In pursuit of the industrialization of Chinese herbal extracts on international market, its traditional background, status of production, modernization of extraction process, governmental administration and policies, future prospects and significance of maintenance public health were discussed

Objective To study effect of general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia on analgesia and microcirculation in patients undergoing total hysterectomy. Methods 92 patients of total hysterectomy who received therapy were selected, according to random number table,those patients were divided into the observation group (n=42) and the control group (n=48),the observation group received general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia, the control group were only given general anesthesia.The operation condition, hemodynamics and stress response before anesthesia(T0), at tracheal intubation(T1), after pneumoperitoneum 10min(T2), after surgery(T3), at extubation(T4) were compared,and postoperative pain (VAS) score was compared. Results There was no significant difference in operation time and fluid volume between the two groups. In the control group,the levels of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) at the time of T1, T2, T3 were significantly increased(P<0.05), the levels of MAP and HR at the time of T1,T2,T3 in the observation group were lower than the control group(P<0.05). The cortisol (Cor), epinephrine (E), norepinephrine (NE) at the time of T1,T2,T3,T4 in the observation group were lower than the control group(P<0.05). Two groups of patients in the postoperative 12h, 6h, the VAS scores in the resting state and cough state were higher than the postoperative 1h(P<0.05),but the scores in the observation group were lower than the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion General anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia is well for total hysterectomy,which can maintain hemodynamic stability during surgery, relieve stress reaction, alleviate postoperative pain, it is worthy of application and promotion.

0.05).The urethral catheter was indwelled for a mean of 2.5 days(2-4 days).Follow-up examinations were conducted for 5-24 months(mean,17 months).At the first postoperative month,the IPSS and maximum urinary flow were 6.7?2.4 and 16.3?6.1 ml/s,respectively,both of which were significantly improved as compared with preoperative values(t=8.975 and 7.325,P

Objective To investigate the difference between the self-evaluation of patients with dental and facial esthetics in skeletal malocclusion and normal persons.Methods The subjects were divided into three groups:62 patients with skeletal Class Ⅱ,84 patients with skeletal Class Ⅲ,as well as 130 persons in control group.There was no obvious difference in gender and age among the three groups.Happiness with dental and facial appearance was assessed using questionnaires.Analysis of variance,linear regression and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.Results Skeletal malocclusion patients were less happy with their dental appearance than control group.Class Ⅱ patients and women had lower happiness scores for their dental appearance.Among skeletal malocclusion patients,the shape (44.5 ％) and prominence of their teeth (17.8 ％) were the most frequent causes of concern.Older subjects,women,and skeletal malocclusion patients were less happy with their facial appearance.Most of them were dissatisfied with the facial appearance focused on the chin (53 ％),facial contours (37 ％),and the position of the teeth when smiling (33 ％).A greater proportion of Class Ⅲ subjects than Class Ⅱ subjects wished to change their appearance.Conclusions The findings indicate that women and skeletal malocclusion patients have lower levels of happiness with their dentofacial appearance.Although Class Ⅱ patients exhibit the lowest levels of happiness with their dental appearance,there is some evidence that concerns and awareness about their facial profile are more pronounced among the Class Ⅲ patients.

Objective:To investigate involvement of the Ras/Erk signal pathway in activation of human ??T cells stimulated by Mycobacterium tuberculosis low molecular peptide antigen(Mtb-Ag).Methods:PBMC were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy subjects and simulated in vitro with Mtb-Ag,CD3mAb or PMA and inomysin(IM).CD69 expression of total T cells and ??T cells were measured by flow cytometry at different hours after stimulation, and the number of expanded ??T cells were counted after 10 days of culture. PD98059,a specific inhibitor for Erk pathway was used to treat PBMC for 30 min before stimulation.Results:The proportions of CD69 expressing cells in total T cells and ??T cells were same as 99% at 6 h after stimulation of PBMC with PMA +IM and similar about 55% at 24 h after stimulation with CD3 mAb,whereas those at 24 h stimulation of PBMC with Mtb-Ag were 75.2% and 16.0%,respectively.CD69 expression and proliferation of ??T cells activated by Mtb-Ag were markedly inhibited by pretreatment of PBMC with PD98059.Conclusion:Mtb-Ag is a specific stimulator for activation of ??T cells, and Ras/Erk signal transduction pathway involves in the activation of ??T cells.

