OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of ginkgolide (GL) on the cerebral blood flow in dogs. METHODS: Dogs anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital were randomly divided into 5 groups, with 4 dogs in each group. Ginkgolide of 4.86, 14.6 and 43.7 mg/kg and Xingling Granule of 0.22 g/kg were administered by gavage to the dogs in each of 4 groups. The dogs in the other group were administered with edible oil (1 ml/kg) as control group. The cerebral blood flow, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, mean arterial blood pressure and electro-cardiogram of the dogs were measured at different times after the administration. RESULTS: Ginkgolide of 4.86, 14.6 and 43.7 mg/kg had no obvious effects on the blood pressure and the heart rate. Ginkgolide of 14.6 and 43.7 mg/kg increased the cerebral blood flow 90 minutes after administration, and ginkgolide of 43.7 mg/kg obviously decreased the cerebral vascular resistance 150 minutes after administration. CONCLUSION: Ginkgolide can increase the cerebral blood flow and decrease the cerebral vascular resistance, and it has no obvious effects on blood pressure and heart rate in dogs.

This paper described the progress in therapeutics of drug dependence by opioids, involved in usages of opiate receptor agitations, non-opiate receptor agitations, non-drug treatment, and immunosuppressive therapy.

AIM: To explore the effects of Compound Yi-Zhi (YZC) on learning and memory capacity and free radical metabolism in D-galactose induced mice dementia model. METHODS: The mice dementia model was induced by a daily D-galactose 0.15 g?kg -1 sc for 45 d and after 5 d D-galactose injection, the mice were treated with three doses of YZC once a day for 40 d. In order to find out the influence of YZC on the models learning and memory capability and free radical metabolism system, Y-maze test was introduced for the former and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) tests for the latter. RESULTS: Compared with the D-galactose model group, three doses of YZC administration ( 0.108, 0.217, 0.433 g?kg -1) were all shown to significantly reduced the times of learning/memory in Y-maze test from 31.35? 8.97/ 17.12? 5.57 to 19.67? 8.07/ 11.27? 6.65, to 14.00? 6.84/ 8.29? 5.95, and to 11.41? 5.99/ 6.24? 4.97, respectively. For SOD, the administrations of 0.108 and 0.433 g?kg -1 YZC could increase the activity of SOD from 17.69? 3.14 to 26.94? 4.46, and to 21.33? 3.63 nU?mg -1 pro. While for MDA, all the three doses of YZC could decrease the level of MDA from 4.08? 0.88 to 2.82? 0.75, to 2.10? 0.42, and to 2.35? 0.39 nmol?mg -1 pro in the mice brain tissue, respectively. CONCLUSION: YZC can improve the D-galactose induced learning and memory dysfunction, and the action may be related to the improvement of antioxidase activity in the model mice brains.

Aim To investigate the effects of anti-morphine vaccines on pharmacological actions of morphine in mice.Methods Morphine-6-succinyl and morphine were conjugated respectively with Blue Carrier(BC) in the presence of carbodi-imide.After being immunized with both vaccines(M-BC,M-6-S-BC),the withdrawal syndrome and the abirritation were observed in mice.Results The withdrawal syndrome of the immune mice with M-6-S-BC and M-BC vaccines were reduced markedly compared with the model group,the skipping times were decreased and the latency was longer(P

AIM: To study the therapeutical effects of salvianolic acid B (Sal B) on myocardial infarction(MI) in dogs. METHODS : The models of myocardial infarction were produced by ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in the anaesthetized dogs. The extent of myocardial ischemia was detected by epicardial-electrocardiogram and the extent of infarction was determhled by N-BT staining method. The parameter of lactate dehydrogenase was determined in the serums of dogs. RESULTS : It was indicated that the adminstration of Sal B(1、3 and 10mg/kg) by the way of intravenous injection reduced the extent of myocardial infarction (N-ST) ( P

