Abdominal aortic aneurysms(AAAs) is the most common aneurysm,and usually characterized by less symptom.While ruptured AAAs leads to high mortality.Abdominal ultrasonography can effectively detect AAA,decrease the AAAs-related mortality.However,screening AAAs causes some adverse outcomes,including psychological distress and immediate harms in treatment.Meanwhile,the prevalence of AAAs in sex and age is significantly different.Therefore,a reasonable and effective screening strategy is very important.This article search random control trials,systematic reviews,meta-analysis and guidelines in screening AAAs to obtain a reasonable screening strategy.

AIM: To observe the effects of H_2O_2 on apoptosis of skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSC)and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and protective effect of erythropoietin(EPO). METHODS: SMSC in vitro were divided into three groups: H_2O_2 group, H_2O_2+EPO group and control. Apoptosis rate and the means were obverted by monofluorescence flow cytometry. The morphological change of apoptosis cells were observed under fluorescence microscopy after Hoechst 33258 staining. RESULTS: The cells in H_2O_2 group show the highest apoptosis rate (22.13±1.79)%. In H_2O_2+EPO group, apoptosis rate were (16.47±2.53)%, (4.97±0.55)% and (2.93±0.47)% according to the EPO treated levels (10, 20 or 40 kU/L), respectively. MMP level in H_2O_2 group was the lowest 9.70±0.09. MMP levels in H_2O_2+EPO group were 12.67±0.32, 27.90±0.66, 44.53±0.93, respectively according to the EPO treated levels (10, 20 or 40 kU/L). In control group, apoptosis rate was 1.93±0.57 and MMP was 51.37±0.64. In H_2O_2 group and H_2O_2+ low dosage EPO group, Hoechst 33258 staining showed obvious apoptosis. CONCLUSION: EPO inhibits the apoptosis induced by H_2O_2 and stabilizes the MMP, which is related to the dosage of EPO.

To explore a new way of constructing bioartificial renal tubule assist device (RAD) in vitro and its function of transporting sodium (Na(+)) and glucose and to evaluate the application of atomic force microscope in the RAD construction, rat renal tubular epithelial cell line NRK-52E was cultured in vitro, seeded onto the outer surfaces of hollow fibers in a bioreactor, and then cultured for two weeks to construct RAD. Bioreactor hollow fibers without NRK-52E cells were used as control. The morphologies of attached cells were observed with scanning electron microscope, and the junctions of cells and polysulfone membrane were observed with atomic force microscope. Transportation of Na(+) and glucose was measured. Oubaine and phlorizin were used to inhibit the transporting property. The results showed that NRK-52E cells and polysulfone membrane were closely linked, as observed under atomic force microscope. After exposure to oubaine and phlorizin, transporting rates of Na(+) and glucose were decreased significantly in the RAD group as compared with that in the control group (P<0.01). Furthermore, when the inhibitors were removed, transportation of Na(+) and glucose was restored. It is concluded that a new RAD was constructed successfully in vitro, and it is able to selectively transport Na(+) and glucose.

Objective To investigate the effect of hydrogen peroxide (H_2O_2) on apoptosis and calcium ion concentration of skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs) in rats, and to explore the protective effect of erythropoietin (EPO).Methods The cultured SMSCs were divided into five groups: control group,H_2O_2 group, 10, 20 and 40 U/ml EPO intervention groups.Apoptosis rates and calcium ion concentration of SMSCs were analyzed by flow cytometry, and the morphology of apoptotic cells was observed by Hoechst33258 staining.Results The apoptosis rates showed significant differences (all P<0.05) among (1.93±0.57)% in control group, (22.13±1.79)% in H_2O_2 group, (16.47±2.53)%, (4.97±0.55)% and (2.93±0.47)% in 10, 20 and 40 U/ml EPO intervention groups, respectively.And calcium ion concentrations in SMSCs were 12.67 ±0.32, 27.90±0.06 and 44.53±0.93 in 10, 20 and 40 U/ml EPO intervention groups, respectively.There was significant difference in calcium ion concentration between H_2O_2 group and control group (9.70±0.09 vs.51.37± 0.64, P< 0.05).Morphology of apoptosis was observed by Hoeehst33258 dye stains in 10, 20 U/ml EPO intervention group and H_2O_2 group, while there were less apoptotic bodies in 40 U/ml EPO intervention group and control group.Conclusions EPO might have protective effects on SMSCs injured by H_2O_2 through inhibiting apoptosis and calcium ion releasing from SMSCs.

