ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic effect and toxicities of gemcitabine combined with cisplatin in the treatment of advanced or metastatic transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of urinary tract. Methods Eighteen patients with advanced or metastatic TCC of urinary tract (15 cases of bladder TCC,2 of renal pelvic TCC,and 1 of ureteral TCC),who were pathologically confirmed,were treated with GC regimen (gemcitabine 1000 mg/m 2,iv infusion on day 1 and day 8;cisplatin 30 mg/m 2,iv infusion on day 2,day 8 and day 9).Before treatment, Karnofsy score for each patient was evaluated with a result of ≥60;liver and renal functions and blood routine test were normal.GC regimen was repeated for 2-3 cycles every 3-4 weeks and the response rate was evaluated.ResultsThree patients (16.7%) had complete response; 7(38.9%), partial response;5(27.8%),no response;and 3(16.7%) had progression.The overall response rate was 55.6%. The main toxic effects included decrease in white cell count (10 cases),anemia (7),nausea and vomiting (10) and constipation (8),which were mild or moderate and disappeared after stopping treatment.No chemotherapy-associated death occurred.ConclusionsGemcitabine combined with cisplatin in the treatment of advanced or metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of urinary tract is effective,and the toxicity is mild and tolerated. It is suggested that GC regimen can be used as the first line chemotherapy.

Objective To study the polymorphism of glucocerebrosidase ( GBA) gene of N370S, V394L, L444P, R120W, R359X, R496H, R353W and RecNcil in the patients with Parkinson's disease ( PD) in Han, Uygur and Kazak in Xinjiang and to investigate the relationship between GBA gene polymorphism and Parkinson's disease.Methods GBA gene polymorphism was analyzed by improved multiplex ligation detection reaction technique in 294 sporadic PD patients (100 cases of Uygur, 134 cases of Han, 60 cases of Kazak) and 305 healthy controls (109 cases of Uygur, 122 cases of Han, 74 cases of Kazak) in Xinjiang area.Results There were two L444P loci polymorphisms that were heterozygous mutations in 294 cases of PD patients and the mutation frequency was 0.7%.Three hundred and five cases of control group did not show L 444P polymorphism.There were no significant differences in L 444P genotype and allele frequency distribution between PD group and control group ( AA:99.3%vs 100.0%, GA:0.7%vs 0, P>0.05;G:0.3%vs 0, A:99.7%vs 100.0%, P>0.05);L444P genotype and allele frequency distribution in Han and Uygur patients with PD showed no significant differences ( AA:99.3% vs 99.0%, GA:0.7%vs 1.0%, P>0.05;G:0.4%vs 0.5%, A:99.6%vs 99.5%,P>0.05);N370S, V394L, R120W, R359X, R496H, R353W, RecNcil loci polymorphisms were not found in the PD and control groups.Conclusion The GBA gene of N370S, V394L, R120W, R359X, R496H, R353W, RecNcil showed no polymorphism in Xinjiang Han and Uygur population and there was no association of L 444P polymorphism with Parkinson's disease in Han and Uygur populations in Xinjiang .

BACKGROUND: Perioperative treatment has become an increasingly important aspect of the management of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Small-scale clinical studies performed in recent years have shown improvements in the major pathological remission rate after neoadjuvant therapy, suggesting that it will soon become an important part of NSCLC treatment. Nevertheless, neoadjuvant immunotherapy may be accompanied by serious adverse reactions that lead to delay or cancelation of surgery, additional illness, and even death, and have therefore attracted much attention. The purpose of the clinical recommendations is to form a diagnosis and treatment plan suitable for the current domestic medical situation for the immune-related adverse event (irAE). METHODS: This recommendation is composed of experts in thoracic surgery, oncologists, thoracic medicine and irAE related departments (gastroenterology, respirology, cardiology, infectious medicine, hematology, endocrinology, rheumatology, neurology, dermatology, emergency section) to jointly complete the formulation. Experts make full reference to the irAE guidelines, large-scale clinical research data published by thoracic surgery, and the clinical experience of domestic doctors and publicly published cases, and repeated discussions in multiple disciplines to form this recommendation for perioperative irAE. RESULTS: This clinical recommendation covers the whole process of prevention, evaluation, examination, treatment and monitoring related to irAE, so as to guide the clinical work comprehensively and effectively. CONCLUSIONS Perioperative irAE management is an important part of immune perioperative treatment of lung cancer. With the continuous development of immune perioperative treatment, more research is needed in the future to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of perioperative irAE.