Aim Tongluoxingnao effervescent tablets ( TLXNET) ,based on the ancient formula of QiongGui Tang, can improve cognitive dysfunction in different AD models. This research is aimed to study the effects of TLXNET on the Aβmetabolism and explore the anti-AD mechanism in SH-SY5 Y-APP and SH-SY5 Y-C99 cells. Methods Cells were incubated for 48h in dif-ferent concentrations of medicated serum ( containing 0% ~40% of TLXNET in the serum ) . Firstly, the non-toxic concentration was measured by MTT assay, the activity of cells was detected by LDH methods, and ELISA was used to measure the levels of Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 . Then, the gene and protein expressions of APP were detected via RT-PCR and Western blot of which the expressions of shearing fragments such as sAPPα and sAPPβ were investigated by Western blot, the same as the expressions of IDE and NEP. Addi-tionally, the level of mRNA, protein and activity of BACE1 were measured by qRT-PCR, Western blot and fluorescence detection kits respectively. Eventually, MTT assay was performed to detect the cell viability after the SH - SY 5 Y cells were treated with various concentrations of medicated serum and Aβ25-35 for 48h. Results There was no significant toxicity of TLXNET medicated serum in SH-SY5 Y-APP and SH-SY5 Y-C99 cells ( P >0 . 05 ) . TLXNET could signifi-cantly inhibit Aβ secretion in SH-SY5 Y-APP cells ( P<0 . 05 ) , but had no effect on Aβ secretion in SH-SY5Y-C99 cells, the same as the level of APP mRNA and protein in SH-SY5 Y-APP cells and the expressions of IDE and NEP (P>0. 05). Additionally, TLXNET could still notably inhibit the expression of sAPPβ pro-tein in a dose-dependent way, with statistical signifi-cance ( P <0. 05 ) . Meanwhile, the level of mRNA, protein and activity of BACE1 were also significantly decreased by TLXNET (P <0. 01). Moreover, the medicated serum of TLXNET had a protective effect on SH-SY5 Y apoptosis induced by Aβ25-35 ( P <0 . 01 ) . Conclusion TLXNET could obviously inhibit β-secretase enzyme, and has an antagonistic effect a-gainst Aβneurotoxicity, which suggests that the inhibi-tion of β-secretase enzyme and antagonism against Aβneurotoxicity are the main anti-AD mechanism of TLX-NET .

Objective: To understand the smoking of college students in Guizhou Province and to explore associated factors for better prevention and control of smoking behavior. Methods: A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to describe the current smoking situation of college students. And 2 451 college students of different majors and grades from three cities with high, medium and low economic development levels were selected. Besides, we used multivariate logistic regression analysis to analyze the major factors affecting current smoking. Results: Ever smoking rate of college students in Guizhou Province was 50.8%, the peak age of first smoking attempt was 8-13(35.2%); current smoking rate of college students in Guizhou Province was 20.8%. Logistic regression analysis showed that male, upper grade, monthly living expenses of not less than 1 000 yuan, single parents, family smoking and peer smoking were the main risk factors affecting college students’ smoking(OR=5.52,1.44,1.48,1.69,1.47,1.88,P<0.05). Conclusion College students in Guizhou Province have a higher rate of smoking attempt and low rate of current smoking, as well as low tobacco dependence which is determined by multiple factors. Tobacco hazard education, mental health education and living environment intervention for college students may help reduce the probabitity for tobacco use.

Objective: To explore the characteristics of psychological control of parents of college students and their correlation with health risk behaviors, and to provide a reference for further improving parenting styles and improving the physical and mental health of college students. Methods: With the method of multi-stage stratified random sampling, 3 318 college students from 6 universities in Guizhou Province were selected. The parents’ psychological control questionnaire and Chinese adolescent health-related behavior questionnaire were used to conduct anonymous field survey. Results: A total of 660 students’ parents have got low score of mental control in low-score group (<26), 1 844 in the middle group (26-49) and 814 in the high group (>49). Students who had suicide plans scored higher in the dimensions of invasion of privacy, inhibition of speech expression, and sense of disability than those who had not(t=4.08, 3.74, 3.82, P<0.01); The scores of smokers in achievement expectation, invasion of privacy and ability ineffectiveness were higher than those of non-smokers(t=7.12, 3.91, 8.10, P<0.01); the scores of drinkers in all dimensions were higher than those of non drinkers(t=9.35, 4.64, 5.90, 8.78, P<0.01); the scores of Internet addicts in all dimensions were higher than those of non-smokers(t=8.92, 14.27, 3.70, 15.94, P<0.01). Spearman correlation analysis showed that smoking, drinking and Internet addiction were positively correlated with parents’ psychological control(r=0.11, 0.15, 0.19, P<0.01). Conclusion Parents’ psychological control of college students in achievement expectation, ability ineffectiveness and speech inhibition; parents’ psychological control is positively related to smoking, drinking and Internet addiction behavior. Parents should give more active encouragement and guidance to their children and strengthen communication.

