Objective To study the relationship between the changes of actin in cardiac muscle and skeletal myogen cells and postmortem interval in rats.Methods The changes of actin in cardiac muscle and skeletal myogen cells at different postmortem intervals were observed by immunohistochemical S-P method using anti-actin monoclonal antibody (HHF35)and analyzed by IBSA image analysis system.Results Within 54h postmortem,cardiac and skeletal muscles revealed depletion of HHF35 staining.The extent of HHF35-staining depletion increased with extension of postmortem interval.Statistical difference was significant in the data obtained by IBSA image analysis system (F cardiac muscle =588.27,F skeletal muscle =351.25,P

Liver cancer remains one of the leading cause of cancer death in the world.Animal models, especially mouse models, are important tools for studying the biological characteristics, pathogenesis, new drug screening and therapy of liver cancer.Up to now, although the development of various animal models accelerates the research of liver cancer, all the existing models have their own disadvantages.Lacking of economical and applicable animal models that can mimic the human liver cancer seriously restrict the further study of liver cancer.With the development of genetically modified technologies, it provides a fast, easy and reliable method to establish liver cancer models.In this review, we describe the different types of mouse models used in liver cancer research, with emphasis on genetically engineered mice used in this field, which may open an avenue for functional cancer genomics and generation of liver cancer models by using gene editing technologies.

Objective To compare the complication and long-term efficacy of standard and extended pancreaticoduodenectomy for carcinoma of the head of pancreas by meta-analysis.Methods A literature search was performed of PubMed,Web of Science,Springer,WanFang,CNKI and CBMDisc databases from January 1990 to August 2014.Qualitative analysis of these literatures was conducted using Jadad evaluation.Patients with pancreatic head carcinoma undergoing extended radical resection and standard radical resection were divided into treatment group (extended pancreaticoduodenectomy group,EPD) and control group (standard pancreaticoduodenectomy group,SPD),respectively.Based on the heterogeneity test,meta-analysis of a fixed-or random-effect model were used.Results A total of 5 studies suitable for the selection criteria were chosen,involving 597 patients (299 in EPDs and 298 in SPDs).The results of meta-analysis showed that the EPDs have significantly longer operative time (MD =64.36,95％ CI =23.88-104.85,P =0.002) and more dissected lymph nodes (MD =16.45,95％ CI =9.61-23.29,P ＜ 0.000 01) than SPDs.There was no statistical difference (OR =1.76,95 ％ CI =0.66-4.65,P =0.26) in postoperative complications (46.3％ vs 36.0％) mortality (OR =1.31,95％ CI =0.47-3.69,P =0.61),1-year survival rate (OR =0.70,95 ％ CI =0.49-0.99,P =0.05),3-year survival rate (OR =0.79,95％ CI =0.55-1.15,P =0.22),and 5-year survival rate (OR =-0.02,95％ CI =-0.17-0.12,P =0.77).Conclusions Compared with standard radical resection,extended radical resection for pancreatic head carcinoma does not prolong the postoperative 1-,3-,and 5-year survival rates with comparable postoperative mortality and morbidity and prolonged operative time.

Objective To compare the effects of intramuscular or subcutaneous forearm parathyroid autotransplantation after total parathyroidectomy on patients with renal hyperparathyroidism.Methods From Jan.2012 to Dec.2013,total parathyroidectomy was carried out in 90 patients with renal hyperparathyroidism.According to the location of their parathyroid autograft,patients were divided into intramuscular group (n =39)and subcutaneous group(n =51).One patient in the intramuscular group and two in the subcutaneous group were excluded for the high levels of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) the day after operation.iPHT was analyzed 2 weeks,1 month,3 and 6 months after surgery.Results The time of autotransplantation was significantly shorter in subcutaneous group than in intramuscular group (11.46 (2.63) min vs 22.12 (3.78) min;t =0.632,P ＜ 0.05).iPTH levels were significantly lower in subcutaneous group than in intramuscular group 2 weeks after operation (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between the 2 groups regarding iPTH levels at 1 month,3 or 6 months after surgery.In the follow-up one patient in intramuscular group and one in subcutaneous group had graft-dependent hyperparathyroidism.Conclusion As compared to intramuscular parathyroid autotransplantation,subcutaneous parathyroid autotransplantation has advantages of simpler to operate,shorter autoimplantation time and easier to autograftectomy.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic and adverse effects of short-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods By way of follow-up and retrospective study, 256 patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus receiving two weeks of CSII therapy were analyzed in our diabetes center. The parameters, such as blood glucose level after two-week CSII therapy, time needed to control hyperglycemia, insulin dosage and the rate of hypoglycemic episodes were observed and recorded. Results The optimal glycemic control rates after 3 days, 7 days, 2 weeks were 46.7%, 78.4%, 92.2% respectively. The remission rates of patients who maintained optimal glycemic control at the third, sixth, twelfth, twenty-fourth and thirty-sixth months and more than 48 months after withdrawal of insulin were 75%, 64.8%, 53.5%, 30.9%, 10.2% and 0%, respectively. In patients with a period of remission over 3 months,the daily total insulin requirement on the day of withdrawal of CSII was less than that in patients with remission less than 3 months (P＜0.01). The duration of remission was negatively correlated to daily insulin requirement on the day of CSII withdrawal(r=-0.63, P＜0.01). Conclusion Patients with newly-diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus can quickly achieve optimal glycemic control by CSII. CSII may decrease glucotoxicity to pancreatic β cells and delay the deterioration of β-cell function .

