Objective:To evaluate the characteristics of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in renal VX2 tumors.Methods: VX2 tumors were transplanted into 12 rabbit kidneys and observations were made by contrast-enhanced ultrasonography 7,14 and 21 days after the transplantation respectively.Results: The best intervention time was 2-3 weeks after the tumor transplantation,while nicrosis was apt to occur after 3 weeks.The visibility of the renal tumors was significantly increased from 57.1%(12/21) to 100%(21/21).Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography showed defect and delineation of VX2 tumors. Conclusion: Contrast-enhanced ultrasonography can improve the peripheral and internal blood flows of the tumors promote the diagnosis of renal tumors.

AIM:To investigate the expression of visfatin in the placenta of patients with preeclampsia and its significance.METHODS:The pregnant women (n=100) were divided into normal pregnancy group , mild preeclampsia group and severe preeclampsia group according to the severity of the disease .The pathological changes of the placenta were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining .The expression of visfatin at mRNA and protein levels in the placenta was detected by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively .RESULTS:Compared with normal pregnancy group , the patho-logical changes of the placenta in preeclampsia groups was significant , showing that the structure and the form were disor-dered and incompleted in both cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts .The proliferation of cytotrophoblasts and the num-bers of the placental villi with syncytial knots were observed .The vascular numbers of villi were decreased and congested . The results of immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR showed that the visfatin protein was observed in the cytoplasm of cy-totrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts among 3 groups.The expression of visfatin at mRNA and protein levels was in-creased with the severity of the preeclampsia .CONCLUSION:The injury and dysfunction of vascular endothelial cells in the villi exist in the patients with preeclampsia .High expression of visfatin at mRNA and protein levels in placenta of the patients with preeclampsia indicates that visfatin is closely related to preeclampsia .

AIM: To explore the serum levels of visfatin (VF) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the patients with pre-eclampsia (PE) and their correlation with insulin resistance (IR).METHODS: The severe PE pa-tients (n =30), mild PE patients (n =30) and normal pregnant women (n =40) were selected according to the classifica-tion standard of PE.The serum levels of VF and TNF-αwere measured by ELISA.Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin (FIns) were detected by glucose oxidase method and radioimmunoassay, respectively.Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C) were measured by an automatic biochemical analyzer.According to calculating the mean arterial pressure (MAP), body mass index (BMI) and homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), the correlation between IR and the levels of serum VF as well as TNF-αwere analyzed.RESULTS: The levels of VF and TNF-αin severe PE group and mild PE group were significantly lower than those in normal pregnancy group (P <0.05).In addition, the levels of VF and TNF-αin severe PE group were lower than those in mild PE group (P <0.05).Linear correlation analysis showed that serum VF was positively correlated with TNF-αand HDL-C (P <0.05), and negatively with MAP and FIns (P <0.05). The serum TNF-αwas positively correlated with HDL-C (P <0.05), and negatively with BMI, TG, MAP and FIns (P <0.05).Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that FBG, FIns and HOMA-IR were relative independent factors of se-
rum VF and TNF-α(P <0.05).CONCLUSION: Serum levels of VF and TNF-αare closely related to IR.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the biocompatibility and degradation rate of crosslinking sodium hyaluronate gel with different ratio of molecular weight, so as to choose the effective, safe and totally degraded hyaluronate gel for aesthetic injection.

METHODS(1) Compound colloid was formed by cross-linking the divinyl sulphone and sodium hyaluronate with different molecular weight (4 x 10(5), 8 x 10(5), 10 x 10(5), 12 x 10(5)). (2) Healthy level KM mice was randomly divided into two groups to receive hyaluronic acid gel or liquid injection. Each group was subdivided into three subgroup to receive hyaluronic acid with different molecular weight. The biocompatibility and degradation rate, of hyaluronate were observed at 7, 90, 180 days after injection. At the same time, different molecular weight of sodium hyaluronate gel is sealed or exposed respectively under the low temperature preservation to observe its natural degradation rate. (3) The most stable colloid was selected as aesthetic injector for volunteers to observe the aesthetic effect.