Objective:To explore the clinical effectiveness of high-frequency color Doppler ultrasound (HFCDU) assisted harvest of radial artery perforator-pedicled lateral forearm neurocutaneous vascular flap to repair soft tissue defect below the elbow.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical data of patients who underwent repair of soft tissue defects below the elbow using the radial artery perforator-pedicled lateral forearm neurocutaneous vascular flap at the Second Hospital of Tangshan from January 2016 to June 2021. Prior to the surgery, HFCDU was utilized to identify and measure the course of the lateral forearm cutaneous nerve and the perforating branch of the radial artery surrounding the wound. Subsequently, the flap rotation point, axis, and area were meticulously designed. During the surgical procedure, the skin flap was harvested either through a subcutaneous tunnel or by direct transfer, while the nerve stump at the defect site was anastomosed end-to-end with the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm contained in the skin flap. After reducing the wound at the donor site, it was either directly sutured or repaired using a medium-thick skin graft harvested from the thigh. After surgery, the survival of the skin flap, wound healing at the donor site, and the survival of the skin graft were observed. At the last follow-up, the static two-point discrimination of the flap was measured, and patient satisfaction with the appearance of the flap was assessed using the Michigan hand outcomes questionnaire(MHQ). This questionnaire categorized satisfaction into five levels: very dissatisfied (1 point), dissatisfied (2 points), fair (3 points), satisfied (4 points), and very satisfied (5 points). The scar condition of the donor site was evaluated according to the Vancouver scar scale (VSS), which scored from 0 to 15 points, with higher scores indicating more severe scarring. Descriptive analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 27.0 software.Results:A total of 33 patients were included in the study, comprising 20 males and 13 females, with an average age of (41.0±11.7) years (range, 23-65 years). The defect locations included 6 forearms, 9 wrists, and 18 hands, with all patients having exposed bones and (or) tendons. The defect area ranged from 3.0 cm × 2.5 cm to 12.0 cm × 5.0 cm. The detection result of cutaneous nerves and perforating blood vessels using HFCDU were consistent with the actual findings during surgery, showing no discrepancies. The area of the skin flaps ranged from 3.5 cm × 3.0 cm to 13.0 cm × 6.0 cm. All 33 skin flaps survived postoperatively, with good blood supply and no infections reported; the wounds at the donor site healed primarily, and all grafted skin survived. The duration of postoperative follow-up was (15.6±2.9) months (range, 10-24 months), and the patients’ static two-point discrimination of the flap was measured at (12.5±3.3) mm (range, 8-20 mm). The result of the MHQ indicated that 23 patients were very satisfied with the appearance of the flap (5 points), while 10 patients were satisfied (4 points). The VSS score for the donor site was (4.3±0.9) points (range, 3-6 points), indicating that the scar at the donor site was mild.Conclusion:HFCDU can accurately identify the lateral forearm cutaneous nerve and the perforating branch of the radial artery.The radial artery perforator-pedicled lateral forearm neurocutaneous vascular flap can provide a reliable blood supply, good appearance, sense and patient satisfaction, which is suitable for repairing soft tissue defects below the elbow.