AIM:To investigate the proliferation property of stable chemerin gene knockdown vascular smooth muscle cells ( VSMCs) and to explore its mechanism .METHODS:The normal VSMCs , chemerin gene interfering control VSMCs and stable chemerin gene knockdown VSMCs were divided into normal group , PDGF group, control group and knockdown group .The VSMCs in PDGF group were given platelet-derived growth factor-BB ( PDGF-BB) to initiate proli-feration.The cell counting and BrdU assay were employed to investigate the proliferation property of VSMCs .The mitogen-activated protein kinase ( MAPK) signal pathway was determined by Western blot .RESULTS:The cell number and BrdU A value in PDGF-BB-treated VSMCs significantly increased as compared with the normal VSMCs ( P<0.05 ) .Compared with the normal VSMCs , the chemerin knockdown VSMCs showed obviously decreased cell number and BrdU A value ( P<0.05).Simultaneously, no significant difference in the proliferation of VSMCs between the normal VSMCs and the control VSMCs was observed.No significant difference of the protein levels of p-ERK1/2, ERK1/2, p-p38 MAPK and p38 MAPK among 4 kinds of VSMCs was found .The protein level of p-JNK in PDGF-BB-treated VSMCs was up-regulated, while it was down-regulated in chemerin knockdown VSMCs compared with the normal VSMCs .CONCLUSION: Chemerin pro-motes the proliferation of mouse vascular smooth muscle cells by up-regulating p-JNK production .

BACKGROUND:Previous studies have shown that a certain dose of acidic fibroblast growth factor can promote skeletal muscle satelite cel proliferationin vitro. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of transfection with acidic fibroblast growth factor by electroporation on growth, proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle satelite cels. METHODS: Skeletal muscle satelite cels were cultured and purified, and then transfected with plasmid pSectag-GFP-aFGF by electroporation. The expression of green fluorescent protein was observed under fluorescence microscope, and the transfection efficiency was calculated. After transfection, cel cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry to draw the growth curve of skeletal muscle satelite cels. Western blot assay was employed to measure protein level of acidic fibroblast growth factor. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Immunocytochemistry detection: The skeletal muscle satelite cels were positive for a-sarcomeric actin. (2) Transfection efficiency: At 12 hours after transfection with pSectag-aFGF, several cels showed green fluorescence, and the green fluorescent expression reached the peak at 72-96 hours after transfection with a positive rate of about 90%. (3) Cel cycle: After electrotransfection, the proportion of cels at S phase in the electroporation group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). (4) Cel growth curve: At 3 days after electrotransfection, the cels entered logarithmic growth phase but the proliferation slowed down at 5 days. (5) Differentiation capacity: There were fewer myotubes and aging cels in the electroporation group than the control group. (6) Western blot assay: Acidic fibroblast growth factor protein was highly expressed in the cels transfected with target gene detected by western blot assay. These findings indicate that by using electroporation method, acidic fibroblast growth factor can be transferred into skeletal muscle satelite cels and have a high-efficiency and long-term expression, which can promote the proliferation of skeletal muscle satelite cels and inhibit formation of myotubes.

BACKGROUND:Skeletal muscle satelite cels are muscle-derived stem cels with proliferation and differentiation potential distributing between the muscle cel membrane and the base film. Studies have shown that skeletal muscle satelite cels are of efficacy and safety, but the survival rate of the transplanted stem cels is very low, which greatly limits the application of skeletal muscle satelite cels. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Fasudil on apoptosis of skeletal muscle satelite cels induced by H2O2. METHODS: Skeletal muscle satelite cels cultured in vitro were randomly divided into three groups including H2O2group, H2O2+Fasudil group (Fasudil group) and control group. Apoptosis rates were observed by flow cytometry. The concentrations of interleukin-4 and tumor necrosis factor-a in each group were detected by ELISA. Western blot was employed to measure the protein level of Bax in each group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the H2O2group, a significant decrease was found in the apoptosis rate of cels, protein level of Bax, and concentrations of interleukin-4 and tumor necrosis factor-a in the Fasudil group (alP < 0.05). These findings indicate that Fasudil can play anti-apoptosis protection by inhibiting Rho-kinase signaling pathway, which may be related to the reduced expression of Bax.

