The epiphytic orchid, Dendrobium aphyllum and D. devonianum are used as traditional Chinese medicine, and became locally endangered in recent years because of over-collection. We test the effect of inoculations of endophytic fungi FDaI7 (Tulasnella sp.), FDd1 (Epulorhiza sp. ) and FCb4 (Epulorhiza sp.), which isolated from D. aphyllum, D. denonianum and Cymbidium mannii, respectively, on artificial substrate in these two Dendrobium species. In the symbiotic germination experiment, FDaI7 and FDd1 were effective for protocorm formation and seedling development of D. aphyllum and D. denonianum separately. After 60 days, 14.46% of the D. aphyllum seeds grown to protocorms and 12.07% developed to seedlings inoculated only with FDaI7, while contrasted with 0 when inoculated the other two isolates and non-inoculation treatment. However, in D. denonianum, seeds only grown to protocorms and developed to seedlings when inoculated with FDd1, the percentages were 44.36% and 42.91% distinguishingly. High specificity was shown in symbiotic germination on artificial substrate of Dendrobium. Protocorms could further develop to seedlings within or without light when inoculated the compatible fungi. However, light condition (12/12 h Light/Dark) produced the normal seedlings, while dark condition (0/24 h L/D) produced the abnormal seedlings. These may suggest that the development of young seedlings require light based on the effective symbiotic fungi. These findings will aid in seedling production of simulation-forestry ecology cultivation, conservation and reintroduction of Dendrobium.
Basidiomycota ; classification ; physiology ; Darkness ; Dendrobium ; classification ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Germination ; Host-Pathogen Interactions ; Light ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Seedlings ; growth & development ; microbiology ; radiation effects ; Seeds ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Species Specificity ; Symbiosis

Objective To elucidate the deleterious diabetogenic effect of tacrolimus on Chinese Han people.Methods According to patients' whole blood trough levels,the concentration of tacroli- mus was 5,15 and 25?g/L.Human islet cells cultured in vitro were exposed to various concentra- tions of tacrolimus for 72 h respectively,then stimulated by glucose at low (2.8 mmol/L) and high (16.7 mmol/L) levels.Glucose-stimulating insulin secretion during subsequent static incubation was measured using the ultrasensitive human insulin ELISA kit.The assessment of islet cell viability was studied with acridine orange (AO)-propidium iodide (PI).According to fasting plasma glucose,461 subjects were divided into normal glucosetolerance group (FPG＜5.55 mmol/L),impaired fasting glu- cose group (5.55 mmol/L＜FPG＜6.88 mmol/L) and posttransplant diabetes mellitus group (FPG≥6.89 mmol/L).A retrospective review of 461 non-diabetic kidney recipients completing at least 12 months of follow-up was performed to determine risk factors,incidence,and characteristics of post- transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM).Results In vitro,lower tacrolimus concentration had not dele- terious effect on insulin secretion and viability of islet;high tacrolimus impaired?-cell survival as well as insulin secretion.Of the 461 patients with no history of diabetes at transplantation over the study period of 12 months,123 received tacrolimus and 338 received cyclosporine A (CsA).For patients receiving tacrolimus the cumulative incidence of PTDM was 13.8%,compared with 7.7% for pa- tients receiving CsA,showing no significant difference between them.The reduced tacrolimus level within the therapeutic window resulted in an increase in better glucose metabolism.Older age,family history of diabetes,acute rejection episodes and pre-transplant impaired fasting glucose were identified as risk factors for PTDM.Conclusion The diabetogenic effect of TAC is dose-dependent,and in the majority is reversible.Low initial doses,more rapidly tapering and lower maintenance levels of tacroli- mus decrease the incidence of PTDM in patients receiving tacrolimus.

