The use of high flow nasal cannula(HFNC) therapy as a noninvasive respiratory support approach for preterm infants is rapidly increasing.HFNC is an alternative to nasal continuous positive airway pressure(nCPAP) for treating apnea of prematurity,primary respiratory support for neonates with respiratory distress,post-extubation support,facilitating nCPAP weaning in preterm infants.In this article,the proposed mechanisms of HFNC and the evidence from clinical trials of HFNC use in preterm infants were reviewed,and recommendations for evidence-based practice were established.

[Objective] To observe the effect of Zhuyun Decoction on immune sterility rats.[Method] Set up groups of normal saline,model,Zhuyun Decoction and prednisone,make models of every group by injecting subcutaneously suspension of sperm and Fu's adjuvant,etc.into female SD rats along the groin,NS into normal saline group.After 4 weeks,the groups of normal saline and model take NS,Zhuyun Decoction for Zhuyun Decoction group,prednisone for prednisone group.After 2 weeks,they are closed together with male ones.Before the first immune and 1 week after strengthened immune,take blood and measure AsAb with ELISA method,measure the immune integral of IgG and IgA in uterus tunica intima with SABC method;meanwhile,compare the pregnant rats and average nidation points in all groups.[Result] In the Zhuyun Decoction group,the pregnant rats and nidation points are much more that other groups;Zhuyun Decoction can reduce IgG and IgA integral in uterus tunica intima.[Conslusion] Zhuyun Decoction has definite effect on immune sterility rats,whose mechanism may be related with regulation of IgG and IgA integral in uterus tunica intima.

Objective To explore the effect of Yiqi-jianpi-jiedu recipe decoction containing serum on Oxaliplatin-induced HepG2 Human hepatoma cell survivin, caspase-3, caspase-9 expression. Methods The serum pharmacological method was used to prepare nourishing Qi and invigorating spleen decoction containing serum of rat. The HepG2 human hepatoma cells were divided into Chinese herb containing serum group, chemotherapy with Oxaliplatin (OXA) group and the combination group (medicine containing serum and OXA), and the blank group without drugs. Apply MTT assay, Western Blotting method and RT-PCR method to detect the cell inhibition rate and survivin, caspase-3, caspase-9 protein and gene expression changes. Results Compared with the blank group, the inhibition rate of HepG2 Human hepatoma cell was significantly higher in Chinese herb containing serum group, chemotherapy group and the combination group (P < 0.05). Compared with thechemotherapy group and Chinese herb containing serum group, the Survivin (0.151 ± 0.054 vs. 0.288 ± 0.089, 0.375 ± 0.063) and the expression of Survivin mRNA (0.205 ± 0.091 vs. 0.487 ± 0.073, 0.725 ± 0.092) of the conbination group downgraded significantly lower (P < 0.05 or P< 0.01). Compared with chemotherapy group and Chinese herb containing serum group, the caspase-3 (0.821 ± 0.079 vs. 0.634 ± 0.098, 0.487 ± 0.102), caspase-9 (0.901 ± 0.047 vs. 0.709 ± 0.054, 0.402 ± 0.012) expression, caspase-3 mRNA (1.928 ± 0.226 vs. 1.564 ± 0.195, 1.287 ± 0.312) and caspase-9 mRNA (2.063 ± 0.517 vs. 1.536 ± 0.084, 1.019 ± 0.182) expression of the conbination group upgraded significantly higher (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Conclusions Nourishing-Qi and invigorating spleen decoction containing serum may affect Oxaliplatin-induced HepG2 apoptosis mechanism through increasing the suppression on Survivin and promoting the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-9 protein and genes. This research provided important experimental basis for clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine treating liver cancer.

Objective To establish a Ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) chromatographic method for Xiefei-Pingchuanling extract, and to analyze the main components of its water extract. Methods The UPLC-MS was adopted with acetonitrile -0.2% formic acid aqueous solution (gradient elution) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, detection wave length at 254 nm, and column temperature was 30 ℃. Results Eighteen components were separated from Xiefei-Pingchuanling extract, and eight ingredients were identified, such as the ephedrine, pseudoephedrine hydrochloride, salvianolic acidB, rhein, aloeemodin, chrysophanol, physcionwere. Conclusions The UPLC-MS chromatographic method has the specialty of stability and repeatability, and it is suitable for analysis of Xiefei-Pingchuanling extract.

Objective To explore the clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of neonatal necrotizing pneumonia. Methods The clinical data of two cases of neonatal necrotizing pneumonia were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of neonatal necrotizing pneumonia in literatures were summarized. Results Two cases were diagnosed of community-acquired Staphylococcus aureus necrotizing pneumonia and had the onset with fever. The chest X-ray showed exudative change with cystic shadow. The chest CT showed multiple cavity changes. The sputum and blood cultures were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Both of them were effectively treated by vancomycin. The imaging was improved during the follow-up. Searching the database, 4 related literatures were being found, and there were totally 7 cases of neonatal necrotizing pneumonia including current 2 cases. The main features were as follows: The pathogenic bacteria in all cases include Staphylococcus aureus. One case was combined with pseudomonas aeruginosa. Six cases were community-acquired infections. All of them were non-immune deficiency newborn. Six cases were primary necrotizing pneumonia. Six cases were unilateral lung involvement. Five cases got fever, 5 cases had septicemia, 3 cases had pleural effusion, 2 cases had aerothorax, one case had bronchial chest and 2 cases had extrapulmonary infection. The C-reactive protein was increased in all cases. Three cases need mechanical ventilation. Six cases had a good prognosis. Conclusions The main pathogenic bacterium in neonatal necrotizing pneumonia was Staphylococcus aureus. The diagnosis was mainly depends on the typical imaging and pathogenic examination. The treatment is mainly the use of antibiotic for gram positive cocci.