Objective:To detect and verifica the gene profile difference of microRNA-146a (miR-146a) and its role in the pro-liferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) by gene chip technology. Methods: Artificially synthesized miR-146a mimics(50 nmol/L) ,miR-146 inhibitor ( 50 nmol/L ) , scramble ( 50 nmol/L ) and PBS were transfected into cultured primary rat VSMCs in vitro. After transfection,Real time PCR was used to measure the levels of miR-146a and the cell counting kit 8(CCK8) was employed to investigate the proliferation of VSMCs. The VSMCs interfered by miR-146a inhibitor or miR-146a control were examined by gene chips and the profile of gene were analyzed by bioinformatics technology to detect the different genes and signal transduction pathway. The changes in mRNAs and proteins were accessed separately by Real time PCR and Western blot. Results: Compared with sham and control VSMCs,miR-146a expression level was significantly decreased in treatment with miR-146a inhibitor(P<0. 01),as well as optical density(OD) was also shown remarkably down regulated simultaneously(P<0. 05). The investigation of gene profile revealed that the p53 signal pathway was up-regulated in VSMCs interfered by miR-146a. The mRNA and protein expression levels of p53, caspase3 and PTEN in p53 signal transduction pathway didn′t show significant differences(P>0. 05),however,the mRNA and protein expression levels of cyclin D1 significantly increased in treatment with miR-146a mimics VSMCs group and decreased in miR-146a inhibitor VSMCs group ( compared with sham VSMCs group, both P<0. 05 ) . Conclusion: Our data indicated that miR-146a may promote the proliferation of rat VSMCs by up-regulating cyclin D1 expression.

Objective To find a more suitable approach for the application of tranexamic acid(TXA)on total knee arthroplas‐ty (TKA) .Methods Totally 60 patients who met the inclusion criteria from January 2014 to August 2015 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shihezi University were selected and divided into two groups according to the different route of administration .Group A (n=30) was intravenously injected with 100 mL TXA ,and group B(n=30) was locally injected with 100 mL TXA .Three hours drainage tubes occlusion were carried out after operation in the two groups .The intraoperative and postoperative dominant blood loss ,hidden blood loss indexes and the amount of total blood loss were recorded ,and coagulation indexes and D‐2 polymer were reg‐ularly monitored ,the incidence of thrombosis and postoperative adverse events were also observed .Results The amount of total blood loss in group B[(895 .41 ± 239 .02)mL] was lower than that in group A[(1 020 .89 ± 210 .83)mL] ,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05);the total drainage volume in group B[(294 .33 ± 54 .25) mL] was lower than that in group A [(373 .33 ± 48 .02)mL] ,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .After operation ,there was no significant differ‐ence between the two groups in coagulation indexes ,D‐2 polymer and the amount of hidden blood loss (P>0 .05) .No blood trans‐fusion ,symptomatic deep venous thrombosis and fatal pulmonary embolism occurred in the two groups .Conclusion The hemostatic effect of local application of TXA is better than that of intravenous injection in patients′initial TKA .

Objective To study the therapeutic effects of combined use of laparoscopic cholecystetomy and endoscopic sphincterotomy for cholecystolithiasis with secondary choledocholithiasis.Methods Thirty-five patients were diagnosed as cholecystolithiasis with secondary choledocholithiasis by B-ultrasonography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.Of them,in 28 cases,laparoscopic cholecystetomy was performed first,and ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy were done one week later;in 7 cases,endoscopic sphincterotomy were performed before laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Results The outcome of all the thirty-five cases was satisfactory without severe complications or conversion into open procedure.Conclusions The method of combined laparoscopic cholecystomy and endoscopic sphincterotomy,for cholecystolithiasis with secondy choledocholithiasis,especially for cases in whom the diameter of the common bile duct stone is ≤1cm,can give good therapeutic results and has advantages of minimal invasiveness,few complications and quick recovery.