Child ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Humans ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Practice Guidelines as Topic ; Recurrence

Objective:Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound (US) is increasingly being introduced in the clinic,both for diagnostics and image guidance.Although dedicated 3D US probes exist,because of its expensive cost,3D US can also be acquired with the still frequently used two-dimensional (2D) US probes.Methods:Obtaining 3D volumes with 2D US probes is a two-step process.First,a positioning sensor must be attached to the probe for 2D image matching;second,a reconstruction of a 3D volume can be performed into a regular voxel grid.Results:This paper presents a way to realize the 3D US in irled-based Image Guided Radiotherapy using a homemade 2D US.Conclusions:The experiments demonstrate a method of saving costs and having advantages in clinic application.

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of 14- day simulated weightlessness on emotional behaviour in rats.

METHODSSixteen from twenty male SD rats were selected and assigned to a 2-group design: the control group and the tail suspension (TS) group (n = 8). The essay deployed typical methods for assessing emotional activity in the current, including food-intake and body weight variation, open field testing, sucrose preference testing and the evaluation of emotional arousal level to test emotional behavior.

RESULTS1. After 14- day simulated weightlessness for rats, their food-intake and body weight increase were less than those in the control group. 2. The ability of movement reduced in rats, the number of locomotion was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05) and the frequency of self-grooming was significantly higher than that in the control group(P <0.01. 3. A higher level of emotionality in TS group was recorded. 4. Sucrose preference was not observed in TS group.

CONCLUSIONIt demonstrated depression, anxiety and nervous symptom occurred in the TS rats with a certain degree of nervous reaction but no anhedonia.

Objective To analyze CT and MR features of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST)of children. Methods Sixteen patients with histologically proven MPNST were retrospectively reviewed.There were 8 male and 8 female, ages from 0.3 to 11.0 years, and median age was 2.5 years. Sixteen cases were performed with CT plain scan, and eight cases with CT enhancement scans, and three with MR examination. The imaging data were analyzed by two highly experienced doctors and obtained agreements after mutual consultation. Results Among 16 cases, 3 cases were located at neck, 5 cases at waist and back,3 cases at abdominal and pelvic, 2 cases at foot, 1 case at left clavicle, 1 case at right mediastinum, 1 case at right orbit. Fifteen cases appeared as solid masses and 1 case showed a diffuse growth. CT plain scan showed 8 cases were solid-appearing masses and 7 cases were cystic-solid mass. Enhanced CT showed enhancement of solid component was moderate to marked and gradually delayed enhanced while cystic component had no any enhancement. One was located on the left side of the neck and appeared as diffuse growth. Two cases of solid mass type appeared as hypo-intensity on T1WI and hyper-intensity on T2WI, and obviously high signal intensity of cystic component on T2WI, and with significantly heterogeneous enhanced.One case with diffuse growth appeared as hypo-intensity on T1WI and slightly hyper-intensity on T2WI, and with significantly enhanced. Sixteen cases appeared as invasive growth, 11 caseswith multiple organic metastases and recurrences, and 4 cases with neurofibromatosis type I and scoliosis.Conclusion CT and MR appearances of MPNST have certain characteristic features, and can demonstrateaggressive performance and multiple organic metastases, which is helpful for definite diagnosis and treatment plan.

Objective To examine the difference of neurological soft signs (NSS) among the remittent schizophrenia patients,first-degree non-psychotic relatives of schizophrenia patients and healthy controls.Methods The Cambridge Neurological Inventory (CNI) (the Chinese version) was administered to 86 remittent schizophrenia patients (patient group),86 first-degree non-psychotic relatives of schizophrenia patients (relative group) and 86 healthy controls (control group).Results Compared with relative group,NSS total-score,the subscore of motor coordination and sensory integration were significantly higher in patient group (P＜0.01).Compared with control group,NSS total-score,the subscore of motor coordination and sensory integration were significantly higher in patient group (P＜0.01).Compared with control group,NSS total-score and the subscore of motor coordination were significantly higher in relative group (P＜0.01).Conclusions The levels of NSS in remittent schizophrenia patients and their first-degree non-psychotic relatives are higher than normal control,and the patients have more NSS than their relatives.The motor coordination nay be a potential endophenotype for schizophrenia.