To compare the effect of insulin glargine combined with nateglinide and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion(CSII) during intraoperative period in type 2 diabetic patients with fracture. Both of the managements made blood glucose under control [fasting blood glucose(6.89±1.96)vs(6.75±2.33)mmol/L] in similar period [(3.6±1.6)vs(2.9±1.2) d,both P>0.05]. The mean blood glucose was lower in patients treated by CSII than that of the other group.

Objective To study the clinical effect of total parathyroidectomy with subcutaneous autotransplantation (TPTX + AT) in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism(SHPT) in patients with chronic renal failure.Methods One hundred and thirty-four patients undergoing TPTX + AT in our hospital from January 2013 to October 2014 were includud in this study.The preoperative,postoperative and follow-up intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH),serum calcium,serum phosphorus and calcium-phosphorus product were statistically analyzed.The Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SFTM) scale was used to evaluate quality of life before and one year after parathyroidectomy.Postoperative complications and recurrence were observed.Results Postoperative iPTH,serum calcium,serum phosphorus and calciumphosphorus product decreased significantly compared with that before surgery.The difference had statistical significance (all P ＜ 0.05).One patient died in perioperative period.Temporary injury of recurrent laryngeal nerve was found in eight patients.Early postoperative hypocalcemia was frequently seen in 124 patients (92.5％) and in 7 cases (5.2％) occured intractable hypocalcemia.The quality of life was significantly improved one year after parathyroidectomy.Recurrence developed in 5 patients after operation.Conclusions TPTX + AT is safe and effective in the treatment of SHPT in patients with chronic renal failure and can significantly improve the patient's quality of life.

Objective To investigate the short-term clinical outcome and radiographic assessment of Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion to indirectly decompress for the degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis with or without lumbar spine instability.Methods All of 15 patients with diagnosis of degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis with or without lumbar spine instability (7 males and 8 females,age from 36y to 86,mean age 53.5± 15.2 y) were treated with OLIF surgery in our spine surgery center.The main symptoms included lumbar pain with unilateral or bilateral leg pain or intermittent claudication.The Visual analogue scale (VAS),Oswestry disability index (ODI),Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) and SF-36 scores were used to assess the clinical effect pre and post-operatively while radiographic assessments were compared as well as comprehensive evaluation of the radiography,MRI,and CT images.Results All patients were followed up for an average of 12.5 (6-21) months.And all the patients enjoyed alleviation of symptoms although varying in extent.The radiographic results showed satisfactory indirect decompression of the neuro-elements,as well as reduction of the lumbar spine.The DH,VH and FH increased by 3.6mm,4.8mm and 5.7mm respectively.The foraminal area (FA) and canal area (CA) enlarged by 44.2mm2 and 24.8mm2.The canal diameters (CD) and disk-flavum ligamentum space (DLFS) increased by 2.5mm and 2mm respectively.The foraminal diameters (FD) increased by 0.3mm,but there was not significantly different.The segment angle and lumbar lordosis angle were partially restored after operation,and the angle increased by 14 ° and 13.6 °respectively.One of the patients had a transient paresthesia and mild weakness of muscle when hip flexor and recovered within 3 months.Another one case encountered serious back pain after a month and alleviated after reoperation with PPF.Conclusion OLIF can provide a satisfactory outcome for the patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis through indirectly decompression,which can increase the disc height,foramen height,canal diameter and disk-flavum ligamentum space.

Purpose To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics and treatment of combined hepatocellular carcinoma-cholangio carcinoma (cHCC-CC).Methods 24 cases of cHCC-CC were collected.The clinical pathological characteristics,imaging,immunophenotyping and clinical features were retrospectively analyzed and reviewed the literature.Results There were 18 males and 6 females in 24 cases of cHCC-CC.The age ranged from 36 to 68 years (mean age was 54.38).Tumour location:right hepatic lobe in 15 cases,left hepatic lobe in 6 cases,both left lobe and right hepatic lobe in 1 case,hepatic caudate and left lateral lobe in 1 case,diffuse nodular liver tumors in 1 case.Grossly,the texture and color of tumor was related to the composition of tumor.Microscopically,classic cHCC-CC had two areas composed of hepatocellular carcinoma area and cholangiocar cinoma area of mixed distribution or migration distribution.3 cases were cHCC-CC with stem cell properties (cholangiolocellular carcinoma type,CLC type).Immunohistochemical staining revealed that HCC like area mainly expressed CD10,CK8,Hepatocyte and CD10,cHCC-CC area expressed CK7 and EMA.CLC type expressed the immunophenotypic features of intermediate type of HCC.Conclusion The clinical manifestations of cHCC-CC are not specific,the preoperative diagnosis is difficult,and it should be combined with pathological characteristics,imaging features and immunophenotype diagnosis.