Objective To investigate the relationship between biomarkers of renal function and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in cerebral hemorrhage patients.Methods This is a cross-sectional study including a total of 129 patients with cerebral hemorrhage.All patients underwent susceptibility weighted 3.0 T MRI.The presence and number of CMBs on susceptibility weighted MRI were independently interpreted.We calculated the urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) from morning spot urine and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in serum samples.Serum cystatin C (CysC) was measured using the automated particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay.Results Among 129 patients with cerebral hemorrhage,86 (66.7％) had CMBs on susceptibility-weighted imaging.UACR (mg/g;20.47 ± 9.03 vs 35.24±14.83,t=3.823,P＜0.01)andCysC (mg/L;0.98±0.09vs 1.31 ±0.13,t=4.739,P＜0.01) levels were higher in the patients with CMBs than those without,and the eGFR (ml · min-1 · 1.73 m 2) was lower in the patients with CMBs than those without (78.07 ± 18.69 vs 61.59 ± 17.08,t =3.672,P ＜0.01).A Logistic regression analysis indicated that the levels of kidney impairment biomarkers were significantly associated with the prevalence of CMBs in cerebral hemorrhage patients after an adjustment for age,sex and other risk factors.The odds ratio (OR) and 95％ CI of each kidney biomarkers (eGFR,UACR,and CysC) for the CMBs status were 2.573 (1.172-5.315),2.735 (1.247-6.246)and 2.976 (1.764-6.968),respectively.CysC exhibited fair diagnostic value for CMBs,with an area under the curve of 0.835 (95％ CI 0.791-0.878).Furthermore,there were negative correlations between eGFR and the the number of CMBs (P =0.038,R2 total =0.216).There was a positive correlation between UACR,CysC and number of CMBs (P =0.024,R2 total =0.312;P =0.013,R2 total =0.375).Conclusions Elevated levels of kidney biomarkers are associated with the presence of CMBs in cerebral hemorrhage patients,independent of conventional risk factors.CysC may be a potential diagnostic biomarker for CMBs in cerebral hemorrhage patients.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of An-Pressing manipulation in relieving energy crisis in chronic myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) by observing the effects of An-Pressing manipulation on adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α) pathway and mitochondrial ultrastructure of skeletal muscle cells in MTrPs rats. Methods: Forty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a lidocaine group, and an An-Pressing manipulation group, with 12 rats in each group. The model group, lidocaine group and An-Pressing manipulation group were used to replicate the MTrPs rat model by blunt shock and centrifugal motion method. After modeling, the An-Pressing manipulation group was subjected to 7 times An-Pressing manipulation, once every other day; the lidocaine group was treated with 3 times of injection of lidocaine at the MTrPs, once every 6 d. The blank group and the model group were fed normally without intervention. After the intervention, local muscle tissue was taken to detect the content of ATP and the expression of AMPK, phosphorylated AMPK (phospho-AMPK), PGC-1α, and glucose transporter 4 (GluT4), and the ultrastructure of mitochondria was observed under an electron microscope. Results: Compared with the blank group, the ATP content in the model group was decreased (P<0.05), the protein expression levels of phospho-AMPK, PGC-1α, and GluT4 and the ratio of phospho-AMPK to AMPK were decreased (P<0.05); under the electron microscope, the number of mitochondria decreased, and they were deformed, small in volume, and had deformed cristae. Compared with the model group, the ATP contents in the An-Pressing manipulation group and the lidocaine group were increased (P<0.05), and the protein expression levels of phospho-AMPK, PGC-1α, and GluT4 and the ratio of phospho-AMPK to AMPK were increased (P<0.05); under the electron microscope, the number of mitochondria increased, the shape and size of the mitochondria were basically normal, and the cristae could be seen. Compared with the lidocaine group, phospho-AMPK and the ratio of phospho-AMPK to AMPK in the An-Pressing manipulation group were increased (P<0.05); under the electron microscope, the numbers of mitochondria were similar, and the shape and size of the mitochondria were basically normal without swelling, and the cristae could be observed. Conclusion: An-Pressing manipulation can increase the ATP content in MTrPs tissue, improve the expression levels of PGC-1α and GluT4 proteins and the ratio of phospho-AMPK to AMPK; its mechanism may relate to the activation of AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway to promote the repair of mitochondrial damages.

