In the process of pathology teaching,the teacher can apply various methodologies and techniques to form student-oriented situation,to raise their interest in this discipline,to have the students actively involved in this learning process.In this way,the students become the subjects of the class so that the quality of pathology teaching can be improved.

Various teaching methods can be applied comprehensively to the teaching of oral histopathology. The authors make a probe into the function and significance of flexible introduction of such means as enlightened approach to teaching,metaphorical teaching method,multimedia teaching method. The paper insists that these methods will bring many benefits in that they will help to promote students’autonomous learning,stimulate their thinking,cultivate their competence for observation and analysis,broaden their vision,and consequently improve the teaching quality.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; China ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; Mongolia ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Objective To investigate the association between elevated levels of hsCRP and prognosis after stroke in Chinese patients.Methods Two hundred and ninety consecutive patients with firstonset stroke(197 ischemic and 93 hemorrhagic)and 290 age-and sex-matched control subjects without any cerebrovascular disease were studied.Plasma hsCRP level was measured and subsequent vascular events and death were determined in both groups over a 5-year period.Results Compared to control group,patients with stroke had higher plasma hsCRP level((3.3 ±3.8)vs(1.3±2.2)mg/L,t=8.048,P<0.01).Furthermore.within the group of patients with stroke,the mean plasma hsCRP level was higher in patients who experienced subsequent vascular events or death compared to patients without further complications ((4.4±4.3)vs(2.7±3.3)mg/L,t=3.496,P=0.001).Compared to the patients with lower hsCRP level(<1 mg/L),the relative risk for vascular events and death in stroke patients was 2.807(95%CI 1.544-5.495,P=0.001)in the hish hsCRP(>3 mg/L)patients.This increase of relative risk for vascular events and death in stroke patients persisted after the adjustment for age,sex and other cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension and diabetes(OR 2.661,95%CI 1.323-5.352.P=0.006).Conclusions Patients presenting with stroke have higher levels of hsCRP compared to agematched controls.The degree of hsCRP elevation is correlated with the likelihood of subsequent VasCular events and death.These findings indicate that inerease of hsCRP level is associated with worsening prognosis after stroke in Chinese patients.

Objective To analyze the incidence and risk factors of de novo malignant tumors in renal transplant recipients. Methods Clinical data of 1 549 renal transplant recipients were retrospectively analyzed, including the basic status, pathological type and incidence rate of patients with de novo malignant tumors after renal transplantation. The survival situation of these patiensts was assessed. And the risk factors of de novo malignant tumors after renal transplantation were identified. Results The incidence rate of de novo malignant tumors in renal transplant recipients was 3.03%(47/1 549). The 47 recipients were (48±12) years old when undergoing renal transplantation, and they were (55±12) years old when diagnosed malignant tumors. The time interval between transplantation and diagnosis was 66 (36, 100) months. Among the de novo malignant tumors, colorectal cancer was the most common, with a cumulative incidence rate (CIR) of 0.58%. The survival time of 47 recipients with de novo malignant tumors after renal transplantation was 59 (2, 135) months, and the 5-year survival rate was 50%. The recipients with the age > 45 years old when undergoing renal transplantation was a risk factor for de novo malignant tumors after renal transplantation (P < 0.05). Conclusions The incidence rate of de novo malignant tumors is relatively high in renal transplant recipients. The recipients with the age > 45 years old when undergoing renal transplantation is a risk factor for de novo malignant tumors.

Objective To investigate the clinical,therapeutic and prognostic features of patients with lateral sinus stenosis and isolated intracranial hypertension,and further explore the possible mechanisms of their coexistence.Methods We retrospectively enrolled 16 patients with neurosurgery in our hospital from January 2009 to December 2016,who were clinically diagnosed as simple intracranial hypertension with bilateral or predominant lateral sinus stenosis and lateral stenting.These 16 patients were recorded surgical procedures and postoperative outcomes,and followed-up to understand the long-term prognosis of them.Results There were 14 females in the 16 patients,with an average age of (32.4 ± 10.1) years,a mean duration of (10.9 ± 7.3) months,and an average body mass index of (28.9 ± 3.6) kg/m2.In terms of clinical manifestions,majority of the patients presented with headache (n =15) and visual symptoms (n =14),and all with papilledema by fundus examination.The elevated opening cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure was noticed:five cases between 25-33 cmH2O (1 cmH2O =0.098 kPa),11 cases more than 33 cmH2O.The mean pressure difference in the proximal and distal sinus of the anterior chamber was (36.3 ± 9.4) cmH2O in the range of 15-91 cmH2O.The pressure difference between the two ends of the stenosis disappeared immediately after the operation in 12 cases and the pressure difference less than 15 (2-12) cmH2O in four cases.Thirteen patients underwent lumbar puncture at one week after operation.The CSF pressure of them decreased significantly,of which eight were in the normal range.Six months after the operation,11 patients underwent DSA/MRV,none of which had serious surgical complications.With the average follow-up of (35.4 ± 9.8) months,the overall prognosis of these patients was good.Headaches in 14 of 15 patients were improved,out of which 12 were free of headache,two with only mild headache and a slight intracranial hypertension (19 and 23 cmH2O,respectively);visual complaints were reversed in nine out of 14 cases;10 patients underwent fundus examination,and nine of them were observed the improvement of papilledema.During the follow-up period,the symptoms of other patients were improved (headache relief and visual improvement) except one,the overall effective ratio being 15/16.Conclusions The interventional treatment of lateral sinus stenting is effective in patients with sinus stenosis associated with simple intracranial hypertension.The stenosis of the lateral sinus may be the main mechanism of increased intracranial pressure.

Humans ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; diagnosis ; therapy

Metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which is previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), represents a major health concern worldwide with limited therapy. Here, we provide evidence that ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death characterized by iron-driven lipid peroxidation, was comprehensively activated in liver tissues from MAFLD patients. The canonical-GPX4 (cGPX4), which is the most important negative controller of ferroptosis, is downregulated at protein but not mRNA level. Interestingly, a non-canonical GPX4 transcript-variant is induced (inducible-GPX4, iGPX4) in MAFLD condition. The high fat-fructose/sucrose diet (HFFD) and methionine/choline-deficient diet (MCD)-induced MAFLD pathologies, including hepatocellular ballooning, steatohepatitis and fibrosis, were attenuated and aggravated, respectively, in cGPX4-and iGPX4-knockin mice. cGPX4 and iGPX4 isoforms also displayed opposing effects on oxidative stress and ferroptosis in hepatocytes. Knockdown of iGPX4 by siRNA alleviated lipid stress, ferroptosis and cell injury. Mechanistically, the triggered iGPX4 interacts with cGPX4 to facilitate the transformation of cGPX4 from enzymatic-active monomer to enzymatic-inactive oligomers upon lipid stress, and thus promotes ferroptosis. Co-immunoprecipitation and nano LC-MS/MS analyses confirmed the interaction between iGPX4 and cGPX4. Our results reveal a detrimental role of non-canonical GPX4 isoform in ferroptosis, and indicate selectively targeting iGPX4 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for MAFLD.