RESULTSThe sodium hyaluronate gel with molecular of 4 x 10(5) was completely degraded 90 days later. The sodium hyaluronate gel with molecular of 8 x 10(5) was completely degraded 180 days later. The sodium hyaluronate gel with molecular of 10 x 10(5) was degraded to 90.0% after 180 days. The sodium hyaluronate liquid can be degraded completely within 7 days. The colloid could be kept for at least 12 months when sealed under low temperature, but was totally degraded when exposed for I d. Sodium hyaluronate gel with molecular 10 x 10(5) was confirmed to be kept for at least 6 months in animal experiment and clinical trials.

CONCLUSIONSUnder the same condition of material ratio, the higher the molecular weight is, the lower the degradation rate is. But the liquidity of gel is not good for injection when molecular weight is too large. It suggests that Sodium hyaluronate gel with molecular 10 x 10(5) maybe the best choice in cosmetic injections.

Animals ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Hyaluronic Acid ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Mice ; Molecular Weight ; Random Allocation

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of swallowing training supplemented with neuromuscular electrical stimulation to provide a reference for clinical treatment and further study.Methods Reports of randomized and controlled trials of surface neuromuscular electrical stimulation in treating post-stroke dysphagia were sought in the Cochrane library,the PubMed and Embase databases,the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL),and also in the ProQuest,PsycARTICLES,CBMdisc,China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI),CQVIP database and Wanfang databases.All of the literature found was evaluated by 2 researchers according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria and the data were extracted and combined.Then meta-analysis was performed using version 5.3 of the RevMan software package.Results Eleven randomized and controlled trials involving 576 patients were included in the meta-analysis.Together,the data showed that swallowing training supplemented by neuromuscular electrical stimulation is significantly more effective than swallowing training alone in improving swallowing function.It reduces the risk of aspiration and improves quality of life.It does not,however,generally shorten the pharyngeal transmit time.Conclusions Swallowing training supplemented with neuromuscular electrical stimulation is a promising approach for treatment of post-stroke dysphagia and warrants further study.

Objective To analyze the TCM literature of stomachache based on content analysis, and to explore the law of selecting points in nursing of qi stagnation syndrome. Methods Terms such as"stomachache","distension","belching","gastritis""functional dyspepsia"and"peptic ulcer"were used as the characteristic words, and the CNKI, Wanfang data, VIP, CBM, Pubmed and Embase databases were retrieved to find literature of acupoint therapies for this symptom, while snowball was conducted to expand the literature. SPSS20.0 and Rost Content Mining 5.8 softwares were used to analyze the contents of the included literature, and to explore the syndrome differentiation rules of acupoint therapy in patients with stomachache of qi stagnation. Results Totally 279 Chinese and 27 English articles were included. Through bibliometric analysis, word frequency statistics and cluster analysis, the most commonly used acupoint therapies included acupuncture, acupoint massage, acupoint application, acupoint embedding, acupoint injection. The most common selected acupoints of qi stagnation syndrome was Zusanli, Zhongwan, Neiguan, Taichong, Qimen, Zhangmen, Pishu, Weishu and Ganshu. Conclusions The application of content analysis method in the field of TCM nursing provides a scientific method for summarizing the literature in the future, and is worthy of popularization and application in clinical nursing.

Objective:To systematically assess the diagnostic value of automated breast volume scanning (ABVS) versus hand-held ultrasound (HHUS) in benign and malignant breast lesions.Methods:The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, Ovid, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, Wanfang, China Biology Medicine (CBM) and other databases were searched from the beginning of database construction to January 2022. Relevant literatures were screened and included, and the characteristics of the literatures were extracted. Meta-disc 1.4 statistic software was used to analyze the pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR), specificity, sensitivity, 95% CI, the summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve and the area under the curve of ABVS and HHUS. The heterogeneity and publication bias were also evaluated. Results:A total of 26 studies were included. Heterogeneity test showed no threshold value effect; random effect model was used to pool specificity, sensitivity and DOR.The pooled sensitivity of ABVS and HHUS was 0.86 (95% CI 0.84-0.87), 0.80 (95% CI 0.78-0.82), respectively; I2 was 89.7% and 82.3%, respectively; the pooled specificity of ABVS and HHUS was 0.91 (95% CI 0.90-0.92), 0.84 (95% CI 0.83-0.86), I2 was 89.7% and 92.2%, respectively. AUC of ABVS, HHUS, and joint diagnosis of the two was 0.954, 0.883, 0.958, respectively. No evidence of publication bias was shown in the funnel plot analysis. Conclusion:ABVS has a higher clinical value compared with HHUS in the diagnosis of benign and malignant breast lesions.