Objective To compare the clinical characteristics and the outcomes of severe hyperlipidemic pancreatitis (SHLP) and severe acute gallstone pancreatitis (SAGP).Methods The clinical data of 22 patients with SHLP and 91 patients with SAGP admitted from January 2009 to December 2015 were retrospectively reviewed.The clinical manifestations,laboratory tests,organ dysfunction,medical treatment,complications and outcomes in 30 d after admission were analyzed and compared between two groups of patients.Results There were 16 males and 6 females with a mean age of (60.5 ± 9.1) years in SHLP group;while 32 males and 59 females with a mean age of (54.3 ± 5.4) years in SAGP group.The blood and urine amylase levels in SHLP group were significantly lower than those in SAGP group [(715 ±99) U/L vs.(1 551 ± 107) U/L,t =4.65,P =0.00;(382 ±56) U/L vs.(773 ± 66) U/L,t =4.52,P =0.00,respectively].The incidence of circulation insufficiency,respiratory insufficiency,renal dysfunction,and long-term puhnonary infection in SHAP patients was significantly higher than that in SAGP patients [36 ％ (8/22) vs.14 ％ (13/91),x2 =5.22,P =0.01;41％ (9/22) vs.7 ％ (6/91),x2 =9.46,P =0.01;23％(51/22) vs.5％ (5/91),x2 =4.20,P=0.03;55％(12/22) vs.32％ (29/91),x2 =7.02,P =0.01].Two cases died in the SHLP group and 9 cases died in SAGP group due to critical infection,cardiac events and bleeding.Conclusion Compared to SAGP patients,the blood and urine amylase levels are usually not remarkably high in SHLP patients,and the prevention and management of multi-organ failure and lung infection are more important for SHLP patients.

To evaluate the effect of Vitamin E on mitoc bond rial function of cold exposed rats male weaning rats were divided randomly into three groups. The group A was supplemented with 30 mg ?-tocopherol and 15?g sodium selenite per 100gm basal diet. The group B and C were fed basal diet on- ly. The group A and B were kept at the cold room (-2?1℃) and the group C kept at room temperature. Liver mitochondria were isolated for measurement of its respiratory function. Succinate was utilized as substrates of oxidative phosphorylation. Respiration rates of state 3 oxygen uptake and therefore ATP synthesis were found to increase with Vitamin E supplemented diet. Significantly less decline of ADP/O ratios and RCR was observed for group A than that of group B. These results suggest that Vitamin E has the effect of maintaining the physiological intactness of mitochondria of the cold exposed rats, and therefore may enhance the metabolic conservation of energy with the consequence of increasing the ability of cold tolerance of the cold exposed animals.

Triterpenes, which have large application potential in the treatment of cancer, are the main active components of genuine medicinal material Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep. Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) is one of the important rate-limiting enzymes in the synthetic pathway of triterpenes. In this study the FPPS full length cDNA of the A. orientale, was cloned via homology-based cloning approach and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full length of the FPPS cDNA was 1 531 bp (accession no. HQ724508), which contained a full 1 032 bp ORF that encoded 343 amino acids. The deduced protein sequence exhibited five conserved motifs, two of which is riched of Asp (DDXXD). The result of real-time quantitative PCR (QRT-PCR) showed that FPPS gene was expressed in different organs of A. orientale. The expression increased from October to the first ten-day period of December, and then decreased. The FPPS gene expression was higher in leaves but lower in leafstalk, tuber and root. HPLC analysis of active components 23-acetyl-alismol B of A. orientale. during different periods indicated that its change trend should be consistent with FPPS gene expression. It can be primarily deduced that FPPS gene should be an important control point in the synthetic pathway of Alisma terpenes. This study may facilitate the quality of medicinal plants through gene engineering in the future.

Objective To discuss the experiences of management of female duplicated kidney with urinary incontinence. Methods The clinical data of 25 cases with duplicated kidney with urinary incontinence were retrospectively analyzed. They were all female, age ranged from 2 to 12 years old, averaging 7. Fifteen cases were with right side lesions, 10 with left side. The main complaint was urinary incontinence and itching of pudendum. The diagnosis was set up by physical examinations and imaging methods. Results Twenty-five cases reported continent after operation. For the patients taken ureteral replant, the upper kidney function kept or recovered during follow-up. Conclusions Sonography, IVU, and MRU play an important part in the diagnosis of duplicated kidney with urinary incontinence. Operation is the key treatment for this disease.