With advances in arthroscopic surgery, arthroscopic repair for rotator cuff tears is often used by surgeons. Surgi?cal methods have already developed from simple single?row fixation and double?row fixation to complicated suture?bridge fixation. Although arthroscopic suture?bridge rotator cuff repair has been proposed to be advantageous over single?row and double?row fixa?tion in biomechanical constructs, the failure of rotator cuff repair is still higher. Different suture methods of medical row anchor in arthroscopic suture?bridge technique may change the suture?tendon loading and decrease the retear of suture?tendon. And differ?ent fixation methods of lateral row anchor in arthroscopic suture?bridge technique may decrease the anchor pull?out. These will be useful to decrease the failure of arthroscopic suture?bridge technique. There will be a good outcome if optical suture and fixation approach can be chosen according to the quality and retraction of rotator cuff, suture tension and the bone quality of the greater tu?berosity in arthroscopic suture?bridge technique.

Objective To systematically review the efficacy of arthroscopic distal clavicle resection (DCR) in repair of rotator cuff (RCR) with acromioclavicular arthritis.Methods The Cochrane Library,PubMed,Medline EMbase,CBM and WanFang Data were searched for studies up to May 2016 concerning the efficacy of arthroscopic distal clavicle resection in repair of rotator cuff with acromioclavicular arthritis.Two reviewers independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,extracted the data and assessed the methodological quality of the studies included.Next,meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 software to compare the efficacy between the patients undergoing arthroscopic DCR plus RCR and those undergoing simple arthroscopic RCR.The randomized control trails (RCT) and clinical control trials (CCT) included were evaluated according to Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Version 5.1.0) and Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies (MINORS),respectively.Results A total of 5 studies (3 RCTs and 2 CCTs) involving 465 patients were included.No statistically significant difference was found between the RCR and the DCR plus RCR patients in Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score,Constant score,American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score,shoulder range of motion (ROM),postoperative acromioclavicular pain or rotator cuff retear (P ＞ 0.05).The 3 RCTs showed moderate bias risk and the 2 CCTs scored 21 MINORS points.Conclusion Since current evidence shows no advantages of arthroscopic DCR over RCR in repair of rotator cuff with acromioclavicular arthritis in VAS score,Constant score,ASES score,shoulder ROM,postoperative acromioclavicular pain or rotator cuff retear,arthroscopic DCR should not be recommended for routine use in clinic.

Objective: To evaluate the short-term effect of thrombus aspiration catheters combining tiroifban medication for myocardial tissue reperfusion recovery in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Methods: A total of 105 STEMI patients with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in our hospital from 2011-05 to 2013-05 were studied, there were 73 male and 32 female with the mean age of (58.39 ± 10.37) years. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups, Group A, the patients received thrombus aspiration catheters with intravenous tiroifban, n=53 and Group B, the patients received tiroifban and PCI, n=52. The basic clinical features, myocardial tissue perfusion level, major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at post operative and in-hospital period were recorded, the cardiac function was examined by echocardiography at 6 months after PCI in both groups.
Results: The basic clinical features were similar between 2 groups. The thrombolysis in myocardial infarction trial (TIMI) 3 lfow rate was higher in Group A than that in Group B (92.45% vs 55.77%), P=0.000. TIMI 2 and TIMI 0~1 lfow rates were lower in Group A than that in Group B (7.55%vs 26.92%), P=0.008 and (0%vs 17.31%), P=0.002. The adjusted TIMI frame was lower in Group A (27.26±5.50) vs (38.98±5.42), P<0.001. The echocardiography at 6 months after PCI indicated that Group A had higher LVEF than that in Group B (0.55±0.06) vs (0.47±0.06), P<0.001;lower left ventricular end diastolic diameter (50.77±5.45) vs (54.76±5.34), P<0.001;less angina and target vessel revascularization (16.98%vs 40.38%), P=0.008 and (9.43%vs 17.31%), P=0.008. The incidence of MI, acute heart failure, cardiac death and non-target vessel revascularization were similar between 2 groups, P>0.05.
Conclusion:Thrombus aspiration catheters combining tiroifban medication may obviously improve the myocardial tissue reperfusion and the short-term cardiac function in STEMI patients after PCI, it could reduce the incidence of no-relfow without increasing MACE.

