔Fg(g/L):3.2±0.9 vs. 2.5±0.8,DD(μg/L):4 126.7±1 170.3 vs. 873.5±140.2〕,which showed that hypercoagulability appeared in the first 12 hours after injury in NT group,and after 12 hours turned into hyper-fibrinolysis. However,the values of PT,APTT,TT extended slowly until 12 hours reaching to their peak values〔PT(s):14.4±0.9 vs. 10.9±1.0,APTT(s):45.4±1.0 vs. 20.2±1.0,TT(s):25.3±1.2 vs. 13.0±0.6〕,the concentration of plasma Fg declined gradually until 12 hours to its valley value(g/L:1.8±0.7 vs. 2.3±0.6)and then back to normal,the concentration of DD rose gradually until 12 hours reaching to its peak value(μg/L:3 079.8±947.6 vs. 795.6±120.7)and then back to normal at 72 hours in HT group. The time of recovery for above indexes in HT group was earlyer than that in NT group. The incidence of delayed hematoma in NT group was higher than that of HT group(10%vs. 5%),but there was no statistical significant difference between the two groups(P>0.05),and the incidences of hyper-fibrinolysis(5% vs. 35%,P<0.05)and cerebral infarction (0 vs. 25%,P<0.05)in HT group were obviously lower than those in NT group. The rate of good therapeutic effect was higher(30% vs. 5%,P<0.05),and mortality lower(10% vs. 25%,P<0.05)in HT group than that of NT group. Conclusion Mild-hypothermia therapy can ameliorate coagulation dysfunction, reduce morbidity of coagulation related complications,and can improve the prognoses of patients with sTBI.

Objective To investigate the distribution and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens isolated from lower respiratory tracts of early onset and late-onset ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP)patients in intensive care unit. Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on data collected from1324 patients admitted to the ICU in the Third People' s Hospital in Wenzhou from July 2008 to December 2011 who received invasive mechanical ventilation.Patients were divided into early-onset pneumonia group (EOP,≤ 4 d mechanical ventilation ) and late-onset pneumonia group (LOP, ＞ 4 d mechanical ventilation).x2 or t test was performed to compare the pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance between two groups.Results In 1324 patients,552 (41.7％) suffered from VAP,including 74 ( 5.6％ )patients with EOP,382 (28.9％) patients with LOP,and 96 (7.3％) patients with both EOP and LOP.The top 6 pathogens in EOP group were Acinetobacter baumannii ( 72,22.6％ ),Pseudomonas aeruginosa (45,14.1％ ),Klebsiella pneumoniae (32,10.0％ ),Canidia albicans ( 31,9.7％ ),Burkholderia cepacia ( 31,9.7％ ) and Staphyloccocus aureus ( 28,8.8％ ) ; and in LOP group were Acinetobacter baumannii (235,21.2％ ),Canidia albicans (201,18.1％ ),Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( 111,10.0％ ),Candida glabrata ( 86,7.8％ ),Klebsiella pneumoniae ( 81,7.3％ ) and Staphyloccocus aureus ( 46,4.2％ ).Staphylococcus aureus infection in EOP group was more common than that in the LOP group (x2 =10.780,P =0.002),but the separation rate of Candida albicans in EOP group was significantly lower than that in the LOP group (x2 =12.907,P =0.000).Gram-negative bacteria isolated from EOP or LOP group were both highly resistant to most commonly used antibacterial agents,especially for Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. Most Staphyloccocus aureus strains were methicillin-resistant strains (EOP:67.9％,19/28; LOP:63.0％,29/46).Canidia albicans and Candida glabrata were sensitive to most antifungal agents.Conclusion For both EOP and LOP groups,the majority of pathogens isolated from lower respiratory tract are Gram-negative bacteria,and drug resistance is serious.