BACKGROUND: The upward attack of drug-heat is a special type of syndromes of coexistence of cold and heat, it influence the treatment and conversion of the primary disease.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the pathophysiological basis of upward attack of drug-heat.DESIGN: A randomized and controlled observation. SETTING: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) of the People' s Central Hospital of Huizhou City.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 427 patients with cold syndrome, visiting on Department of TCM of the People's Central Hospital of Huizhou City from January 1996 to December 2001, were given warm-heat remedy. Among them 66 cases, 30 males and 36 females, got upward attack of drug-heat during the process of treatment were enrolled. All these subjects, according to their visiting order, at a ratio of 2:1, were chosen as treatment group (44 cases) and control group (22 cases).METHODS: For the patients in treatment group: Rhubarb 6 g was added boiling water 100 mL and soaked for 8 minutes, then the soaking solution was given to the patients, once a day, for 3 days successively. For patients in control group: Table salt 6 g was added boiling water 100 mL for soaking for 8 minutes, after the salt was completely dissolved, the solution was given to the patients, once a day for 3 days successively. The patients of the two groups were at the same time given remedy to treat cold syndrome. The changes of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyronine (FT4), high sensitizing thyroid-stimulating hormone (HS-TSH) and cortisol of the patients were detected before and after administration of warm-heat remedy, before and after medication with rhubarb. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① The changes of the relevant hormones of the patients with upward attack of drug-heat before and after ad ministration of warm-heat remedy. ② The changes of the relevant hormones of the patients with upward attack of drug-heat before and after ad ministration of rhubarb. ③ Comparison of the therapeutic effects in the two groups.RESULTS: All 66 patients involved entered the final result analysis. ①The changes of the relevant hormones of the patients with upward attack of drug-heat before and after administration of warm-heat remedy: FT3 and FT4 were decreased as compared with those before treatment [(2.51±1.20),(6.50±2.30); (10.01±3.21), (15.50±6.31) pmol/L], but HS-TSH and cortisol were increased as compared with those before treatment [(8.25 ±3.75),(4.11±1.75) mU/L; (0.56±0.17), (0.43±0.10) μmol/L]. ② The changes of the relevant hormones of the patients with upward attack of drug-heat before and after administration of rhubarb: FT3 and FT4 ywere increased as compared with those before treatment[(4.71 ±1.56), (2.45±1.25); (14.21 ±4.61),(10.21±3.52) pmol/L], but HS-TSH and cortisol were decreased as compared with those before treatment [(6.24±2.25), (8.35±3.51) mU/L; (0.48±0.10),(0.60±0.17) μmol/L]. ③ Comparison of the therapeutic effects in the two groups: The rate of excellenly effect in treatment group was obviously higher than that in control group (33%, 5%).CONCLUSION: The pathophysiological basis of upward attack of drug heat is stress state of the body, the secretions of the pituitary-thyroid axis play a role of physiological protection, the adrenocortical function is hyperactive, and rhubarb can control this stress state through inhibiting the metabolism of the body.

Objective To compare knowledge about hypertension between elderly Chinese urban patients with preferences for either traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) or Western medicine (WM).Methods Elderly (≥ 65 years old) patients with hypertension who prefer TCM treatment (n=112) or WM (n=126) were questioned about hypertension.Their answers were compared.Results Only 32.6% of participants correctly identified hypertension as a main risk factor of coronary heart disease and stroke,22.3% of patients answered that the main purpose of hypertension control was preventing cardiovascular disease.Other major reasons for these patients to seek medical treatment for their hypertension included:persuasion by physicians or their family members (21.6%),alleviating symptoms such as headache and dizziness (16.8%),lowering blood pressure without knowing specific reason (12.4%).The predictors for poor knowledge of hypertension were similar irrespective of preference for WM or TCM treatment,and included those with lower levels of education and older age.Television and newspaper (46.8%) were the most frequent sources of hypertension information for both groups.Among those who preferred TCM treatment,TCM has fewer side effects than WM and TCM cures disease while WM only alleviates symptoms were common beliefs held.Conclusion This study shows that knowledge of hypertension is similar among Chinese urban patients with preferences for either WM or TCM treatment and that misunderstandings about hypertension are common among the elderly patients.In order to control hypertension effectively,public health education is necessary.This should target those with a lower level of education and older age.

