Objective To construct pEGFP-C2-AQP4-M23 plasmid and to detect its expression in CTX-TNA2 cells in order to study the effect of AQP4 on astrocytes in hypoglycemia. Methods AQP4 gene obtained from SD rats by RT-PCR was cloned into pEGFP-C2 plasmid. The recombinant plasmid was transfected into CTX-TNA2 cells, then treated with low glucose. The expression and effect of AQP4 on CTX-TNA2 cells were examed with confocol. Results PCR and enzyme digestion showed AQP4 size was right; confocol demonstrated that AQP4 was expressed on the membrane of CTX-TNA2 cells, and the surfacial area of CTX-TNA2 cells with AQP4was larger than those without AQP4 in hypoglycemia. Conclusion pEGFP-C2-AQP4-M23 plasmid was successfully constructed and expressed in the CTX-TNA2 cell membrane and AQP4 plays an important role in cell edema in hypoglycemia.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the curative effect of the early application of the antibiotic-laden bone cement (ALBC) combined with the external fixation support in treating the open fractures of lower limbs complicated with bone defect.

METHODSFrom December 2013 to January 2015, 36 cases of lower limb open comminuted fractures complicated with bone defects were treated by the vancomycin ALBC combined with the external fixation support, including 26 males and 10 females with an average age of 38.0 years old ranging from 19 to 65 years old. The included cases were all open fractures of lower limbs complicated with bone defects with different degree of soft tissue injuries. Among them, 25 cases were tibial fractures, 11 cases were femoral fractures. The radiographs indicated a presence of bone defects, which ranged from 3.0 to 6.1 cm with an average of 4.0 cm. The Gustilo classification of open fractures:24 cases were type IIIA, 12 cases were typr IIIB. The percentage of wound infection, bone grafting time, fracture healing time and postoperative joint function of lower limb were observed. The function of injured limbs was evaluated at 1 month after the clinical healing of fracture based on Paley evaluation criterion.

RESULTSAll cases were followed up for 3 to 24 months with an average of (6.0±3.0) months. The wound surface was healed well, neither bone infections nor unhealed bone defects were presented. The reoperation of bone grafting was done at 6 weeks after the patients received an early treatment with ALBC, some of them were postponed to 8 weeks till the approximate healing of fractures, the treatment course lasted for 4 to 8 months with an average of(5.5±1.5) months. According to Paley and other grading evaluations of bone and function, there were 27 cases as excellent, 5 cases as good, 3 cases as ordinary.

CONCLUSIONSThe ALBC combined with external fixation support was an effective method for early treatment to treat the traumatic lower limb open fractures complicated with bone defects. This method was typified with the advantages such as easy operation, short operation time, overwhelming superiority in controlling infection and provision of good bone grafting bed, a good bone healing can be realized by the use of membrane induction technology for bone grafting.

OBJECTIVETo study surgical techniques for degenerative lumbar scoliosis associated with lumbar stenosis and evaluate their clinical significane.

METHODSThirty-two patients with degenerative lumbar scoliosis associated with spinal stenosis were treated by techniques of posterior lumbar interbody fusion or posterolateral fusion and pedicle screws. There were 18 male and 14 female with 56.8 years old on the average (ranging from 49 to 75 years). There were no evident change of lumberlordosis in 15 cases, and lumber lordosis were obvious loss associated with lumbar subluxation in 17 cases. The correcting, the improvement of back and leg pain, complications and followed-up results were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTSThirty-two cases were followed-up for 6 to 39 months (the average time of 13 months). The average correction rate of scoliosis was 58.0% and the rate of pain relief was (80.2 +/- 5.8)%. There were two cases of dura sac laceration, two cases of nerve roots injury and a case of pseudoarthritis. During followed-up, correction rate and height of disc spaces were not lost. Shift of interbody cages were no displaced; all the internal fixation got well fusion and the rate of fusion for the bone graft was 96.9%.

CONCLUSIONPosterior pedicle screws combined with interbody fusion or posterolateral fusion is a safe and effective surgical treatment for degenerative lumbar scoliosis associated with lumbar stenosis.

