Through the map analysis of various metabolites in rat's urine, the biomarkers in syndrome suitable for Small Qing-Long Decoction (SQLD) were found out, which provided objective basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment. Based on the rat's urine nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum detection of the blank control group, the model group and the SQLD group, the data come from the map by MestRenova pretreatment and integration were analyzed using SIMCA-P+ by (PLS-DA). Then, the corresponding scatter diagram and diagram of loading were re-ceived and the differences of metabolites were found out by the comparison . The results showed that compared with the blank control group, contents of creatinine, guanidinoacetic acid, trimethylamine, taurine, allantoin metabolites in the model group had elevated. And the contents of succinic acid, 2-OG, lactic acid, glycine, methyl nicotine metabolite had decreased. After medication, contents of creatinine, trimethylamine, allantoin, taurine of SQLD group were still higher than the blank control group. However, the contents were reduced compared with the model group. The content of lactic acid was lower than the blank control group, but higher than the model group. There was no statistical significance on changes of guanidinoacetic acid, 2-OG, N-nornicotine. It was concluded that substances found were mainly related to energy metabolism, inflammation and immune resistance, which was especially related to energy metabolism change obviously.

Objective To determine the endogenous metabolites in blood of rats with Xiaoqinglong Decoction Syndrome by using GC-MS;To provide evidence for researches on the essence of Xiaoqinglong Decoction Syndrome. Methods Totally 36 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into blank control group (10 rats), model group (13 rats), and Xiaoqinglong Decoction group (13 rats). Model group and Xiaoqinglong Decoction group were used to make the models of exogenous cold and internal fluid syndrome (Xiaoqinglong Decoction Syndrome). Rats in Xiaoqinglong Decoction group received gavage with Xiaoqinglong Decoction, while rats in blank control group received nothing. Blood of rats in the three groups was taken from the abdominal aorta and detected by GC-MS 15 days later, and analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis with PLS-DA. Results 13 kinds of biomarkers were found:lactic acid, 3-hydroxy-butyric acid, glycine, serine, lysine, dextrose, arachidonic acid and other metabolites. Conclusion Expressions of biomarkers, such as lactic acid and glycine, are energy metabolism, immune function, and inflammation, which provide material basis for researches on the essence of Xiaoqinglong Decoction Syndrome.

Objective To assess the immune tolerance of allogeneic T cells induced by dendritic cells genetically engineered to express I?B? mutant. Methods DCs were prepared from WF rat bone marrow cells and modified by I?B?M gene wit h adenovirus vector, and then the expression of I?B? and I?B?M was detected by Western-blot. The cell-surface expression of costimulatory molecules (CD80, CD86 and CD40) was detected by flow cytometry, and the production of IL-12 in DCs culture supermatant was determined by ELISA. The ability to stimulate the pr oliferation of Lewis rat T cells was analyzed by mixed leukocyte reactions (MLR) . The antigen-specific T cell hyporesponsiveness was tested by secondary MLR. Results I?B?M suppressed the cell-surface expression of costimulatory molecules and i nhibited the production of IL-12. I?B?M-DC showed reduced ability to stimula te T cells proliferation, and potential to induce antigen-specific T cell hypo responsiveness. Conclusion Immune tolerance of T cells can be induced by dendritic cells genetically engine ered to express I?B? mutant.

Objective To summarize our operational experience in using unusual renal allografts.Methods The plastic operations of 326 unusual renal allografts were retrospectively and the renal transplant outcome was compared with 542 normal renal allografts an the same time. Results All the 326 unusual renal allografts were utilized. There was no significant difference between unusual renal allografts and usual ones in average serum creatinine level, acute tubular necrosis (ATN) and the survival rate of renal allgraft after 1 year. There was no complications related to plastic operation during or after kidney transplantation.Conclusions By making good use of various kinds of plastic operation, abnormal or injuried renal allografts can also be used safely without affecting the outcome after renal transplantation.

Objective To explore the effects of 1,25-(OH) 2-D 3 in combined with DBMC to induce tolerance on heterotopic rat cardiac allografts.Methods After the establishment of a stable rat cervical heterotopic heart transplantation model, inbred male Wistar rat hearts were transplanted to male SD rats. The experimental rats were divided into the following groups: Group A served as experimental control group, group B receiving 1,25-(OH) 2-D 3 5000 ng/kg, group C being treated with 1?10 8 DBMC, group D being treated with 1?10 8 DBMC in combined with 1,25-(OH) 2-D 3 5000 ng/kg and group E being treated with CsA 10?mg/kg. The survival time of donor hearts was observed, meanwhile, the donor specific mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and concentrations of TNF-alpha and ICAM-1 in grafts were measured. HE staining inspected all specimens of heart grafts.Results The mean graft survival time (days) in the groups A, B, C, D and E group was 7.2 ? 1.6 , 10.6 ? 2.3 , 12.4 ? 2.5 , 68.3 ? 9.9 and 17.5 ? 4.4 , respectively. The results showed there were significant differences in graft survival time between the group D and the other groups ( P

0.3). Conclusions Routine biopsy of donor renal graft is helpful in finding abnormalities as soon as possible.The lesions of donor renal graft may have certain correlation with CAN,but have no association with acute rejection or other abnormalities after renal transplantation.