AIM: To study the effects of the composite lactogenic decoction (CLD) on milk secretion of hypoprolactinemia induced by L dopa in rats. METHODS: The models of hypoprolactinemia were established with L dopa in rats. The weight of young rats was recorded during 15 days. Levels of serum prolactin were detected by ELISA and the mammary gland histology was observed by electron microscop. RESULTS: The administration of CLD (3, 6 and 20 g?kg -1 ) by the way of ig increased serum prolactin (PRL) level significantly (P

Objective To evaluate the risk of locoregional recurrence (LRR) and the influencing factors for long-term survival in patients with epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma (EMCa).Methods A retrospective analysis was performed for 18 EMCa patients, who received initial therapy or initial adjuvant therapy in our hospital from 1999 to 2015, to investigate their survival.Among these patients, 8(44%) underwent surgery alone, 9(50%) received adjuvant radiotherapy, and 1(6%) received radical concurrent chemoradiotherapy.Locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were compared between these groups.The Kaplan-Meier mtthod was used to calculated survival rates and log-rank test was used to compare the LRFS.Results With a median follow-up time of 46 months, 5 patients developed LRR, and the 5-year LRFS and OS rates were 69% and 93%, respectively.The patients treated with radiotherapy had a significantly higher 5-year LRRFS rate than those not treated with radiotherapy (71% vs.57%, P=0.569).Conclusions LRR is the main failure mode of EMCa treatment, and further improving local control is the key to improved survival.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the survival and development conditions of community-based organizations (CBOs) for HIV/AIDS prevention and control among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Chinese cities including Shanghai, Hangzhou, Chongqing.

METHODSThis study employed both qualitative (focus groups) and quantitative (questionnaire survey) methods to obtain information from 15 MSM CBOs in three Chinese cities.

RESULTSThe mean work time of the 15 CBOs for HIV/AIDS prevention and control among MSM was 6.7 years (2.1-11.3 years), and the majority of their funds was from international cooperation projects (80 447 000 RMB, 73.0%) from 2006 to 2013. The survival cost of MSM CBOs apart from expenditure of activities was 2 240-435 360 RMB per year. As it was shown in the graph, the survival and development of MSM CBOs was closely related to the development of international cooperation projects. There was a few small size MSM CBOs taking part in the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS and their work content was limited before 2006. From 2006 to 2008, some international cooperation projects were launched in China, such as the China Global Fund AIDS project and the China-Gates Foundation HIV Prevention Cooperation program. As a result, the number of MSM CBOs was increased sharply, and both the scale and 2012, the performance of these programs further promote the establishment of new MSM CBOs and the development of all MSM CBOs with regard to the work places, full-time staffs, work contents, work patterns and the specific targeted population. After 2012, most international cooperation programs were completed and the local department of disease prevention and control continued to cooperate with MSM CBOs. However, the degree of support funds from the local department was different among different regions. Where the funds were below the half of program funds, the development of MSM CBOs ceased and work slowed down. Besides, there were still some constraints for the survival and development of MSM CBOs, such as insufficient funds, no legitimate identity, the outflow of talents and the unsustainable development.

CONCLUSIONThe survival and development of MSM CBOs was closely related to the development of international cooperation projects in China. Some departments of disease prevention and control took over the cooperation with MSM CBOs when the international cooperation projects were completed. Given the survival cost of MSM CBOs and the constraints of MSM CBOs development, it needs further investigation on how to ensure the local departments of disease prevention and control to take over the cooperation with MSM CBOs and how to cooperate with MSM CBOs.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ; China ; Cities ; Communicable Diseases ; Community Health Services ; Financial Support ; HIV Infections ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; International Cooperation ; Male ; Organizations, Nonprofit