Objective To establish a method of HPLC for determination of rhamnocitrin in Oxytropis falcate Bunge.Methods The HPLC method was used.Chromatographic column:Lichrospher C18(4.6 mm? 250 mm,5 ?m) reversed-phase column;mobile phase:0.4% phosphoric acid in water-methanol(20∶80);flow rate:1.0 mL/min;detective wavelength:350 nm.Results Rhamnocitrin was liner at the range of 4～ 30 ?g(r =0.999 8),and its average recovery rate was 99.7%,RSD=1.4%.Conclusion The method was simple and accurate,so it can be used for the quality control of Oxytropis falcate Bunge.

Objective To get a more comprehensive view of caregiving experiences, and describe the caregiver burden and the positive aspects of caregiving of family caregivers of senile dementia patients in community and to explore the relationship between the caregiver burden and the positive aspects of caregiving. Methods Totally 80 family community-dwelling caregivers of senile dementia patients in community were investigated by Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) and Positive Aspects of Caregiving (PAC) questionnaires. Results The score of CBI was 54.73 ± 13.15 and the score of PAC was 28.53 ± 5.37. The score of PAC was negatively correlated with the caregiver burden (r=-0.243, P<0.05). Conclusions The caregiver burden of the family community-dwelling caregivers of dementia patients is high and the positive aspects of caregiving is at middle level. Professional help and support should be provided to the family caregivers of dementia patients by the community health service centers on the premise that the caregiving experience is fully understood. Our aim is to reduce their burden, strengthen the caregiving skills and improve the positive aspects of caregiving simultaneously.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the quality standard of Paris pubescens. METHODS:Qualitative identification of medici-nal material was conducted from original plant morphology,properties and microscopic characteristics (cross section,powder). The contents of parissaponinⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅵ,Ⅶwere determined by HPLC. The determination was performed on Agilent C18 column with mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water(gradient elution)at the flow rate of 0.9 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 203 nm,and column temperature was 25 ℃. The sample size was 5 μL. The content of total saponins in P. pubescens was deter-mined by UV spectrophotometry. RESULTS:The rhizome of P. pubescens was nodular flat cylindrical in shape,slightly curved,ti-ny odor,bitter in taste. The large vessels were found in transverse xylem;phloem cells were small;powder had a large number of starch grains,mostly single grain. The linear ranges of parissaponin Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅵ,Ⅶ and total saponins were 0.64-12.8,0.46-9.2, 0.26-5.2,0.23-4.6,20.5-143.5 μg(r were 0.9999、0.9999、0.9999、0.9999、0.9997),respectively. RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 3.0%.The recoveries were 96.38%-105.24%(RSD=3.01%,n=6),97.24%-102.57%(RSD=2.50%,n=6),97.19%-101.74%(RSD=1.52%,n=6),93.72%-104.00%(RSD=3.53%,n=6),98.11%-104.50%(RSD=2.57%,n=6). CONCLUSIONS:Established standard can be used for quality evaluation of P. pubescens.

HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein gp120 and gp41 are considered as two important parts in viral entry.In the process of virus entry,CD4 first binds to gp120 and causes the conformation of gp120 to change.Furthermore the conformation of gp41 has also been changed.Many peptides,macromolecular compounds and small molecule compounds which bind to gp120 or gp41 can deter the progress of virus entry.These compounds can play an important role in halting the spread of HIV-1 in this way.The structure and interaction of gp120 and gp41 are reviewed here,as well as the anti-HIV agents blocking the HIV entry by targeting the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein.

Objective: We investigated experimentally the changes of intestinal immunity following shock and resuscitation after trauma. Method:The experimental model was made in rats, which underwent laparotomy, then bleeding and reinfusing through the right fetmoral artery. Result: The concentration of IgA following shock and resuscitation were significantly higher than that before shock.. The concentration of IgA 24 h following resuscitation was the lowest, and was significantly lower than that at the end of shock.. The endotoxin in portal vein following shock and resuscitation were higher than that before shock.. The endotoxin level 24 h following resuscitation was the highest, and markedly higher than that at the end of shock. Conclusion: The traumatic shock and resuscitation are capable of causing intestinal immunosuppression and endotoxemia.

Objective:To study the optimum ethanol extraction process. Methods: The extraction rate of extractum and total flavonoids as well scutellarin was choosen as the assessment index. The optimum ethanol extraction process was selected with the orthogonal design. Results: The optimum ethanol extraction process conditions follow as: adding 10 fold of 75% ethanol, extracting for 2.0h and twice in all. Conclusion: The average extraction rate of extractum and total flavonoids as well scutellarin was 13.6%, 91.7%, 78.4%(n=3), respectively.

