Objective To evaluate the effect of inhaling Ipratropium bromide to patients with chronic obstructive pulmo- nary disease(COPD)on resting pulmonary function,ventilation and exercise capacity during exercise.Methods All 12 stable patients were diagnosed as COPD.Before and after inhaling single-dose lpratropium bromideis,resting pul- monary function and Symptom-limited progressive cycle ergometer exercise tests were proceed.Results No obvious change in resting pulmouary function after inhaling Ipratropium bromide solution of four times the standard dose,but the maximal rate of work,maximal oxygen uptake,the maximal volume of ventilation per minute and the maximal ratio of tidal volume to inspiratory capacity increase significantly.The maximal dead space/tidal volume ratio and the maximal ventilatory equivalent for CO_2 have no change.There is a significant correlation between the amount of the maximal ratio of tidal volume to inspiratory capacity improved and amount of maximal oxygen uptake improved(r=0.598,P

Object The influence of producing area and plant age on oxymatrine levels in the dried root of Sophora flavescens Ait. has been investigated to provide useful information to optimize the areas for mass scale propagation, proper management and species conservation. Methods The oxymatrine was quantified by HPLC and various statistical treatments were carried out following SPSS 9.0 and Microsoft Excel. Results The oxymatrine concentrations in the root samples collected from 17 provinces and regions differed from 0.494% to 4.127% and the maximum oxymatrine content (3.493%) was recorded in the root sample collected from Heilongjiang Province. Analysis of variance indicates a highly significant difference in the oxymatrine content of roots collected from different provinces, and the samples from the cold arid northern high-latitude areas had higher oxymatrine than those from warm humid southern low-latitude areas in the mainland China. Plant age is positively related to the total root biomass and oxymatrine content. Conclusion The oxymatrine content in the roots of S. flavescens is quite different between different areas and plant ages. The S. flavescens growing in the cold arid northern high-latitude areas had higher oxymatrine concentration.

Objective To study the role of survivin in the incidence of pulmonary hypertension secondary to congenital heart disease (CHD) of left-to-right shunt. Methods Forty-nine cases were divided into 4 groups according to mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), that is, non-hypertension group, mild hypertension group, medium hypertension group, and severe hypertension group. Their lung tissue samples were collected during heart surgery. TUNEL technique and immunohistochemical analysis were respectively used to detect nuclear DNA fragment of apoptotic cells and the expression of survivin, bcl-2 and bax. Western blotting also was conducted to detect survivin expression. Results The pulmonary wall of CHD patients with medium or severe pulmonary hypertension became significant incrassate. The apoptotic index and expression level of bax were significantly decreased but surviving and bcl-2 expressions were significantly increased in CHD with medium or severe pulmonary hypertension. Survivin expression was significant correlation with percentage media wall thickness and apoptotic index. Conclusion Apoptosis associated with survivin plays an important role in pulmonary artery remodeling after pulmonary hypertension of CHD.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) combined with cisplatin for patients with carcinoma of cervix.Methods One hundred patients with carcinoma of cervix were randomly divided into 2 equal groups to undergo IMRT only (IMRT group)and IMRT combined group (IMRT with cisplatin chemotherapy group),with 50 cases in each.Both groups were treated with external intensity modulated radiotherapy,with the total dose of 50 Gy,2 Gy/fraetion,25 fractions in total,and 5 times/week.Two weeks later,internal radiotherapy followed,with the total dose of 42-48 Gy,1 time/week with 6-8 times and 6-7 Gy/fraction.When the internal radiotherapy began,the external radiotherapy stopped immediately.The combination group was treated concurrently with cisplatin given by intravenous drip once a week,at the dose of 30-40 mg/m2 body surface area for 4-5 weeks,and with total cisplatin dosage of 50-65 mg.Follow-up was conducted for 18 months(3-60 months).The 1-,3-,and 5-year survival rates,local control rate,distant metastasis rate,and disease-free survival rate,blood test,rectum,and bladder were observed.Results The 1-year survival rate,local control rate,distant metastasis rate,and disease-free survival rate did not differ significantly between these 2 groups,however,the 3-and 5-year survival rates,local control rates,distant metastasis rates and disease-free survival rates of the combination group were all significantly better than those of the IMRT group (x2 =3.843,4.336,4.336,4.960,P ＜ 0.05 ; x2 =3.934,4.454,4.000,4.244,P ＜0.05).The incidence rates of radiation proctitis and leukopenia of the combination group were significantly higher than those of the IMRT only group (x2 =4.110,4.320,P ＜ 0.05),whereas the incidence rates of cystitis,anemia,and thrombocytopenia were not significantly different between these 2 groups.No serious grade 3-4 proctitis and cystitis were observed in these 2 groups.Conclusions The IMRT combined with cisplatin chemotherapy shows higher 3-year and 5-year long-term efficacy in the patients with carcinoma of cervix than IMRT only group.