Objective:To investigate the mechanism of trigger point deactivation induced by pressing manipulation in a rat model and to explore its potential regulation of the inflammatory response through the extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)/nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)pathway. Methods:Fifty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a blank group,a model group,a pressing manipulation group,an ERK agonist group,and a pressing manipulation+ERK agonist group,with 10 rats in each group.Except for the blank group,rats in other groups were used to establish the trigger point rat model using the blunt blow combined with the eccentric exercise method.The pressing manipulation group underwent pressing manipulation intervention at the trigger points.The ERK agonist group received an injection of recombinant human epidermal growth factor via the tail vein.The pressing manipulation+ERK agonist group received interventions from both the pressing manipulation and ERK agonist groups.The pressure pain threshold(PPT)was measured by a mechanical pain threshold detector before and after the intervention.The histological changes were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining after the intervention;the expression levels of ERK,phosphorylated ERK(p-ERK),NF-κB p65(p65),phosphorylated NF-κB p65(p-p65),and phosphorylated NF-κB inhibitor(p-IκB)were detected by Western blotting;the levels of interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,and tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results:The PPT increased(P<0.05);the inflammatory cells disappeared;the ratios of p-ERK/ERK,p-p65/p65,and p-IκB/β-actin,also the levels of IL-1β,IL-6,and TNF-α all decreased in the pressing manipulation group after the intervention compared with the model group(P<0.05).The PPT decreased significantly(P<0.05),the inflammatory cell presence increased,and the ratios of p-ERK/ERK and p-p65/p65 were elevated(P<0.05);additionally,the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α were significantly higher in the pressing manipulation+ERK agonist group compared with the pressing manipulation group(P<0.05).The PPT was significantly lower(P<0.05),the inflammatory cell count was higher,the ratios of p-ERK/ERK and p-IκB/β-actin and the levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly higher in the ERK agonist group compared with the pressing manipulation+ERK agonist group(P<0.05). Conclusion:Pressing manipulation can effectively alleviate inflammation and pain in trigger point model rats,potentially by inhibiting the ERK/NF-κB signaling pathway.

At present,the standardized training of neurosurgery resident is in the primary stage in our country,and the master's degree postgraduates of Neurosurgery major are the main part of the students of neurosurgery planning training in our department.At present,a systematic and sound training system and teaching mechanism hasn't been formed in the standardized training of postgraduates in Neurosurgery.It is imperative to explore the training mode of postgraduates majoring in neurosurgery to keep pace with the times and meet the needs of the society.Based on the problems in the current training mode of neurosurgery in the First Affiliated Hospital of Heavy Medicine and combined with the existing problems,this paper focuses on the cultivation of professional basic theoretical knowledge,clinical practice ability,clinical thinking and innovative ability and aims to establish professional assessment team,so as to boost the education development of postgraduates with neurosurgery degree and improve the quality of standardized training.

Hydatid disease imposing serious threat on human health and great loss in livenotstock pastoralism remains a major public health problem in western China. To assess and monitor the effect of control program on transmission dynamics, we used the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered sheep at slaughterhouse as an indicator during the period of 2007 to 2013 in Emin County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The results showed a significant decline trend of prevalence in all age groups during the 7 years when the control program was implemented; particularly, the rate was reduced by 72% after first 3 years. Among the sheep slaughtered, the age distribution evidenced that the prevalence increased significantly as the sheep grew older. The baseline data indicated that the rate was 4.5% at the age <1, 6.7% at age 2~, and reached to the highest 17.9% at age > or =4 years. Earlier response to the intervention pressure was seen in the sheep at the younger age. Significant decline started from 2008 at the age <1, from 2009 at age of 1~, 2010 at 2~ to 3~, and the latest, in 2012 at age > or =4. This study demonstrated that the prevalence of cystic echinococcosis in slaughtered sheep may be used as an indicator to assess and monitor the transmission status during and after control program providing information for betterment of performance to sustain control strength.
Abattoirs/statistics & numerical data ; Animals ; China/epidemiology ; Echinococcosis/epidemiology/parasitology/prevention & control/*veterinary ; Female ; Male ; Prevalence ; Sheep ; Sheep Diseases/epidemiology/parasitology/*prevention & control