Objective To explore the effect of hesperidin on cardiac function and ventricular remodeling following myocardial infarction (MI) in mice.Methods Ligation of left anterior descending (LAD) was operated to establish MI model.Forty-two C57BL/6 mice were randomly (random number) divided into control and MI group;and 24 h after LAD ligation,mice in MI group were further divided into MI control and hesperetin group.Eight weeks later,cardiac function and structure changes were determined by the methods of hemodynamic measurement and echocardiography.HE staining was used to measure crosssectional area (CSA) of atrial myocytes,and PSR staining was applied for observe collagen deposition and calculation of collagen volume fraction (CVF).Real-time PCR was used to detect the mRNA expressions of cardiac hypertrophy markers (ANP,BNP and β-MHC) and cardiac fibrosis markers (Collagen Ⅰ,Collagen Ⅲ and CTGF).The contents of superoxide anion and hydroxy radical were detected by colorimetric method.Results Compared with control group,left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT) and interventricular septum thickness (IVST) were increased to be thicker,left ventricular fractional shortening (LVFS) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were significantly lower,and ± dp/dtmax was remarkably reduced in MI control group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with MI control group,hesperetin could increaseLVFS [(29.48±3.87)％ vs.(20.69±3.99) ％],LVEF [(46.40±1.68)％ vs.(30.51± 1.17) ％] and ±dp/dtmax [(3 344.33 ±269.57) mmHg/S vs.(2 205.19 ±224.17) mmHg/S;(2250.40±218.35) mmHg/S vs.(-1 566.91 ±217.37) mmHg/S];but could reduce LVPWT [(2.29±0.05) mm vs.(2.85±0.10)mm]andIVST[(1.44±0.09) mm vs.(1.89±0.06) mm].Compared with control group,CSA and CVF were significantly increased in MI control mice.However,hesperetin could reduce CSA and CVF.Compared with control group,the mRNA expressions of cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis markers were significantly increased in MI control mice;but hesperetin could significantly inhibit the mRNA expressions of cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac fibrosis markers.Additionally,hesperetin could significantly reduce the contents of superoxide anion and hydroxy radical.Conclusion Hesperetin intervention can inhibit ventricular structure change,and improve hemodynamics and cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction via inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Objective To investigate the effect of tramadol combined with sufentanil on postop-erative analgesia in patients received upper-abdominal surgery.Methods One hundred and fifty pa-tients scheduled for selective upper-abdominal operation were randomly divided into five groups (n=30 each):Tramadol group (T);large dose sufentanil combined small dose tramadol group (TS1 );balanced tramadol and sufentani group (TS2 );small dose sufentanil combied large dose tramadol group (TS3);sufentanil group (S).Postoprative VAS scores were recorded respectively at 1,4,8, 12,24,36,48 h when be in quiet and turning 90 degree,Ramsay sedation score,analgesia pump pressing times and side effects were also recorded.Results VAS scores in group TS2,group TS3 and group S at each time point both be in quiet and turning 90 degree were significantly lower than that of group T and group TS1 (P <0.05).Group S sedation score significantly higher than group T (P <0.05).No significant difference in other groups.Conclusion Balanced tramadol and sufentanil group has best analgesic effect and least side effects.With the increasing doses of sufentanil,its analgesic effect was not obvious enhancement.

Objective To evaluate the reference value of NGAL in sepsis patients with AKI to choose the timing of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)treatment.Methods 62 sepsis patients with AKI were enrolled in this study.Within 24 hours after the diagnosis,the patients'urine samples were collected,the urinary NGAL levels were measured by ELISA.At the same time,the clinical parameters were collected,such as serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen,blood leukocytes,etc.Depending on whether patients need to receive CRRT,the patients were divided into sepsis CRRT group and septic non CRRT group,the clinical data of the two groups were compared.ROC analysis was performed to evaluate the reference value of NGAL in sepsis patients with AKI to choose the timing of CRRT treatment.Results Total 62 sepsis patients with AKI were enrolled in this study.Ultimately,27 patients received CRRT treatment.Within 24 hours after the diagnosis,the clinical parameters of the two groups,such as serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen and blood leukocytes showed no significant differences (all P >0.05);but the urinary NGAL level of sepsis CRRT group[(7.9 ±2.5)pg·mL -1 ·cr -1 ]was significantly higher than sepsis non CRRT group[(4.1 ±1.3)pg·mL -1 ·cr -1 ](t =12.912,P <0.01).ROC analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC)for the value of NGAL in sepsis patients with AKI to choose the timing of CRRT treatment was 0.892(95%CI:0.775 ~0.898,P <0.01).Conclusion Urinary NGAL has a certain reference value in sepsis patients with AKI to choose the timing of CRRT treatment,could contribute to early intervention CRRT treatment.