AIM: Myocyte apoptosis in rats can be induced by acute ischemia, but time course and distribution of myocyte apoptosis were unclear.METHODS:DNA agarose gel electrophoresis and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end-labling(TUNEL) assay were performed to evaluate apoptosis in mycardium exposed to 45 minutes, 2 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours ischemia and sham-operated rats in vivo.RESULTS: DNA ladders were clearly visible in agarose gel of DNA from ischemic myocardium exposed to 2 hours, 6 hours and 12 hours ischemia, and DNA ladders became more apparent with increasing duration of ischemia. TUNEL positive cells with apoptotic morphologic characters were present in above ischemia time, and apoptotic index increased with increasing ischemia time. The majority of TUNEL positive cells were myocytes. Apoptotic index was higher in subendocardium than in subepicardium(P

Objective To investigate the signal mechanism of protein kinase C alpha(PKC-α)participated in enhanced expression of type Ⅰ inositol 1,4,5-trisphophate receptors (IP3 RI) induced by tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNFα),in order to delineate the mechanisms of decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in hepatorenal syndrome caused by TNFα.Methods The glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs)line from rats was chosen as experimental material.GMCs were divided into control (D),TNFα-2 h,TNFα-4 h,TNFα-8 h,and TNFα-24 h groups.Moreover,another two groups were sanflngol-8h (S),TNFα + Sanfingol-8h(TS)groups.The effect of TNFα on the expression of IP3RI was detected by immunocytochemical staining,Western blotting,teal time-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays.Results Immunocytochemical staining demonstrated that IP3 RI was mainly distributed in cytoplasm of GMCs.Enhanced positive staining was determined in all TNFα-treated groups,especially in TNFα-8 h group.Western blotting demonstrated that the expression of IP3RI protein was significantly higher in TNFα-4 h,TNFα-8h and TNFα-24 h groups than control group(4 h:1.82 ± 0.63 ; 8 h:2.95 ± 0.66 ; 24 h:2.48 ± 0.72 ; D:1 ±0.02 ; F =9.24,P ＜ 0.05).The expression of IP3 RI protein was the highest in TNFα-8 h and TNFα-24 h groups(P ＜0.05).No difference was found among S,TS,and control groups(S:1.39 ±0.65; TS:1.35± 0.37 ; P ＞ 0.05).Real time-PCR found the expression of IP3 RImRNA was significantly higher in all TNFα-treated groups than control group(2 h:3.35 ± 1.97; 4 h:3.16 ± 1.35; 8 h:3.70 ± 1.76; 24 h:4.49±1.70; D:1 ±0.01; F =6.167,P ＜0.05).No difference was found among all TNFα-treated groups(P ＞0.05).No difference was found among S,TS,and control groups(S:1.53 ±0.79; TS:1.32 ± 0.38 ; P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions IP3 RI was mainly distributed in cytoplasm of GMCs.TNFa could enhance the expression of IP3 RI protein and IP3 RI mRNA,which could be blocked by sanfingol,a PKCα inhibitor.It might be an important signal in the mechanisms of GFR decrease caused by TNFα in hepatorenal syndrome.

Objective To analyze and evaluate the precision ,accuracy and linearity of the chemiluminescence method for detec‐ting plasma BNP .Methods According to the experimental schemes of CLSI EP15‐A2 ,EP6‐A files and other relevant documents , the precision ,accuracy and linearity of the Siemens Centaur XP chemiluminescence instrument for detecting BNP ,and the detection results were compared with the performance declared by manufacturer or the quality target formulated by laboratory .Results The imprecision of BNP detected by the chemiluminescence method was less than 1/3 TEa regulated by the Clinical Laboratory Center of Ministry of Health (allowable total error);the variation coefficient index (CVR) of internal quality control data was less than ± 2;the relative bias of the results of external quality control blind samples with the target values were less than Tea regulated by the Ministry of Health ;the linear evaluation results showed that BNP was once linearity in the range of 5 .3‐4696 .7 pg/mL .Conclusion The precision ,accuracy and linearity of the Siemens Centaur XP chemiluminescence instrument for detecting BNP can accord withthe quality objectives requirements and meet the clinical needs .