Objective:To explore the clinical effectiveness of high-frequency color Doppler ultrasound (HFCDU) assisted harvest of radial artery perforator-pedicled lateral forearm neurocutaneous vascular flap to repair soft tissue defect below the elbow.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on the clinical data of patients who underwent repair of soft tissue defects below the elbow using the radial artery perforator-pedicled lateral forearm neurocutaneous vascular flap at the Second Hospital of Tangshan from January 2016 to June 2021. Prior to the surgery, HFCDU was utilized to identify and measure the course of the lateral forearm cutaneous nerve and the perforating branch of the radial artery surrounding the wound. Subsequently, the flap rotation point, axis, and area were meticulously designed. During the surgical procedure, the skin flap was harvested either through a subcutaneous tunnel or by direct transfer, while the nerve stump at the defect site was anastomosed end-to-end with the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm contained in the skin flap. After reducing the wound at the donor site, it was either directly sutured or repaired using a medium-thick skin graft harvested from the thigh. After surgery, the survival of the skin flap, wound healing at the donor site, and the survival of the skin graft were observed. At the last follow-up, the static two-point discrimination of the flap was measured, and patient satisfaction with the appearance of the flap was assessed using the Michigan hand outcomes questionnaire(MHQ). This questionnaire categorized satisfaction into five levels: very dissatisfied (1 point), dissatisfied (2 points), fair (3 points), satisfied (4 points), and very satisfied (5 points). The scar condition of the donor site was evaluated according to the Vancouver scar scale (VSS), which scored from 0 to 15 points, with higher scores indicating more severe scarring. Descriptive analysis of the data was performed using SPSS 27.0 software.Results:A total of 33 patients were included in the study, comprising 20 males and 13 females, with an average age of (41.0±11.7) years (range, 23-65 years). The defect locations included 6 forearms, 9 wrists, and 18 hands, with all patients having exposed bones and (or) tendons. The defect area ranged from 3.0 cm × 2.5 cm to 12.0 cm × 5.0 cm. The detection result of cutaneous nerves and perforating blood vessels using HFCDU were consistent with the actual findings during surgery, showing no discrepancies. The area of the skin flaps ranged from 3.5 cm × 3.0 cm to 13.0 cm × 6.0 cm. All 33 skin flaps survived postoperatively, with good blood supply and no infections reported; the wounds at the donor site healed primarily, and all grafted skin survived. The duration of postoperative follow-up was (15.6±2.9) months (range, 10-24 months), and the patients’ static two-point discrimination of the flap was measured at (12.5±3.3) mm (range, 8-20 mm). The result of the MHQ indicated that 23 patients were very satisfied with the appearance of the flap (5 points), while 10 patients were satisfied (4 points). The VSS score for the donor site was (4.3±0.9) points (range, 3-6 points), indicating that the scar at the donor site was mild.Conclusion:HFCDU can accurately identify the lateral forearm cutaneous nerve and the perforating branch of the radial artery.The radial artery perforator-pedicled lateral forearm neurocutaneous vascular flap can provide a reliable blood supply, good appearance, sense and patient satisfaction, which is suitable for repairing soft tissue defects below the elbow.

OBJECTIVETo understand the syphilis infection and its high risk factors among men who have sex with men (MSM) recruited from different channels.

METHODSSupported by the China-Gates Foundation HIV program from July to December 2011, we cooperated with community based organizations to conduct syphilis testing intervention among MSM from 14 cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Harbin, Shenyang, Qingdao, Xi'an, Nanjing, Wuhan, Hangzhou, Changsha, Kunming, and Guangzhou) and one province (Hainan province). Participants were recruited from different channels by the staff of local CBOs, Demographic (e.g. age, marital status, and education) and behavioral (e.g. condom use and sexual partners) data were collected using anonymous questionnaires. Blood samples were also collected to test for syphilis. A total of 34 100 MSM participated in the survey. Participants were excluded from data analysis (1 399, 4.1%) if they did not receive syphilis tests or they completed less than 80.00% of the key questions in the survey. Chi-square tests were used to understand the socio-demographic and behavioral differences between each group. Results of syphilis tests were also compared. Logistic regression models were used to test the statistical significance of these differences.

RESULTSA total of 32 701 MSM were enrolled and received syphilis testing. The average age of participates was 30.96 ± 9.57. And among them, 2 284 cases (7.0%) were recruited from gay bathhouses, 4 774 (14.6%) from gay bars, 6 266 (19.2%) from the internet, 1 997 (6.1%) from the parks/toilets and 17 380 (53.1%) from other channels. MSM recruited from the bathhouses had the highest syphilis infection rate than other 4 groups: gaybars (4.5%, 216/4 774), internet (6.7%, 422/6 266), parks/toilets (8.3%, 166/1 997), other channels (6.4%, 1 103/17 380) (χ² = 164.58, P < 0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being > 20 years of age (P < 0.001), having more than 2 homosexual partners in recent 3 months (8.0% (1 408/17 714), OR (95% CI) = 1.44 (1.04-1.98)), having no sex with females in past 3 months (6.8% (1 446/21 276), OR (95% CI) = 1.25 (1.07-1.46)), and not using condom at last anal sex (8.0% (769/9 668), OR (95% CI) = 1.13 (1.03-1.25)) were associated with a higher probability of being infected with syphilis. Whereas MSM married (7.2% (456/6 305), OR (95% CI) = 0.84 (0.73-0.98)), having a college or a higher education (5.3% (829/15 684), OR (95% CI) = 0.60 (0.53-0.67)), being local residents (6.5% (1 843/28 185), OR (95% CI) = 0.73 (0.61-0.87)) and living in the local province of project cities (6.6% (170/2 593), OR (95% CI) = 0.67 (0.53-0.85)) were protective factors.