Objective To present the diagnosis and treatment of functional bladder outlet obstruction and to assess the results of transurethral bladder neck incision and alpha-blockers with regard to symptoms and urodynamic findings. Methods From October 1995 to October 2002,39 male patients (age range from 24 to 48 years,with a mean of 37 years) who had dysuria and underwent urodynamic examination,cystourethrography and urethral exploration were diagnosed with functional bladder outlet obstruction.The mean IPSS was 22.5.The mean maximum urinary flow rate was 10.2 ml/s and the mean residual volume was 124 ml.All the patients were treated with transurethral incision of bladder neck and alpha blockers. Results The mean operative duration was 15 min;mean blood loss was 50 ml;mean postoperative hospital stay was 3.5 d.During 1-year follow-up,most of the patients were satisfied with the treatment results.Subjective assessment showed a statistically significant reduction of the voiding complaints.The mean IPSS was 10.1 .The mean maximum urinary flow rate was 22.1 ml/s (range,12.7 to 42.1 ml/s) and the mean residual volume was 49 ml (range,0 to 84 ml). Conclusions Urodynamic examination,voiding cystourethrography and urethral exploration with dilator facilitate the diagnosis of functional bladder outlet obstruction.Treatments with transurethral incision of the bladder neck and alpha-blockers are effective and safe for functional bladder outlet obstruction.

0.05), but there is great difference in contamination degrees among different public buildings(P

Objective To investigate the clinical and epidemiological characteristics in 55 patients with Acute Viral Diarrhea caused by Norovirus.And provide basis for preventing and controlling the spread of the disease.Methods A total of 5 1 3 fe-cal samples of diarrhea cases from 3 surveillance hospitals in 2013 from January to December were collected,analyzed the clinical date and detected Norovirus useing RT-PCR.Results The number of Norovirus positive was 55,positive rate was 10.7%.There were significant differences between Norovirus infection and not infected patients for age (χ2=4.27,P<0.05),then there were no significant differences between Norovirus infection and not infected patients for gender,employ-ment,whether food pathogenic diseases (χ2=0.086~3.21,P>0.05).The clinical symptoms of acute gastroenteritis pa-tients caused by Norovirus infection was fever (χ2=4.6,P<0.05),there were no significant differences for diarrhea (≥5 times/day),bellgache,vomiting,nausea (χ2=0.139~3.636,P>0.05).Conclusion Norovirus is common pathogens of a-cute diarrhoea,which incidence is higher.Clinical symptoms alone is difficult to differentiate with other diarrheaphases.The confirmed diagnosis is depended on the etiology.

Objective To study the therapeutic mechanism of Polygonum cuspidatum extract on the gouty arthritis induced by monosodium urate (MSU). Method Acute gouty arthritis rats model was induced by MSU. Twelve hours after modeling,the positive expression area and integral optical density of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and nuclear factor-?B p65 protein (NF-?Bp65) in synovial membrane were observed by immunohistochemical assay. The effect of Polygonum cuspidatum extract on ICAM-1 and NF-?Bp65 was observed. Results There existed less expression of ICAM-1 and NF-?B p65 protein on synovial membrane in the normal group,and their expression was much increased in the model group. Polygonum cuspidatum extract in the dose of 360 mg/kg significantly reduced the positive expression area and integral optical density of ICAM-1 and NF-?Bp65 protein. Conclusion Polygonum cuspidatum extract can inhibit the abnormal expression and activation of ICAM-1 and NF-?Bp65 in synovial tissue,which may be an important therapeutic and preventive mechanism for gouty arthritis.

Objective To summarize the long term effect of the whole-breast external beam radiation therapy after breast conserving surgery coupled with brachytherapy or local electronic boost radiation. Methods The survival rate and cosmetic results were retrospectively analyzed for 96 patients with early stage breast cancer received breast conserving surgery and hormone therapy from January 1995 to December 2003 in Yunnan Tumor Hospital. The enrolled conditions included single lesion, tumor maximum diameter ≤ 3cm, microscopically negative surgical margin, negative axillary lymph node dissection, and pathological type of invasive ductal carcinoma. 53 cases with comprehensive follow-up data were selected. Among them, 23 cases were treated with whole breast tangent conventional fractionated irradiation: 46-50 G/23-25 fractions, local tumor bedarea with high dose-rate brachytherapy: 8-10 Gy/1-2 fractions in postoperative,and 30 cases in control group were treated with electron beam irradiation of 10 Gy/5 fractions. The efficacy and cosmetic results were observed in every three months within two years,in every six months from three to five years, and in every year five years later. Results All the patients were followed up for 217 months (average follow-up 165 months), of which 2 patients died of distant metastasis 62 months and 158 months later after treatment. The excellent cosmetic result was more than 78%, and no local recurrence was observed in the group. The 3-,5-,10-and 15-years survival rates were 100%,100%,95.7%and 88.3%,respectively. In control group,3 patients were died of distant metastasis 46 months,97 months and 87 months later after treatment,also with excellent cosmetic results. There was only one case of local recurrence,and the local control rate was 97.0%. The 3-,5-,10-and 15-years survival rates were 100%,96.7%,93.6%and 82.3%, respectively. There was no significant difference in local recurrence and survival rates between the two groups ( >0.05) . Conclusion Both radiation brachytherapy and electronic boost have the same effect and good cosmetic results. The radiation brachytherapy shows a high quality of life and a short treatment time.