Objective To explore the clinical results of the arthroscopic acromioplasty in the rotator cuff repair.Methods Sixty-five patients (42 males and 23 females) to receive suture bridge repair under the arthroscopy between May 2012 and May 2014 were selected and randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group.The experimental group was given suture bridge repair with acromioplasty,while the control group underwent the suture bridge repair without acromioplasty.The time of operation was recorded.The range of motion (ROM) of the shoulder,the UCLA shoulder scoring system (ULCA) score,American orthopedic surgeon scoring system (ASES) score,the visual analogue scale (VAS) score and Constant score were observed 3 and 12 months after the operation.Results There were no significant differences in age,sex and the affected side between the two groups.Significant differences were found between the two groups in the duration of the operation (t=-18.5,P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in the ROM and the ULCA,ASES,VAS and constant scores of the shoulder 3 and 12 months after the operation.Conclusion No significant differences were found in the ROM and the shoulder function scoring between giving acromioplasty under the arthroscopy or not.However,the operation time of undergoing acromioplasty under the arthroscopy was longer.

Objective To compare arthroscopic double-pulley knotless suture bridge with conven tional arthroscopic suture bridge in repair of rotator cuff tear.Methods From May 2013 to May 2015,70patients with rotator cuff tear were repaired at our department.They were 38 males and 32 females,with a mean age of 53.7 years.They were randomized into 2 equal groups to receive repair either using arthroscopic double-pulley knotless suture bridge (the experimental group) or using conventional arthroscopic suture bridge (the control group).The 2 groups were compared postoperatively in terms of VAS (visual analogue scale),Constant,ASES (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons) and UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles) scores,shoulder range of motion,and rotator cuff retear.Results The 2 groups were compatible with no significant differences in gender,age,laterality,tear type,or preoperative function or range of motion of the shoulder joint (P ＞ 0.05).At 12 months postoperatively,the VAS,Constant,ASES and UCLA scores and shoulder range of motion in the experimental group were respectively 1.1 ± 1.3,86.0 ±8.9,13.3 ± 0.8,32.0 ± 2.9,156.8° ± 15.0° and 55.9° ± 5.8°,significantly improved than the preoperative values (P ＜0.05).At 12 months postoperatively,the VAS,Constant,ASES and UCLA scores and shoulder range of motion in the control group were respectively 1.3 ± 1.3,86.6 ±4.2,13.1 ± 1.0,31.1 ±2.6,153.3°±10.0° and 55.7° ± 5.1 °,significantly improved than the preoperative values (P ＜ 0.05).At 12 months postoperatively,there were no significant differences between the 2 groups in VAS,Constant,ASES or UCLA scores or shoulder range of motion (P ＞ O.05).No case of rotator cuff retear occurred in the experimental group while 5 cases were observed in the control group,showing a significant difference (0 versus 14.3％) (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Compared with conventional arthroscopic suture bridge,arthroscopic double-pulley knotless suture bridge presents no significant differences in range of motion or function of the shoulder joint in repair of rotator cuff tear.However,the latter may lead to a lower incidence of rotator cuff retear and,additionally,is less skillfully demanding.