CONCLUSIONMSM who were recruited from gay bathhouses have a higher rate of syphilis infection than those in channels relatively. They are older, with low education levels and high-risk sexual behaviors. Tailored interventions are required in the future, especially for MSM from gay bathhouses.

Adult ; China ; Condoms ; Demography ; Homosexuality, Male ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Safe Sex ; Sexual Behavior ; Sexual Partners ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Syphilis ; Universities

Objective:To identify the dosimetric and radiobiological differences of three radiotherapy techniques of whole breast irradiation with simultaneous integrated boost (WBI-SIB) following breast-conserving surgery for early breast cancer (EBC).Methods:The data of 20 patients with early left-sided breast cancer who received radiotherapy following breast-conserving surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Three radiotherapy techniques, namely hybrid intensity-modulated radiotherapy (HIMRT), intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), were redesigned with the same prescription dose and target conditions. Then, doses to target volume (TV) and organs at risk (OAR), along with the normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) and secondary cancer risk (SCR) for specific organs, were compared.Results:Compared to HIMRT and IMRT, VMAT led to significant decreases in various dosimetric indices of the affected lung and heart and increases in the Dmean doses to the healthy lung and healthy breast and V5 Gy doses to the healthy breast, with the differences being significantly different ( P < 0.05). The average NTCP values of cardiac death, radiation pneumonitis, and pulmonary fibrosis induced by VMAT were 0.41%, 1.62%, and 23.59%, respectively, significantly lower than those caused by other two techniques ( P < 0.05). No statistical differences were found in 10 dosimetric indices of OAR between IMRT and HIMRT, while the NTCP analysis suggested that the risks of cardiac death ( t = 2.70, P < 0.05) and pulmonary fibrosis ( t =4.11, P < 0.05) induced by IMRT were slightly lower than those caused by HIMRT. In addition, the excess absolute risk (EAR) to the healthy lung posed by VMAT was 1.65 and 1.83 times those induced by HIMRT and IMRT, respectively ( z = -3.92, t = -6.43, P < 0.05). In contrast, the EAR to the healthy breast induced by VMAT was 2.79 and 2.65 times those posed by HIMRT and IMRT, respectively ( z = -3.21, -3.70, P < 0.05). Conclusions:Among three intensive-modulated radiotherapy techniques of WBI-SIB for EBC, VMAT provides the optimal protection for the heart and affected lung but leads to the highest SCR to the healthy lung and breast. When VMAT is employed for young EBC patients or those with normal cardiopulmonary function, special attention should be paid to reducing low-dose irradiations to the healthy breast and thereby minimizing SCR. In contrast, VMAT might be more favorable for patients with pronounced cardiopulmonary risks or aged patients.

Objective: Based on the Chinese Medicine Heritage Auxiliary Platform (V2.5) software, to analyze the differences in prescriptions for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Vascular dementia in the literature of the past five years, and to find the rules of prescription. Methods: Screening CNKI, VIP, and Wan fang data for nearly 5 years to find the prescriptions for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and Vascular dementia, and constructing a prescription database through the Chinese Medicine Heritage Auxiliary Platform (V2.5) software, and utilizing the Data mining algorithms such as association rules and entropy clustering of the software. Compare the frequency of medication, the drug.s natural, flavor and channel tropism, the common drug pairs, the potential drug pairs, and the differences in the new prescriptions used in the treatment of senile dementia and vascular dementia. Results: 13 of the top 20 high frequency herbs used in AD and VD are the same, the other is different. Its common pathogenesis reflect the interaction of deficiency, stasis and phlegm, while the difference shows that AD focuses on spleen and kidney deficiency, insufficiency of essence and blood, but VD focuses on the interaction of phlegm blood stasis and toxic turbidity obstruction in collaterals. They both use warm herbs in nature and flavor, but AD mainly use sweet and warm herbs, followed by calm and cold herbs, while VD mainly use bitter and warm herbs, followed by cold and calm herbs; The channel tropisms both are mainly liver channel, followed by heart channel, spleen channel and kidney channel. In addition, 16 potential medicine pairs, 7 new prescriptions, 26 new prescriptions and 13 new prescriptions were found. Conclusion:Prescriptions for AD and VD have similarities and differences, with emphasis on each other, suggesting that the former focuses on warming Yang and invigorating spleen, while the latter focuses on resolving phlegm and removing blood stasis, detoxifying and awakening the brain.