Objective To assess the feasibility of nuclear matrix protein 22(NMP22)and urinary bladder cancer,antigen (UBC) for the early diagnosis of bladder transitional cell carcinoma and its influencing factors.Methotis 105 subjects,including 60 patients of bladder cancer,25 patients of urological benign disease and 20 normal (healthy)individuals were enrolled in this study.Urine NMP22 and UBC wag assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Urine NMP22 and UBC as well as exfoliocytology were conducted for the purpose to compare the sensitivity,specificity,positive and negative predictive value of these three ways.Results The sensitivity of NMP22(88.3%)and UBC(86.7%)were significantly better than exfolioeytology(40.0%,P<0.01).The specificity of NMP22,UBC and exfoliocytology were 80.0%,84.0%and 92.0%,respectively, the positive predictive values were 91.4%,92.9%and 92.3%,and the negative predictive values were 74.1%.72.4%and 38.9%.Conclusions NMP22 and UBC are sensitive,specific,simple,feasible and noninvasive diagnostic markers for the early detection of urinary bladder transitional cell cancer.

Objective To investigate the relationships of peroxisome proliferators activated receptor ?(PPAR?) and matrix metallo protease-7 ( MMP-7) with gastric cancer ( including low and high grade atypical hyperplasia). Methods One hundred and twenty gastric tissue specimens (four groups) were collected by gastroscopy or surgical operation, including 31 patients with chronic gastritis, 25 patients with low-grade atypical hyperplasia, 27 patients with high-grade atypical hyperplasia, and 28 patients with gastric cancer. The expression of PPAR? and MMP-7 were observed by immunohistochemical technique and analyzed by statistic methods. Results Both of them have high expression in the groups of gastric cancer respectively, and the high combined expressions of them were found in gastric cancer and high-grade atypical hyperplasia. Conclusion PPAR? and MMP-7 were the important differential signs of the gastric cancer and precancer by inference, the combined expression of PPAR? and MMP-7 was the evidences in differential diagnosis among gastric cancer, high and low grade atypical hyperplasia and gastritis.

Objective Our aim is to investigate the effects of lndomethacin on the expression of VEGF and the change of Micmves-sel Density(MVD)in remnant kidney of rats with 5/6 subtotal nephrectomy(STNx).Methods The renal subtotal ablation model was established by surgically 5/6 renal resection of the male Spragne-Dawley(SD)rats.Three groups were divided in our experimental protocol,including Sham,STNx and STNxI group.At the 8th week after gastric gavage,pathological changes of the remnant kidney were evaluated.Immunohistachemistry were used to examine the expression ofVEGF and MVD in the remnant kidney.Results At the 8th week after gastric gavage,only Up was significant decreased(P<0.05).TIS in Indomethacin group WaS significandy increased(P<0.05)and the preitu bular capillary density wa$significant decreased(P<0.05),compared with STNx group.Although BUN,Cr,the remnant kidney glomerulus's GSI were also decreased,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).The glomendus～capillary density had no signifi-cant difference(P>0.05).In all rats,the expression of VEGF was positive correlated with capillary density between glomemlus and tubu-lointerstitimn(P<0.05).Conclusions Iadomethacin Can decrease UP in remnant kidney of rats with 5/6 subtotal nephrectemy(ST-Nx),and decrease the preitubular capillary density and aggravate mbulointerstitial injury at the same time.

Objective To investigate the preventive effect of inactive schistosome ova on trinitrobenzesulfonic acid(TNBS)-induced colitis in mice and its mechanism.Methods Murine colitis was induced by administration of 3 mg of TNBS.Sixty mice were divided into control group(n=20),treatment group(n=20)and model group(n=20).Ten thousand frozen inactive schistosome ova were intraperitoneal injected at 14th and third day before TNBS induction in treatment group.The mice in model group were intraperitoneaUy injected with saline. All survival mice were killed at 7th day and mortality rate was calculated and morphological and pathological changes were eveluated.Expression of interleukin-10 and interferon-γ at colon tissue and serum were measured by real-time PCR and ELISA,respectively.Results The mortality rate in treatment group was lower than that in model group(20%vs 50%,P＜0.05)and the colonic inflammation alleviated(Ameho-criteria score:1.58±0.5 vs 4.18±0.8,P＜0.05)compared with the model group.Meanwhile,compared with model group,the expression of interferon-γ was decreased[serum:(48.33±16.59)pg/ml vs(29.79±6.97)pg/ml,colon tissue:2.31±1.08 vs 7.23±3.52 P＜0.05]and interleukin-10 was increased significantly[serum:(28.87±5.74)pg/ml vs(38.22±9.96)pg/ml,colon tissue:3.68±1.58 vs 7.44±3.04 P＜0.05]in treatment group.Conclusions IntraDeritonealy injection of inactive schistosome ova can alleviate inflammation of TNBS-induced colitis in mice,which may be the result of increased IL-10 and decreased IFN-γ expression in colon and serum.