Ischemic stroke is an important cause of death and disability.Hemorrhagic transformation (HT) is a serious complication of acute ischemic stroke,especially in patients receiving intravenous thrombolytic therapy.Identifying patients at high risk of HT is very important for improving stroke outcomes.Some studied have shown that several serum biomarkers can be used to predict HT risk in patients with acute ischemic stroke.This article reviews the serum biomarkers of HT after acute ischemic stroke.

ObjectiveTo study the application of three-dimensional simulated surgical technique in precise hepatectomy. MethodsFrom July 2009 to February 2010, 16 patients with primary liver cancer underwent preoperative simulated imaging and three-dimensional simulation of liver resection.The 3D extent of simulated hepatectomy and actual hepatectomy was compared and analyzed. ResultsThe shape and the extent of the liver resected were very similar in the simulated and the actual hepatectomies. The mean differences in the length, breadth and depth of the remnant livers were 0. 6118 cm,0. 4490 cm and 0. 3199 cm, respectively. ConclusionsSimulation hepatectomy could predict the extent of the actual liver resection, and provided accurate guidance and preoperative planning for precise hepatectomy.

Objective To illustrate if the racial coefficient (Rc) be biased by different reference GFR (rGFR) distribution among studies. Methods 1405 white and 321 African American participants in MDRD study and 684 chronic kidney disease(CKD)patients in Chinese eGFR Investigation Study were included.Firstly.the unweighted datasets of white and Chinese were stacked together.rGFR,age and plasma creatinine (Pcr) were log transformed.Linear regression model was constructed using log transformed rGFR as dependent,gender,race and log transformed Pcr and age as independent.Unweighted RC (uRC) for Chinese was calculated.Then.the Chinese CKD distribution of rGFR was weighted to be the same as that in White American.and weighted RC (wRC)for Chinese was calculated.The cases of White.and African-American were stacked together.The cases of African-American were weighted to make the rGFR distribution the same as that in White-American and Chinese population respectively,and RCs for African-American were calculated. Resuits The uRC for Chinese was 1.197(1.180-1.211)and the wRC was 1.130 (1.117-1.143).The two RCs did not overlap with each other.The RCs for African-American were 1.205(1.19-1.219)and 1.233(1.219-1.247)respectively. Conclusions The RCs were influenced by the difference of rGFR distribution.To find out the real RC.an intemational collaborative study iS needed,with the same rGFR measure method.strict control of Pcr measurement,and the same rGFR distribution.

OBJECTIVETo analyze the allele frequencies of 7 short tandem repeat (STR) loci (D12S1718, D12S1675, D12S358, D12S367, D12S1638, D12S1646 and D12S1682) on chromosome 12 among Kashing-Beck disease (KBD) patients and the control population living in the KBD areas and non-KBD area.

METHODSEDTA-blood specimens were collected from 102 unrelated individuals of Chinese Han population in Shaanxi province including 29 KBD patients,30 controls living in the KBD area and 43 living in the non-KBD area. DNA samples were extracted using the Wizard Genomic DNA purification kit (http://www. Promega. com) and were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The PCR products were analyzed by ABI 3100 Genetic Analyzer.

RESULTS(1) In KBD patients group, the allele number for 7 STR loci were 4,7,7,8,5,5 and 7, the genotype number were 5,12,13,11,10,9 and 13; (2) In the control population living in KBD area, the allele number for 7 STR loci were 4,9,7,6,6,6 and 8,t he genotype number were 5,10,12,14,12,9 and 13;(3) In the control population living in the non-KBD area, the allele number for 7 STR loci were 7,9,7,7,5,8 and 11, the genotype number were 9,16, 17,16,12,15 and 20;(4) Compared with the allele frequencies among three groups, there were significant differences between KBD patients and the controls living in the KBD area (D12S367: P = 0.034; D12S1638: P = 0.041) and the controls living in the non-KBD area (D12S367: P = 0. 029; D12S1638: P= 0 .028) in the D12S367 and D12S1638 loci; (5) There were significant differences among KBD patients (P = 0.036), controls living in the KBD area (P = 0.039) and controls living in the non-KBD area in the D12S1646.

CONCLUSIONThere was significant difference between KBD patients and the controls in the D12S367 and D12S1638 loci.

Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12 ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Loci ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Joint Diseases ; genetics ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; genetics

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of continuous erythropoietin receptor activator (C.E.R.A.) once every 4 weeks by subcutaneous administration on hemoglobin (Hb)maintenance in dialytic patients with chronic renal anemia who had been treated with stable dose of erythropoietin (EPO).Methods This was an open,randomized,controlled,multi-center trial.All the hemodialysis or peritoneal dialytic patients in EPO maintenance treatment received subcutaneous EPO-β during the 6-week pre-treatment period to maintain Hb level between 100 g/L and 120 g/L.Eligible patients were randomized (2∶1 ) to accept either C.E.R.A.once every 4 weeks by subcutaneous administration ( C.E.R.A.group,n =187 ) or subcutaneous EPO-β 1-3 times weekly ( EPO group,n =94) for 28 weeks (including 20-week dose titration period and 8-week efficacy evaluation period ). The starting dose of C.E.R.A.was converted according to the dose of EPO-β administered in the week preceding the first study drug administration.The primary outcome was the change of Hb level between the baseline and that in the efficacy evaluation period.Results Totally 253 patients completed the whole 28-week treatment.The change of baseline-adjusted mean Hb was +2.57 g/L for C.E.R.A.group and + 1.23 g/L for EPO group,resulting in a treatment difference of 1.34 g/L (95％ CI - 1.11-3.78 g/L).Since the lower limit of 95％ CI was greater than the pre-defined non-inferiority margin -7.5 g/L( P ＜ 0.0001 ),C.E.R.A.once every 4 weeks by subcutaneous administration was clinically non-inferior to EPO regarding the maintenance of stable Hb level.The proportion of patients maintaining Hb level within the range of 100-120 g/L through efficacy evaluation period was similar between the two groups ( 69.0％ for C.E.R.A.group vs 68.9％ for EPO group,P ＞0.05 ).The overall incidence of adverse events was similar between the C.E.R.A.(41.7％)and EPO (46.2％ ) groups ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The safety findings were in accordance with the patients' primary diseases rather than the administration.Conclusions Conversion from EPO to C.E.R.A.once every 4 weeks by subcutaneous injection could maintain the Hb in target level in dialytic patients with renal anemia,and it was non-inferior to EPO.In general,subcutaneous administration of C.E.R.A.is well tolerated in dialytic patients with chronic renal anemia.

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from multiple medical institutions across Hebei Province in 2015.Methods The bacterial data were collected from 53 member hospitals of Hebei Antimicrobial Resistance Investigation Net (HEBARIN) according to the unified surveillance program in Hebei province.WHONET 5.6 was used to review,analyze and summarize the surveillance data.The results were interpreted according to CLSI guideline 2014.Results A total of 2 408 strains of S.pneumoniae were included in this analysis.S.pneumoniae was the third most frequently isolated gram positive bacteria.More than 95％ of these S.pneumoniae strains were susceptible to vancomycin and moxifloxacin.However,96.4％,89.3％ and 67.4％ of these strains were resistant to erythromycin,clindamycin,and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,respectively.The antimicrobial susceptibility profile was similar between the strains isolated from adults and those isolates from children.Conclusions The antimicrobial resistance profile ofS.pneumoniae isolates in Hebei Province is generally consistent with the nation-wide data,except higher resistance level to a few antimicrobial agents.We should be alert to and control the emergence of resistant S.pneumoniae.