Objective To evaluate the difference of Doumas′method and 15 commercial serum total protein ( TP ) methods based on EP9-A3.Methods Serum panels were quantified for TP with Doumas′method and measured in parallel with 15 commercial methods.The linear regression analyses were performed, followed by calculating relative deviation and 95%CI between commercial method and Doumas′method at three different medical decision levels (45 g/L, 60 g/L, 80 g/L).We also calculated relative deviation, 95% limit of agreement ( LoA ) and 95% CI based on classical and improved Bland-Altman method at three different medical decision levels.If both the relative deviation and 95%CI were within 5%, we conside red the commercial serum total protein method was comparable to Doumas′method.Results (1) All assays presented high correlation ( r>0.975, P<0.001) with the Doumas′method.All assays showed that the relative deviations and 95%CIs were within the biological total error goal (5%) at medical decision levels based on regression analysis.(2) Based on classical and improved Bland-Altman method, fourteen of 15 commercial methods showed that the relative deviations and 95%CIs were within +/-5%. Conclusions All commercial assays are comparable to Doumas′method at medical deviation levels.There is no difference between regression analysis and Bland-Altman method for comparison study.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of three-dimensional printing patient-specific instrumentation(PSI) versus conventional instrumentation(CI) in the total knee arthroplasty. Methods: According to "patient-specific" , "patient-matched" , "custom" , "Instrumentation" , "Guide Instrumentation" , "cutting blocks" , "total knee arthroplasty" , "total knee replacement" , "TKA" and "TKR" , the literature on PubMed, EMbase, Cochrane library, CBM and WanFang were searched. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the high quality randomized control trial (RCT) studies about three-dimensional (3D) printing patient-specific instrumentation versus conventional instrumentation in the total knee arthroplasty were collected. The post-operative limb mechanical axis outlier, the position of the components outlier, post-operative knee function, operative time, post-operative blood transfusion and complications were analyzed by RevMan 5.3 software. Results: A total of 13 high quality RCT studies were included. The results of Meta-analysis show that there were no statistical differences in the post-operative limb mechanical axis outlier(Z=0.55, P=0.58, 95% CI: 0.78 to 1.56), femoral coronal component outlier(Z=0.38, P=0.71, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.72), tibia coronal component outlier(Z=1.95, P=0.05, 95% CI: 1.00 to 3.38), femoral rotation angle outlier(Z=0.36, P=0.72, 95% CI: 0.49 to 1.64), post-operative knee function(Z=1.18, P=0.24, 95% CI: -0.66 to 2.63), post-operative blood transfusions(Z=0.74, P=0.46, 95% CI: -0.10 to 0.05) and complications(Z=0.18, P=0.86, 95%CI: -0.07 to 0.05) between the PSI group and the CI group. But there are statistical differences in the operation time(Z=2.66, P=0.01, 95% CI: -15.97 to -2.41)and tibia sagittal component outlier (Z=3.69, P=0.00, 95% CI: 1.43 to 3.18)between the PSI group and the CI group. Conclusions In the primary total knee arthroplasty the PSI is not superior over the CI for the knee without severe knee varus or valgus deformity or contracture deformity, without the deformity around the knee and without the knee bone loss and obesity. The use of PSI in the primary total knee arthroplasty are not recommend.