Aged ; Bone Screws ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Scoliosis ; surgery ; Spinal Fusion ; Spinal Stenosis ; complications ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

Hydatid disease imposing serious threat on human health and great loss in livenotstock pastoralism remains a major public health problem in western China. To assess and monitor the effect of control program on transmission dynamics, we used the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered sheep at slaughterhouse as an indicator during the period of 2007 to 2013 in Emin County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The results showed a significant decline trend of prevalence in all age groups during the 7 years when the control program was implemented; particularly, the rate was reduced by 72% after first 3 years. Among the sheep slaughtered, the age distribution evidenced that the prevalence increased significantly as the sheep grew older. The baseline data indicated that the rate was 4.5% at the age <1, 6.7% at age 2~, and reached to the highest 17.9% at age > or =4 years. Earlier response to the intervention pressure was seen in the sheep at the younger age. Significant decline started from 2008 at the age <1, from 2009 at age of 1~, 2010 at 2~ to 3~, and the latest, in 2012 at age > or =4. This study demonstrated that the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered sheep may be used as an indicator to assess and monitor the transmission status during and after control program providing information for betterment of performance to sustain control strength.
Abattoirs/statistics & numerical data ; Animals ; China/epidemiology ; Echinococcosis/epidemiology/parasitology/prevention & control/*veterinary ; Female ; Male ; Prevalence ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology/*prevention & control

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the combination of apatinib and S-1 for treatment of patients with advanced gastric cancer, in order to provide clinical therapy reference for advanced gastric cancer.Methods:Clinical trials were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) , Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (CSTJ) , Wanfang Medical Network, VIP Journal Database (VIP) , China Biomedical Literature Database (CBMdisc) , Cochrane Library, PubMed, etc., searched from Jan. 2010 to Oct. 2019. The experimental group were given apatinib combined with S-1, and the control group received S-1 monotherapy. Two sets of RCT in patients with advanced gastric cancer were collected. Researchers first screened literature, data extraction and to assess the risk of bias, then made Meta analysis with RevMan5.3 software, the test level was α=0.05.Results:A total of 12 Meta analysis of randomized RCT were selected from the group, including 561 cases of patients. The results showed that objective response rate (ORR) and disease control rate (DCR) of the experimental group was higher than those of the control group [ (RD=0.16, 95% CI: 0.08-0.23, P<0.0001; RD=0.21,95% CI: 0.14-0.29, P<0.00001) ]; There was no significant difference in nausea and vomiting, hand-foot syndrome, fatigue, diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, leukopenia, neuro-toxicity and mucositis between the two groups. The rate of hypertension, proteinuria, hemoglobin of the experimental group decrease was higher than that of the control group [ (OR=6.21, 95% CI: 1.92-20.13, P=0.002; OR = 10.57,95% CI: 5.06-22.04, P<0.00001; OR=2.84, 95% CI:1.25-6.48, P=0.01) ]; and there was a significant heterogeneity in hypertension among them ( P=0.008, I 2=63) . Conclusion:Compared with S-1 alone, the treatment effect of S-1 combined with targeted drug apatinib can significantly improve ORR and DCR of patients with advanced gastric cancer.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and underlying mechanism of Qishishenshu Capsule on renal fibrosis in mice with early diabetic nephropathy(DN).Methods A DN mouse model was established by multiple injections of streptozotocin.The mice were randomly divided into a normal group(NC),model group(DN),and Qishi group(QS)(0.9 g/(kg·d)),with eight mice in each group.Mice were gavaged continuously for 4 weeks,and fasting blood glucose(FBG)was measured weekly.Four weeks later,urinary albumin/creatinine(UACR),serum creatinine,and blood urea nitrogen were measured.Hematoxylin-eosin,periodicacid-Schiff,and Sirius red staining were used to analyze renal pathological changes.Real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the mRNA levels of fibronectin(FN),collagen type Ⅰ alpha 1(Col1a1),and α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA).Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were performed to detect FN,collagen type Ⅰ(Collagen Ⅰ),collagen typeⅢ(Collagen Ⅲ),α-SMA,Podocin,Nephrin,and transforming growth factor-β1/SMAD family member2/3(TGF-β1/Smad2/3)pathway-related proteins.Results Compared with mice in the NC group,those in the DN group showed significantly higher levels of FBG and UACR(P＜0.001),and mesangial hyperplasia,basement membrane thickening,and collagen deposition in the renal tissue.The mRNA levels of FN,Col1a1,and α-SMA were increased(P＜0.05).Protein levels of Podocin and Nephrin were decreased(P＜0.05).The levels of FN,Collagen I,Collagen Ⅲ,α-SMA,and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway proteins were increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the DN group,the QS group's level of UACR was decreased(P＜0.05),their renal pathological injury was alleviated,and mRNA levels of FN,Collagen Ⅰ,andα-SMA were attenuated(P＜0.05);whereas their protein levels of Podocin and Nephrin were elevated(P＜0.05).The levels of FN,Collagen Ⅰ,Collagen Ⅲ,α-SMA,and TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway proteins were also decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusions Qishishenshu Capsule improved renal fibrosis in DN mice,probably through the inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway.