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of platelet reactivity for early neurological deterioration (END) in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods:Patients with acute ischemic stroke within 48 h of onset admitted to the Department of Neurology, the Affiliated Haikou Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University from January 2017 to March 2019 were enrolled prospectively. Aspirin was taken on the day of admission, and the platelet aggregation rate was detected using a PL-11 Platelet Function Analyzer 7 d after taking it. END was defined as the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NHISS) score at any time point within 7 d after admission increased by ≥2 or the motor function item score increased by ≥1 from baseline. The demographics, baseline data, imaging examination and laboratory findings of patients in the END and non-END groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for END. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the predictive value of platelet aggregation rate for END. Results:A total of 230 patients were included in the study. They aged 63.24±9.75 years, 126 were females (51.4%). The median baseline NIHSS score was 6 (interquartile range, 4-10). The median time from onset to admission was 15 h (interquartile range, 9-28 h). There were 54 patients (23.5%) in the END group and 176 (76.5%) in the non-END group. There were significant differences in arachidonic acid-induced maximum platelet aggregation ratio (MAR-AA), epinephrine-induced maximum platelet aggregation ratio (MAR-EPI) and collagen-induced maximum platelet aggregation ratio (MAR-COL) between the END group and the non-END group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that MAR-AA (odd ratio [ OR] 1.165, 95% confidence interval [ CI] 1.091-1.243; P<0.001) and MAR-EPI ( OR 1.035, 95% CI 1.006-1.067; P=0.023) were the independent risk factors for END in patients with acute ischemic stroke. ROC curve analysis showed that MAR-AA had good predictive value for END, and the area under the curve was 0.775 (95% CI 0.707-0.843; P<0.001). The optimal cut-off value was 21.80%. The sensitivity and specificity of MAR-AA for predicting END were 72.2% and 77.3%, respectively. Conclusions:The platelet function measured by PL-11 is closely related to the risk of END in patients with acute ischemic stroke. It has a better predictive value for END.

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of platelet aggregation rate for early neurological deterioration (END) after intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS).Methods:Consecutive patients with AIS received IVT at the Department of Neurology, Haikou Hospital Affiliated to Xiangya School of Medical, Central South University from November 2020 to July 2023 were retrospectively included. The maximum platelet aggregation rate (MAR) was measured using the PL-12 multi-parameter platelet function analyzer. END was defined as an increase of ≥4 from baseline in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score within 24 h after IVT. The demographic, baseline data, laboratory findings, and imaging results between the END and non-END groups were compared, and the dynamic changes in MAR induced by arachidonic acid (AA) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) before, immediately after, and 2 h after IVT were observed. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for END. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to analyze the predictive value of MAR for END at different time points. Results:A total of 300 patients were included, aged 64.88±8.82 years, with a median baseline NIHSS score of 11 (interquartile range, 8-15) and the onset-to-needle time was 172.03±53.96 min. Among them, 66 patients (22.0%) developed END. The MAR-AA and MAR-DP levels before, immediately after, and 2 h after IVT in the END group were significantly higher than those in the non-END group (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that MAR-AA (odds ratio 1.098, 95% confidence interval 1.039-1.161; P<0.001) and MAR-ADP (odds ratio 1.100, 95% confidence interval 1.038-1.167; P<0.001) at 2 h after IVT were the independent risk factors for END. ROC curve analysis shows that MAR-AA and MAR-ADP before, immediately after, and 2 h after IVT had good predictive value for END. Among them, the area under the curve corresponding to MAR-AA and MAR-ADP at 2 h after IVT was the largest, with values of 0.745 and 0.710, respectively. The optimal cutoff value of MAR-AA was 39.28%, and the sensitivity and specificity for predicting END were 74.2% and 76.1%, respectively. The optimal cutoff value of MAR-ADP was 43.35%, and the sensitivity and specificity for predicting END were 69.7% and 66.2%, respectively. Conclusion:The MAR measured by PL-12 is closely associated with the risk of END in patients with AIS after IVT treatment, and has good predictive value for END.