The purpose of this study is to explore depression metabolic markers in rat hippocampus and to investigate the anti-depressant effect of genipin and its mechanisms using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabonomics. Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) procedure was conducted to establish the depressive rat model. At the beginning of the third week, genipin low dose (25 mg x kg(-1)), middle dose (50 mg x kg(-1)), high dose (100 mg x kg(-1)), and venlafaxine (50 mg x kg(-1)) were given to the CUMS rats separately once daily for two weeks except control and model groups. Rat hippocampus was analyzed by 1H NMR based metabonomics after drug administration for 2 weeks. Significant differences in the metabolic profile of rat hippocampus of the CUMS treated group and the control group were observed with metabolic effects of CUMS including decreasing in glycine and N-acetylaspartate, increasing in inositol, glutamate, lactate, glutamine, taurine and alanine. Genipin showed ideal antidepressive effects at a dose of 50 mg x kg(-1) in rats, decrease of inositol, glutamate, lactate, alanine were observed, while glycine and N-acetylaspartate were increased. Important influence has been found on normal nervous system function of these significant changed metabolites, which suggests that the antidepressant effect of genipin may be played by enhancing the activity of neurons in hippocampus, repairing and improving the function of the neuron. The metabonomics approach is an effective tool for the investigation of the anti-depressant effect and pharmacologic mechanisms of genipin.
Alanine ; metabolism ; Animals ; Antidepressive Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Aspartic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; metabolism ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Chronic Disease ; Depression ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Glutamic Acid ; metabolism ; Glycine ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Inositol ; metabolism ; Iridoids ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Lactic Acid ; metabolism ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Male ; Metabolomics ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Comprehensive biochemistry experiment,which is interlocked and has difficulties in a certain degree,requires considerable knowledge,multiple techniques and long time.In order to ensure the smooth progress of the experiment,biochemistry and molecular biology department of Hebei medical university has taken following measures in teaching preparation and teaching implementation:building a specialized laboratory;performing collective lesson preparation and pre-experiments;technical teaching;teaching with multimedia equipments;students submitting experimental preparatory reports before class and then completing the experiments in groups.These measures achieved the intended purpose of setting up a comprehensive experiment.

Objective : To examine the association between prediabetes and the risk of cancer, so as to provide insights into precision cancer prevention. Methods: Based on the project of Early Screening and Comprehensive Interventions among Population at A High Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases in Changning District, Shanghai Municipality, baseline data were captured from permanent community residents at ages of 35 to 75 years from 2016 to 2019, including demographics, physical examinations, previous medical history and used of medications. The development of cancers was used as a outcome measure, and the follow-up was terminated by May 2021. The development of cancer was collected through the Changning Cancer Registration System, and the association between prediabetes and the risk of cancer was examined using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 9 503 participants were finally included, with a mean age of (57.12±10.89) years. The participants included 2 167 cases with prediabetes (22.80%) and 7 336 individuals with normal glucose (77.20%), and included 3 713 men (39.07%) and 5 790 women (60.93%). A total of 114 new cases with cancers were diagnosed until the final follow-up, including 37 cases among prediabetic patients (1.71%) and 77 cases among participants with normal blood glucose (1.05%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that after adjustment for age, gender, marital status, educational level, family annual income, smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, hypertension, administration of antihypertensive agents, dyslipidemia, administration of lipid-lowering agents and medical history of cardio-cerebrovascular diseases, a higher risk of cancers was detected among prediabetic patients than among participants with normal blood glucose (OR=1.528, 95%CI: 1.025-2.277), and prediabetes had no significant interactions with age, gender, smoking or alcohol consumption (all P>0.05). Conclusion Prediabetes is statistically associated with the risk of cancer.