Objective:To construct polydopamine-coated silicified collagen(SC@PDA)by polymerization of dopamine,and to ex-plore its biological safety and photothermal antibacterial properties.Methods:Dopamine was coated on the surface of silicified colla-gen by polymerization reaction to construct SC@PDA.The surface morphology of SC@PDA was observed by SEM and TEM,the silic-ic acid release was detected by silicic acid release experiment,and the photothermal properties of SC@PDA were detected by 808 nm laser irradiation and infrared thermography.The biocompatibility of SC@PDA was evaluated by CCK-8 assay with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and acute systemic toxicity test in SD rats.The materials were co-cultured with Staphylococcus aureus(S.au-reus)and Escherichia coli(E.coli)respectively for 6 h followed by 808 nm laser irradiation and culture for 6 h,and then the antibac-terial rate of the materials was calculated by absorbance detection.Finally,the anti-infection effect was observed 7 days after implan-tation in the rat femoral defect infection model of SD rats.Results:SC@PDA maintained the silicic acid release characteristics of si-licified collagen and had good biocompatibility and good photothermal property.In vitro and in vivo antibacterial experiments showed that SC@PDA had good antibacterial activity without cytotoxicity and acut system toxicity.Conclusion:SC@PDA has biocompatibili-ty and the dopamine coating endows the silicified collagen scaffold with excellent photothermal antibacterial properties.

Objective To perform an epidemiological investigation on a case of visceral leishmaniasis reported from Shule County, Kashi Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in 2021, so as to provide insights into differential diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods The epidemiological history of this case was collected, and the case was diagnosed for Leishmania infection with the immunochromatographic (rK39) strip test, bone marrow smear microscopy and PCR assay. Results The patient had typical clinical symptoms of leishmaniasis, including irregular fever, hepatosplenomeg- aly, low serum albumin and elevated globulin. Bone marrow smear microscopy identified L. donovani amastigotes, and both rK39 strip test and PCR assay were positive, while the case was tested negative for SARS-CoV-2. COVID-19 was therefore excluded and visceral leishmaniasis was diagnosed. Standard full-dose treatment with sodium stibogluconate was given, and no Leishmania was found on blood smears during the reexamination. No recurrence was found during the followup after discharge for hospital. Conclusions During the COVID-19 pandemic, it is recommended to increase the perception of differential diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis among first-contact doctors, and reinforce the capability of differential diagnosis and health education of visceral leishmaniasis among medical and healthcare institutions at all levels, to prevent missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis.

Objective To analyze the echinococcosis surveillance results in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2017 to 2022, so as to provide insights into formulation of echinococcosis control measures in the prefecture. Methods Villagers were randomly sampled using a multistage sampling method from class I and II echinococcosis endemic counties in Bayingolin Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture from 2017 to 2022 for detection of human echinococcosis, while all patients undergoing ultrasound examinations in medical institutions in class III endemic counties received active echinococcosis screening. In addition, livestock in centralized slaughterhouses or slaughtering sites were screened for echinococcosis using the palpation and necropsy method, and fresh domestic dog feces samples were collected from randomly selected dog owners in each administrative village for detection of Echinococcus copro-antigen in domestic dogs. The trends in detection of human and livestock echinococcosis, detection of newly diagnosed human echinococcosis cases and detection of Echinococcus coproantigen in domestic dogs were analyzed in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture from 2017 to 2022. Results The mean detection rate of human echinococcosis was 0.13% (540/407 803) in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture from 2017 to 2022, which appeared a tendency towards a decline over years (χ²_trend = 1 217.21, P < 0.001), and the highest detection of newly diagnosed echinococcosis cases was seen in Hejing County (0.28%, 191/67 865). The detection of livestock echinococcosis appeared a tendency towards a decline over years from 2017 to 2022 (χ²_trend = 147.02, P < 0.001), with the highest detection rate seen in Hejing County (3.44%, 86/2 500), and the detection of Echinococcus copro-antigen in domestic dogs appeared a tendency towards a decline over years from 2017 to 2022 (χ²_trend = 302.46, P < 0.001), with the highest detection rate in Qiemo County (2.74%, 118/4 313). Conclusions The detection of human and livestock echinococcosis and dog feces antigens Echinococcus copro-antigen in domestic dogs all appeared a tendency towards a decline in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from 2017 to 2022; however, there is still a high echinococcosis transmission risk in local areas. Sustainable integrated echinococcosis control is required in Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture.