Estrogen receptor binding assay is to assess the estrogenic activity of chemicals by determining the ability of competing with 17?-estradiol to bind with estrogen receptor.It has the strengths of simplicity,speediness with good reproducibility.This literature reviewed mainly the mechanism,the research progress,test method,influencing factors of this assay as well as its application.

The object of using parasitic germplasm resource is to raise the technical level to control parsitosis for domestic animal and poultry.A total of 1 036 parasitic species collected from 16 kinds of domestic animals and poultries were reported in South-western China,where is one of the most serious areas for parasitosis transmission in China.This paper described the research and use of the new techniques on diagnosis,surveillance and control of parasitosis in domestic animal and poultry in Sichuan and South-western China,especially on applying resources of parasitic species in the pilot areas,so that the capacity of control and prevent of parasitosis in sheep,pig and dairy cattle farms were reasonably improved.

Objective To explore the effects of motor training in sulfureted hydrogen miniral spring on neurological function after spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods 80 SCI patients were divided into treatment (n=40) and control group (n=40). They all accepted comprehensive rehabilitation, while the treatment group accepted motor training in sulfureted hydrogen miniral spring in addition. They were assessed with ASIA scale, modified Barthel index (MBI), Ashworth scale, visual analogue scale (VAS) and limbs circumference. Results There was not significant difference between both groups after treatment in ASIA scores of motor and sense, but was in Ashworth scale (P<0.05), VAS (P<0.01), limbs circumference (P<0.01), MBI (P<0.01, not in walk), which the treatment group improved more. Conclusion Motor training in sulfureted hydrogen miniral spring can further improve the activities of daily living and neurological function

Objective To evaluate the surgical techniques and clinical efficacy of retroperitoneoscopic ligation of renal lymphatic vessels outside adipose capsule and inside adipose capsule for comparison in the treatment of chyluria.Methods Retrospective anal-ysis of the retroperitoneal laparoscopic adipose capsule of kidney pedicle lymphatic duct ligation(group Ⅰ)and adipose capsule pathways in the kidney totally or subtotally free renal pedicle lymphatic ligation(group Ⅱ)and 1 1 1 patients with chyluria clinical data,compared two groups of operation time,bleeding volume,the rate of analgesia,postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery time,drainage time,postoperative recovery time,postoperative hospital stay and postoperative complications and other index differ-ence.Results Retroperitoneal laparoscopic operation group of adipose capsule in operation time,bleeding volume,postoperative an-algesia,postoperative gastrointestinal function recovery time,drainage time,postoperative recovery time,postoperative hospital stay and postoperative complications were better than the adipose capsule of kidney totally or subtotally free operation group,the differ-ence was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Retroperitoneal laparoscopic renal adipose capsule of kidney pedicle lym-phatic disconnection for the treatment of chyluria effect,and adipose capsule operation ways,the method less trauma,quicker recov-ery,can completely replace the renal adipose capsule total or Sub-total of free kidney pedicle lymphatic disconnection operation,wor-thy of clinical application.

AIM:To investigate the expression of visfatin in the placenta of patients with preeclampsia and its significance.METHODS:The pregnant women (n=100) were divided into normal pregnancy group , mild preeclampsia group and severe preeclampsia group according to the severity of the disease .The pathological changes of the placenta were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining .The expression of visfatin at mRNA and protein levels in the placenta was detected by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively .RESULTS:Compared with normal pregnancy group , the patho-logical changes of the placenta in preeclampsia groups was significant , showing that the structure and the form were disor-dered and incompleted in both cytotrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts .The proliferation of cytotrophoblasts and the num-bers of the placental villi with syncytial knots were observed .The vascular numbers of villi were decreased and congested . The results of immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR showed that the visfatin protein was observed in the cytoplasm of cy-totrophoblasts and syncytiotrophoblasts among 3 groups.The expression of visfatin at mRNA and protein levels was in-creased with the severity of the preeclampsia .CONCLUSION:The injury and dysfunction of vascular endothelial cells in the villi exist in the patients with preeclampsia .High expression of visfatin at mRNA and protein levels in placenta of the patients with preeclampsia indicates that visfatin is closely related to preeclampsia .

Objective To investigate the family burden of patients with severe mental illness. Methods 148 patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder were assessed with Family Burden Scale of disease (FBS). Results Family burden broadly exists among those patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, and the burden tends to involve several dimensions, including family relations (51%), home entertainment (50%), daily routine (45%), economic burden (43%), mental health of family members (36%) and physical health of family members (32%). Conclusion Integrated psychological and social intervention should be made to reduce the family burden of patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.

Objective:To construct and verify a prognosis model of nomogram for the patients with locally advanced oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).Methods:7 118 clinical cases with locally advanced OSCC from 2010 to 2015 in SEER database were in-cluded and randomly divided into training set(TS)and validation set(VS)by a 7:3 ratio.In TS,univariate and multivariate Cox proportional risk models were used to screen and determine the prognostic factors of locally advanced OSCC,and a nomogram predic-tion model was constructed to predict the cancer specific survival rate(CSS)of patients in 3 and 5 years.In TS and VS,the consis-tency index(C-index)and ROC curves were used to evaluate the differentiation of the model,the calibration curves were used to eval-uate the prediction accuracy of the model,and the decision curve analysis(DC A)method was used to evaluate the clinical applicabil-ity of the model.Results:4 984 and 2 134 cases were respectively included in TS and VS.No statistical difference of the analysis in-dexes was found between the 2 sets(P＞0.05).10 risk factors affecting the prognosis of the patients with locally advanced OSCC were identified in TS,including age,sex,race,marital status,location of onset,degree of histological differentiation,T stage,N stage,with or without operation and radiotherapy(P＜0.05).In the TS and VS,the C-index of the nomogram was 0.702 and 0.704 respectively,and the AUC of the 3-year and 5-year CSS was between 0.727 and 0.736.The calibra-tion curves showed that the 3-and 5-year CSS predicted by the nomogram model was in good agreement with the actual CSS.The DCA curves showed that the clinical benefit of the nomogram was better than that of the 7th e-dition of the AJCC TNM staging system.Conclusion:The nomogram constructed in this study can accurately predict the survival rate of OSCC patients with locally advanced tumor.

Objective To investigate the current situation of primary caregivers who suffer from violent attacks from patients with severe mental disorder outside of the hospital .Methods A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate 208 caregivers of patients with severe mental disorders from one psychiatry hospital in Beijing.Results The incidence rate of violent behaviors to primary caregivers outside of the hospital was 74.03%;during which verbal assault accounted for 61.54%, threats accounted for 54.33% and physical attacks accounted for 45.19%.Patients often attacked caregivers with their bare hands .Caregivers normally suffered with soft tissue injury and great pain after receiving attack .The main cause of violent attacks was the domination of psychiatric symptoms (81.81%).The main way to deal with these attacks for caregivers was tolerance (69.48%).Multiple-factor analysis showed patients with elder age had low risk , and patients with low education level, single, involuntary hospitalization and many times hospitalization had high risk . Conclusions Primary caregivers suffer a high incidence rate of violent attacks and cannot deal with this properly.Effective nursing interventions should be made in hospitals and communities .Health education should be provided for caregivers to achieve effective intervention and reduce violent attacks and boost the confidence and life quality of caregivers .

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of vitrectomy, inner limiting membrane (ILM) peeling, subretinal injection of compound electrolyte intraocular irrigation solution (CEIIS) and conbercept in the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) with hard exudate (HE) (DME-HE).Methods:A prospective clinical study. Thirty-three patients with DME-HE diagnosed by examination in Weifang Eye Hospital from June 2020 to February 2022 were included in the study. Among them, there were 15 males (16 eyes) and 18 females(20 eyes), with the mean age of (62.00±6.54) years. All patients underwent the examinations of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), scanning laser ophthalmoscope, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and multifocal electroretinography (mf-ERG). Snellen visual acuity chart was used for BCVA examination, which was converted into logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) BCVA for statistic analysis. Macular foveal retinal thickness (CMT) and macular volume (MV) were measured by OCT. The 1 ring P1 wave amplitude density was measured by mf-ERG. The patients were randomly divided into group A and group B, with 17 patients (18 eyes) and 16 patients (18 eyes), respectively. There were no significant differences in age, logMAR BCVA, HE area, CMT, MV, and 1 ring P1 wave amplitude density between the two groups ( t=0.403, 0.972, 0.291, 0.023, -0.268, -0.206; P>0.05). Group A was treated with vitrectomy, ILM peeling, and subretinal injection of CEIIS and conbercept (combined therapy). Group B was treated with intravitreal injection of conbercept (IVC). Follow-up was 12 months after treatment. The changes of BCVA, HE area, CMT, MV, 1 ring P1 wave amplitude density were compared between groups and groups after treatment. The times of injection and complications after treatment were observed. Independent sample t test was used for comparison between the two groups. Results:At 12 months after treatment, compared to before treatment, there were significant differences in logMAR BCVA ( F=14.837), HE area ( χ2=94.522), CMT ( χ2=199.212), MV ( χ2=81.914) and 1 ring P1 wave amplitude density ( F=8.933) in group A ( P<0.05); there were significant differences in CMT ( F=5.540) and MV ( F=7.836) in group B ( P<0.05). Compared between the two groups, logMAR BCVA: 1 week and 6 and 12 months after treatment, the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.231, -2.122, -3.196; P<0.05); HE area: except 1 week after treatment, there were statistically significant differences at other times after treatment ( t=-2.422, -3.107, -3.540, -4.119; P<0.05). CMT, MV, 1 ring P1 wave amplitude density: 12 months after treatment, the differences were statistically significant ( t=-2.653,-2.455, 2.204; P<0.05). During the follow-up period, the injection times of group A and group B were (3.06±1.89) and (5.56±2.04), respectively, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-3.815, P<0.05). Macular hole and vitreous hematoma were found in 1 eye in group A and 1 eye in group B. Conclusion:Vitrectomy, ILM peeling, subretinal injection of CEIIS and conbercept to treat DME-HE can effectively remove HE, alleviate macular edema, improve BCVA, and reduce CMT and MV. Combination therapy can reduce the number of IVC re-treatments.

Urinothorax is an uncommon complication following percutaneous nephrolithotomy. We present a case of dyspnea and fever after a percutaneous nephrostolithotomy, next chest CT indicated a significant left pleural effusion and urinothorax was confirmed by the pleural fluid analysis.Chest tube placement did not improve the patient’s dyspnea. The patient finally recovered after the thoracoscopic surgery.