It is great value to analyze the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease for the formulation and research of prevention and treatment strategies. The change of zang-fu meridians and collaterals is the essential rule of the pathogenesis of internal injury and miscellaneous diseases. Based on the analysis of the physiological basis of the aging changes of zang-fu meridians and the relationship between dementia and the abnormal function of zang-fu meridians and collaterals, this paper systematically explored the relationship between the changes of zang-fu meridians and the pathogenesis of dementia. It is considered that the change of zang-fu meridians and collaterals is the basic law of its pathogenesis development. Therefore, it is proposed that strengthening Qi is the essential principle throughout the whole process of dementia, and dredging channels and collaterals and maintaining normal function of meridians and collaterals are the key to block the pathogenesis evolution of dementia.

Objective To understand the syphilis infection and its high risk factors among men who have sex with men(MSM) recruited from different channels. Methods Supported by the China-Gates Foundation HIV program from July to December 2011, we cooperated with community based organizations to conduct syphilis testing intervention among MSM from 14 cities(Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing, Harbin, Shenyang, Qingdao, Xi'an, Nanjing, Wuhan, Hangzhou,Changsha, Kunming, and Guangzhou) and one province(Hainan province).Participants were recruited from different channels by the staff of local CBOs, Demographic(e.g. age, marital status, and education) and behavioral(e.g. condom use and sexual partners) data were collected using anonymous questionnaires. Blood samples were also collected to test for syphilis. A total of 34 100 MSM participated in the survey. Participants were excluded from data analysis(1 399, 4.1%) if they did not receive syphilis tests or they completed less than 80.00%of the key questions in the survey. Chi-square tests were used to understand the socio-demographic and behavioral differences between each group. Results of syphilis tests were also compared. Logistic regression models were used to test the statistical significance of these differences.Results A total of 32 701 MSM were enrolled and received syphilis testing. The average age of participates was 30.96±9.57. And among them, 2 284 cases(7.0%)were recruited from gay bathhouses, 4 774(14.6%)from gay bars, 6 266(19.2%)from the internet,1 997(6.1%) from the parks/toilets and 17 380(53.1%)from other channels.MSM recruited from the bathhouses had the highest syphilis infection rate than other 4 groups:gaybars(4.5%,216/4 774),internet(6.7%,422/6 266), parks/toilets(8.3%,166/1 997),other channels(6.4%,1 103/17 380)(χ2=164.58,P<0.001).The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being>20 years of age(P<0.001),having more than 2 homosexual partners in recent 3 months(8.0%(1 408/17 714),OR(95%CI)=1.44(1.04-1.98)), having no sex with females in past 3 months(6.8%(1 446/21 276),OR(95%CI)=1.25(1.07-1.46)), and not using condom at last anal sex (8.0%(769/9 668),OR(95%CI)=1.13(1.03-1.25)) were associated with a higher probability of being infected with syphilis. Whereas MSM married(7.2%(456/6 305),OR(95%CI)=0.84(0.73-0.98)), having a college or a higher education (5.3%(829/15 684),OR(95%CI)=0.60(0.53-0.67)),being local residents (6.5%(1 843/28 185),OR(95%CI)=0.73(0.61-0.87)) and living in the local province of project cities(6.6%(170/2 593),OR (95%CI)=0.67(0.53-0.85)) were protective factors.Conclusion MSM who were recruited from gay bathhouses have a higher rate of syphilis infection than those in channels relatively. They are older, with low education levels and high-risk sexual behaviors. Tailored interventions are required in the future, especially for MSM from gay bathhouses.