Objective To analyze the clinical effects of arthroscopic en masse repair with footprint ending shift using double-row suture-bridge technique for delaminated rotator cuff tears under tension.Methods A total of 58 patients with delaminated rotator cuff tears under tension from August 2013 to August 2016 who underwent arthroscopic en masse repair using doublerow suture-bridge technique were retrospectively analyzed.There were 33 males and 25 females with a mean age of 53.0±7.8 years (range 39-74) with 24 patients left side involved and 34 right side.They were divided into 2 groups to receive en masse repair either footprint ending shift or on the footprint.There were 28 patients with footprint ending shift and 30 patients on the footprint.Clinical effects were evaluated by University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) score,American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score,visual analogue scale (VAS),Constant-Murley score and shoulder range of motion at preoperatively and postoperatively.Results The average follow-up duration was 23.2±0.8 months (range 21-24).The two groups were compatible with no significant difference in age,gender,tear size,follow-up duration,preoperative function and range of motion of the shoulder joint (P＞0.05).At the last follow up,the UCLA,ASES,VAS,Constant-Murley scores and shoulder range of motion in the group footprint ending shift were respectively 32.4±2.5,12.8±0.9,1.0±1.1,93.4±5.6,158.3°±9.3°,58.9°±5.0° with significantly differences compared with preoperative scores (P ＜ 0.05).The postoperative value in the group on footprint were respectively 31.6±2.9,12.8±0.9,0.7 ± 1.2,91.3±7.1,156.1°± 10.7°,59.6°±4.6° with significantly differences compared with the preoperative scores (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant difference between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The operation duration in the group footprint ending shift was 100.9±6.0 min,while that in the group on footprint was 106.6±6.1 min.There was significantly difference in the operation duration between two groups (t=-3.600,P=0.001).Conclusion Arthroscopic en masse repair using double-row suture-bridge technique can successfully treat delaminated rotator cuff tears under tension.Compared with arthroscopic en masse repair on footprint using double-row suture-bridge technique,the footprint ending shift is easier and time saving without significant difference in function of the shoulder joint and the range of motion in repair of delaminated rotator cuff tear under tension.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of arthroscopic bursal layer-only double-row suture-bridge repair for delaminated rotator cuff tear which is difficult to reposit in comparison with separate double-layer repair and whole-layer repair.Methods From May 2013 through June 2016,82 patients with delaminated rotator cuff tear difficult to reposit were treated at Department of Joint Surgery,The Affiliate Hospital to Chengde Medical University.They were 47 males and 35 females with a mean age of 53.0 ± 7.9 years.They were divided into 3 groups according to their surgical procedures.In group A,28 cases were treated by arthroscopic whole-layer double-row suture-bridge procedure;in group B,29 cases were treated by arthroscopic separate double-layer double-row suture-bridge procedure;in group C,25 cases were treated by arthroscopic bursal layer-only double-row suture-bridge procedure.The 3 groups were compared in terms of University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) score,American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score,visual analogue scale (VAS),Constant shoulder score,range of motion of shoulder joint and rotator cuff retear preoperatively and postoperatively.Results The patients in the 3 groups were comparable because their preoperative general data showed no significant significances (P ＞ 0.05).The operation time for groups A,B and C was respectively 105.5 ±5.6 min,117.4 ±6.9 min and 88.0 ±4.2 min,showing significant differences between the 3 groups (P ＜ 0.05).The 82 patients were followed up for 21 to 24 months (average,23.3 months).At 24 months postoperatively,UCLA,ASES,VAS,Constant score,shoulder anteflexion and lateral extorsion were respectively 32.4 ± 2.5,12.8 ± 0.9,1.0 ± 1.1,93.4 ± 5.6,158.3° ± 9.3°and 58.9°±5.0°in group A,32.2±2.5,12.9±1.0,0.9±1.0,92.8±6.0,156.4°±9.5°and 59.3°± 5.6° in groups B,and32.4±2.4,12.9±0.9,0.7±0.9,94.3±5.2,156.0°±9.5°and57.6°°5.4°in group C,showing no significant differences between the 3 groups (P ＞ 0.05).The occurrence of rotator cuff retear in groups A,B and C were respectively 17.9％ (5/28),13.8％ (4/29) and 12.0％ (3/25),showing no significant differences between the 3 groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions In repair of delaminated rotator cuff tear difficult to reposit,although the arthroscopic bursal layer-only double-row suture-bridge repair is similar to conventional arthroscopic whole-layer double-row suture-bridge repair and arthroscopic separate double-layer double-row suture-bridge repair in functional recovery and range of motion of the shoulder and incidence of rotator cuff retear,it can reduce obviously operation time and make the operation easier.

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system, an RNA-guided DNA targeting technology, is triggering a revolution in the field of biology. CRISPR/Cas9 has demonstrated great potential for genetic manipulation. In this review, we discuss the current development of CRISPR/Cas9 technologies for therapeutic applications, especially chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell-based adoptive immunotherapy. Different methods used to facilitate efficient CRISPR delivery and gene editing in T cells are compared. The potential of genetic manipulation using CRISPR/Cas9 system to generate universal CAR T cells and potent T cells that are resistant to exhaustion and inhibition is explored. We also address the safety concerns associated with the use of CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing and provide potential solutions and future directions of CRISPR application in the field of CAR T cell immunotherapy. As an integration-free gene insertion method, CRISPR/Cas9 holds great promise as an efficient gene knock-in platform. Given the tremendous progress that has been made in the past few years, we believe that the CRISPR/Cas9 technology holds immense promise for advancing immunotherapy.
Animals ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats ; immunology ; Gene Editing ; methods ; Humans ; Immunotherapy ; methods ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell ; genetics ; immunology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; immunology