In this report, the biological activity of the recombinant Arresten expressed in Nicotiana tabacum was studied. The gene coding for the tumor angiogenesis inhibitor Arresten was PCR-amplified from the plasmid pCA and its plant expression vector named pCAMBIAarr was constructed by inserting the Arresten cDNA fragment into the NcoI/BstEII sites of the plant binary expression vector pCAMBIA1301. Then pCAMBIAarr was transferred into Agrobacterium tumefacien LBA4404 by the freeze-thaw method. The adventitious shoots and regenerated plants of Nicotiana tabacum with hygromycinB-resistance were obtained via Agrobacterium-mediated leaf disk transformation method. Southern hybridization, RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis showed that the Arresten cDNA was integrated into the genome of some of the regenerated plants and the recombinant Arresten was expressed with a molecular size of 26 kD. Recombinant Arresten purified from transgenic tobacco leaves had an anti-proliferative effect on bovine endothelial cells. We speculate that biologically active recombinant Arresten can be produced by using plants as bioreactors.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens ; genetics ; Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Collagen Type IV ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; genetics ; metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Tobacco ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transformation, Genetic

Maximum Allowable Concentration ; Occupational Exposure

Objective To study the significance and value of imaging typing by analyzing the correlation between contrast-enhanced ultrasound perfusion imaging typing and vascularization in patients with primary hepatocellular cancer.Methods The early enhanced arterial phase reflecting angioarchitecture,and the size and edge of enhanced tumor closely related to microvessel distribution, position and density, were observed and analyzed in 89 patients (113 lesions).All the cases were pathologically proved, and some received immunohistochemisty staining and the microvessel density were recorded.Results The perfusion imagings were classified into 4 types according to changes on contrast-enhanced ultrasound,dendritic,mixed,circular and net-like type.Atypia vessels were commonly seen in dendritic type,and Ⅲ and Ⅳ accounted for 79.1%.The microvessel density was higher than the other types.The circular type was relatively regular and Ⅲ and Ⅳ accounted for 12.5%.The microvessel density was lower than the other types.Combined with the contrast-enhanced ultrasound perfusion imaging and compared with pathological grading,growing methods and microvessel density, the dendritic type was characterized by infiltrative growth, and had strong invasion tendency.The circular type was characterized by expansive growth.And the other two types were characterized by transitional type.Conclusions Contrast-enhanced ultrasound can reflect the angioarchiteeture, the microvessel density and the position,and it is related to the pathological grading and growing methods.

A qualitative analytical method of liquid chromatography coupled with ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-IT-TOF/MS) was developed for identification of major constituents in propolis from China (Shandong).The LC-IT-TOF-MS was performed on a Shim-pack VP-ODS column (2.0 mm× 150 mm,5 μm) with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water containing 0.2％ formic acid in gradient mode,and the flow rate was set at 0.3 mL/min.Negative ion mode was used for IT-TOF-MS.According to the accurate molecular weight,MS fragment pathway,comparison with the retention time of reference compounds,total 31 compounds,including twenty-five phenolic acids and six flavonoids were identified.The LC-IT-TOF-MS qualitative analysis method can be used for analyzing major components of propolis quickly and accurately.

Locoweeds are presently defined as those species of the genera Oxytropis and Astragalus (family Leguminosae) that specifically contain the key toxic constituent,swainsonine.After ingesting locoweeds,livestock can develop poisoning disease characterized by chronic dysfunction of the nervous system,which causes severe economic losses to the pastoral areas.In addition,swainsonine has attracted a great attention from toxicology and medicine fields,due to its dual role of toxicity and pharmacological activity.This review not only summarizes the latest research progress of toxicity and its poisoning mechanism,pharmacological activity,source,and biosynthesis pathway of swainsonine,but also speculates the possible regulatory enzymes involved in the synthesis pathway.Moreover,the future research on swainsonine is also looked ahead,which provide references for the prevention and treatment of locoism.