Objective:To explore the effect of problem-based learning (PBL) combined with case teaching method in the three-year probationary teaching of clinical urology in three-year higher vocational colleges.Methods:A total of 45 students from Class 1, Grade 2015, and 37 students from Class 2, Grade 2016 of Ningxia Medical University were selected as study subjects. They were divided into experimental group and control group. Forty-two students in experimental group were taught with PBL combined with case teaching method. 40 students in control group were taught with traditional clinical probation teaching method. Besides, a questionnaire survey was conducted among two groups of students in the Department of urology.Results:There was no significant difference in the scores of theoretical examination between the experimental group and the control group ( P>0.05). The scores of medical history collection, physical examination, practical skills and total scores were much higher in the experimental group than in the control group. The results of the questionnaire survey showed that the teaching of the experimental group could significantly motivate students' enthusiasm and participation, as well as enhance ability of self-study, information acquisition, innovation, analysis and problem-solving and team consciousness ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The new model of PBL combined with case teaching is helpful in improving students' academic performance, probation effect and comprehensive practical ability in urology internship teaching, which is worth being popularized in clinical teaching.