Objective To retrospectively analyze the leukocytopenia caused by mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and summarize the methods of treatment.Methods Twenty five renal transplant recipients who suffered from leukocytopenia caused by MMF were divided into three groups: moderate group, severe group and critical group. The ways of treatment and prognosis were compared among them. Results The incidence of leukocytopenia caused by MMF was 4% (25/632). The effective rate in the severe and critical groups treated with recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG CSF) was 92%(12/13). To decrease the dosage of MMF could eliminate the risk of severe or critical leukocytopenia.Conclusion The drug suspensory leukocytopenia caused by MMF was not really unfrequent, but it could be treated by rhG CSF effectively. It was important to renal insufficient patients to decrease the dosage of MMF properly.

To explore a new way of constructing bioartificial renal tubule assist device (RAD) in vitro and its function of transporting sodium (Na(+)) and glucose and to evaluate the application of atomic force microscope in the RAD construction, rat renal tubular epithelial cell line NRK-52E was cultured in vitro, seeded onto the outer surfaces of hollow fibers in a bioreactor, and then cultured for two weeks to construct RAD. Bioreactor hollow fibers without NRK-52E cells were used as control. The morphologies of attached cells were observed with scanning electron microscope, and the junctions of cells and polysulfone membrane were observed with atomic force microscope. Transportation of Na(+) and glucose was measured. Oubaine and phlorizin were used to inhibit the transporting property. The results showed that NRK-52E cells and polysulfone membrane were closely linked, as observed under atomic force microscope. After exposure to oubaine and phlorizin, transporting rates of Na(+) and glucose were decreased significantly in the RAD group as compared with that in the control group (P<0.01). Furthermore, when the inhibitors were removed, transportation of Na(+) and glucose was restored. It is concluded that a new RAD was constructed successfully in vitro, and it is able to selectively transport Na(+) and glucose.

Objective To analyze the impact and its mechanism of down-regulation of AnnexinA2 expression on prostate cancer(PCa) invasion and metastasis.Methods The expression of AnnexinA2 in three prostate cancer cell lines with different metastasis ability,including LNCaP (lower metastasis ability),PC3 (lower metastasis ability),C4-2B (higher metastasis ability) were detected by Western blot.The correlations between the expression of AnnexinA2 and the metastasis ability of prostate cancer cells were also evaluated.The siRNA was used in PC3 cells to down-regulate the expression of AnnexinA2,the cell proliferation assay was performed by MTT method,the cell apoptosis level was detected by flow cytometry,the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were detected by Westrn blot,the in vitro invasiveness of PC3 was detected by transwell cabinet test,and the migration ability of PC3 cells was detected by scratch test,respectively.Results The grayscale value of AnnexinA2 expression in C4-2B cells is 0.22,in contrast with the internal reference,which was obviously lower than those of LNCaP and PC3 cells with lower metastasis potency(relative grey value is 0.93 and 0.95,respectively.P＜0.01).After RNAi was used in PC3 cells to down-regulate the expression of AnnexinA2,the growth became faster for PC3-ANXA2-siRNA cells than PC3,PC3-Lip and PC3-empty vector cells (P＜0.05).After RNAi was used in PC3 cells to down-regulate the expression of AnnexinA2,the ratio of apoptosis was detected by flowcytometry in PC3,PC3-Lip,PC3-empty vector and PC3-ANXA2-siRNA cells,and the apoptosis ratio in PC3-ANXA2-siRNA cells was the highest.However,the difference was not significant compare to others (P＞0.05).After RNAi was used in PC3 cells to downregulate the expression of AnnexinA2,the expression of AnnexinA2 in PC3-ANXA2-siRNA cells was decreased while the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were increased.After RNAi was used in PC3 cells to down-regulate the expression of AnnexinA2,invasiveness of PC3-ANXA2-siRNA cells detected by transwell cabinet test was increased in vitro,and migration of PC3-ANXA2-siRNA cells detected by scratch test was increased in vitro.Conclusions The down-regulation of expression of AnnexinA2 could increase the invasive and metastatic ability of prostate cancer,and this may attribute to the up-regulation of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression in prostate cancer.

Objective To explore the role of Schistosoma japonicum egg antigens in host immune response. Methods Female BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks were divided into two groups. The mice in the experiment group were administrated with 10 000 eggs of S.japonicum orally and injected with 200 ?g SEA via tail vein,once for a week. The mice in the control group were infected with PBS. The number of CD4+CD25+T cells was detected in a murine model treated by S. japonicum egg antigens,and the regulatory properties of CD4+CD25+ T cells were assessed while CD4+CD25+ T cells were cocultured with CD4+CD25-T cells. For the detection of murine TGF-? and IL-10,a DuoSet ELISA development kit was used. IL-4,IL-10 and IFN-? were detected by using flow cytometry. Results The number of CD4+CD25+T cells and the level of IL-10 increased in mice treated with S. japonicum egg antigens. CD4+CD25+T cells dramatically enhanced IL-10 production and decreased IFN-? production compared with the CD4+CD25-population. CD4+CD25+T cells suppressed the proliferation of CD4+T cells. Conclusion S. japonicum egg antigens downregulate the host immune response by inducing the production of CD4+CD25+ T cells and IL-10.