Objective:To construct and verify a prognosis model of nomogram for the patients with locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Methods:7 118 clinical cases with locally advanced OSCC from 2010 to 2015 in SEER database were in-cluded and randomly divided into training set(TS)and validation set(VS)by a 7:3 ratio.In TS,univariate and multivariate Cox proportional risk models were used to screen and determine the prognostic factors of locally advanced OSCC,and a nomogram predic-tion model was constructed to predict the cancer specific survival rate(CSS)of patients in 3 and 5 years.In TS and VS,the consis-tency index(C-index)and ROC curves were used to evaluate the differentiation of the model,the calibration curves were used to eval-uate the prediction accuracy of the model,and the decision curve analysis(DC A)method was used to evaluate the clinical applicabil-ity of the model.Results:4 984 and 2 134 cases were respectively included in TS and VS.No statistical difference of the analysis in-dexes was found between the 2 sets(P＞0.05).10 risk factors affecting the prognosis of the patients with locally advanced OSCC were identified in TS,including age,sex,race,marital status,location of onset,degree of histological differentiation,T stage,N stage,with or without operation and radiotherapy(P＜0.05).In the TS and VS,the C-index of the nomogram was 0.702 and 0.704 respectively,and the AUC of the 3-year and 5-year CSS was between 0.727 and 0.736.The calibra-tion curves showed that the 3-and 5-year CSS predicted by the nomogram model was in good agreement with the actual CSS.The DCA curves showed that the clinical benefit of the nomogram was better than that of the 7th e-dition of the AJCC TNM staging system.Conclusion:The nomogram constructed in this study can accurately predict the survival rate of OSCC patients with locally advanced tumor.

Objective To investigate the current situation of primary caregivers who suffer from violent attacks from patients with severe mental disorder outside of the hospital .Methods A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate 208 caregivers of patients with severe mental disorders from one psychiatry hospital in Beijing.Results The incidence rate of violent behaviors to primary caregivers outside of the hospital was 74.03%;during which verbal assault accounted for 61.54%, threats accounted for 54.33% and physical attacks accounted for 45.19%.Patients often attacked caregivers with their bare hands .Caregivers normally suffered with soft tissue injury and great pain after receiving attack .The main cause of violent attacks was the domination of psychiatric symptoms (81.81%).The main way to deal with these attacks for caregivers was tolerance (69.48%).Multiple-factor analysis showed patients with elder age had low risk , and patients with low education level, single, involuntary hospitalization and many times hospitalization had high risk . Conclusions Primary caregivers suffer a high incidence rate of violent attacks and cannot deal with this properly.Effective nursing interventions should be made in hospitals and communities .Health education should be provided for caregivers to achieve effective intervention and reduce violent attacks and boost the confidence and life quality of caregivers .

Cationic PLG nanoparticles and liposome were prepared and used as package molecules to pack up pUC18-CpG. The effects of the packed pUC18-CpG on the cellular and humoral immune responses were detected in the mice that were inoculated with pig paratyphoid vaccine. The results showed that compared with the control, the amount of IgG and the titre of specific antibody were significantly increased in the sera of mice immunized with the CpG plasmid entrapped by cationic PLG nanoparticles; the proliferation and induced IL-2 bioactivity of lymphocytes were significantly enhanced in the spleen of the immunized mice; the stimulatory effect of cationic PLG nanoparticles was similar to or stronger than that of cationic liposome. These indicated that cationic PLG nanoparticle could be employed as an effective package molecule to promote the immunostimulatory effect of pUC18-CpG.
Adjuvants, Immunologic ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Liposomes ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Nanostructures ; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides ; pharmacology ; Swine ; Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines ; immunology