Objective To explore the feasibility of different histochemical staining in threedimensional reconstruction of peripheral nerves.Methods The samples were collected from fresh adult common tibial nerve,which were serially horizontally sliced with the thickness of 6 (m.All slices were randomly divided into four groups with different staining such as Karnovsky-Roots staining,acetylcholinesterase staining,acetyltransferase staining or carbonic anhydrase staining.The stain characteristics in various stain phrases were observed under optic-microscope.Results The character of nerve fibers could be distinguished clearly by Karnovsky-Roots,acetylcholinesterase,acetyltransferase and acetyltransferase staining.It took 50 to 52 hours to finish the staining by using KaruovskyRoots staining.Carbonic anhydrase staining was the simplest method.Conclusion Among the four staining methods,Karnovsky-Roots staining is suitable for three-dimensional reconstruction of peripheral nerves.

Objective To explore the feasibility of different histochemical staining in threedimensional reconstruction of peripheral nerves.Methods The samples were collected from fresh adult common tibial nerve,which were serially horizontally sliced with the thickness of 6 (m.All slices were randomly divided into four groups with different staining such as Karnovsky-Roots staining,acetylcholinesterase staining,acetyltransferase staining or carbonic anhydrase staining.The stain characteristics in various stain phrases were observed under optic-microscope.Results The character of nerve fibers could be distinguished clearly by Karnovsky-Roots,acetylcholinesterase,acetyltransferase and acetyltransferase staining.It took 50 to 52 hours to finish the staining by using KaruovskyRoots staining.Carbonic anhydrase staining was the simplest method.Conclusion Among the four staining methods,Karnovsky-Roots staining is suitable for three-dimensional reconstruction of peripheral nerves.

Objective:To explore whether antioxidant coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is involved in the regulation of renal injury induced by diquat poisoning (DQ) in rats through anti-oxidative stress and inhibition of interleukin (IL)-17 and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling pathway, and whether this mechanism is related to alleviating mitochondrial dysfunction.Methods:The expressions of NF-κB inhibitory protein α (IKB-α), phosphorylated nuclear factor κB (P-NF-κB), JNK-related leucine zipper protein (JLP) and neuroprotective protein PTEN-induced putative kinase 1(PINK1) pathway proteins were detected in vivo and in vitro. Biochemical detection of renal injury markers and inflammatory cytokines: serum urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), Cystatin C (CysC), renal injury molecule 1, Malondialdehyde, Supemxidedismutase (SOD), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), etc. Renal pathology HE staining was used to observe the degree of renal injury and pathological score under light microscope. The expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by immunofluorescence. CCK-8 experiment was used to observe the level of cell proliferation after administration.Results:In vivo experiment, the indexes of renal function injury (Cr, BUN, CysC, NAGL, KIM-1) in plasma and kidney samples were significantly increased after 72 h of exposure in DQ group, and there were significant histopathological changes and pathological scores increased. In vitro experiment HK-2 cells were exposed to DQ for 48 h, and the cell viability decreased by half. After exposure to DQ, serum SOD decreased, MDA increased, and the immunofluorescence value of ROS in renal tissue increased. Intervention with CoQ10 can alleviate the pathological damage induced by DQ in rats, enhance the vitality of HK-2 cells, alleviate renal injury and reduce the level of oxidative stress. In addition, the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-17) increased in DQ group in vivo, the expression of P-NF-κBp65 protein in DQ group in vivo and HK-2 cell DQ group in vitro increased significantly, the expression of mitochondrial dysfunction index PINK1 protein increased significantly, and the expression of JLP protein and IκB-α protein decreased significantly. After intervention with CoQ10, the expression of P-NF-κBp65 protein and PINK1 can be decreased, while the expression of IκB-α protein can be increased and the degradation of JLP could be alleviated, and CoQ10 could improve the mitochondrial dysfunction after DQ poisoning.Conclusions:CoQ10 can alleviate the kidney injury induced by DQ poisoning in rats, and its mechanism may be related to the fact that CoQ10 regulates the expression of IL-17 and NF-κB signaling pathway through anti-oxidative stress, and further improves mitochondrial dysfunction.