OBJECTIVE:To study the in vivo antibacterial effects of Norfloxacin injection in animals.METHODS:After infecting the animals by injection of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus suspension into the mice's abdominal cavity and rabbit's body,the animals were divided into therapy,prophylaxis and control groups to observe the effect of Norfloxacin.RESU-LTS:All mice of control group died within 24 hours after the injection of bacteria while those of the therapy and prophylaxis groups survived.The results of experiment on rabbits were similar to those on mice.CONCLUSION:The results show that Norfloxacin injection has obvious therapeutic and prophylactic effects on infections induced by E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Factor IX ; genetics ; Hemophilia B ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation

Objective To investigate the changes of plasma soluble CD40 (sCD40) and soluble CD40L (sCD40L) in patients with chronic renal failure( CRF) and their potiential mechanisms in renal injury and immunodeficiency. Method From September to December 2006, 30 CRF patients without hemodialysis (CRF group) in department of Nephrology and 30 uremic patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis for more than 3 months ( HD group) in dialysis center in Beijing TongRen Hospital of Capital Medical University, were enrolled in this study. The normal control group consisted of 20 healthy volunteers who matched with study subjects for age and gender. The levels of plasma sCD40 and sCD40L were measured by the method of enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The relationship between sCD40, sCD40L and related factors were analyzed, and the influence of hemodialysis on sCD40 and sCD40L were observed. ANOVA and Pearson correlation analysis were used in statistical analysis. Results (1) The sCD40 levels in CRF group and HD group were significantly higher than those in control group(P ＜ 0.01). The sCD40 levels in HD group were also higher than those in CRF group(P ＜ 0.01). (2) The sCD40L levels in CRF group and HD group were significantly higher than those in control group (P ＜ 0.01). The sCD40L levels in HD group were slightly higher than those in CRF group, but without significant difference (P ＞ 0.05). (3) In CRF group, the sCD40 levels correlated positively with serum creatinine (Scr) and C-reactive protein(CRP) (r = 0.637,P ＜ 0.01,r = 0.551,P ＜ 0.05). The correlations between sCD40L and Scr and CRT were also seen (r = 0.553, P ＜ 0.05, r = 0.686,P ＜ 0.01), whereas the correlation with blood pressure,hemoglobin (Hb), platelet(PLT), white blood cell(WBC), serum albumin(Alb), glucose (Glu),blood urea nitrogen(Bun)and serum lipid was no seen (P ＞ 0.05). In HI) group, there were no correlations between sCD40,sCD40L and above parameters (P ＞ 0.05), there were also no correlations between sCD40, sCD40L and duration of the treatment by dialysis and dialysis adequacy(Kt/V) (P ＞ 0.05). (4)After one HD session, the post-HD levels of sCD40 were slightly higher than pre-HD levels, but without statistical difference ( P ＞ 0.05). The post-HD levels of sCD40L were obviously lower than pre-HD levels, with significant difference (P ＜ 0.01). Conclusions The levels of sCD40 and sCLMOL in CRF patients,particularly in HD patients, were significantly higher than those of controls, which may participate in pathogenesis of renal injury and immunodeficiency.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for content determination of the total naphthoquinone in oil/water emul?sion of shikonin by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.METHODS:The content of the total naphthoquinone was counted in L-shikonin,methanol was used as solvent and the wavelength was set at516nm.RESULTS:The concentration of L-shikonin had good linear correlation with absorbance in the range of8.32～41.60?g/ml(r=1.0000,n=5),the average recovery was98.6%(RSD=0.53%).CONCLUSIONS:The present method is simple,precise and replicable resulting in high recovery and accuracy,it can be used to determine the content of total naphthoquinone in oil/water emulsion of shikonin.

Three hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (Mab) to zona pellucida of porcine ovarian egg(ZP-OVA) were established(LPDg, LPC4, LPD,).Two Mab(LPD_8 LPC_4) were examined against human ovarian tissue by immunohistochemical technique in vitro. We found that the two Mab had cross-reaction with zona pellucida and ovum cytoplasm and no cross-reaction with membrana granulosa and theca folliculi. It showed that there were affinities of LPD_8 and LPC_4 to antigenic determinamts in the ovum cytoplasm and common antigenic components in zona pellucida and ovum cytoplasm. It suggested that the zona pellucida was derived from oocyte.

Objective To study application of the quality management of Blood Cell Analyzer according to the requirement of biological variation determination.Methods Collected the indoor imprecision value(CV％) from 8 items detected by blood cell analyzer during from April to Nov.of 2016,and the bias (Bias％) of 8 items of two EQA (external quality assessment) from the ministry of health in 2016.Then according to the 3 levels of the minium,appropriate and optimal quality specifications derived from the biological variability the rates of imprecision and bias were culculated.The pass rate of the imprecision and bias was calculated.By using mean bias and mean imprecision and biological variation 3 levels of total error (TEa) crite rion,and to calculate the corresponding σ and QGI value,so as to evaluate the performance of whole blood cell analyzer.Then improved the quality.Results For the imprecision value of 8 items,except the MCHC average value,all others were all 100 ％ meeting the appropriate level of quality requirements.For the bias value (Bias ％) from 8 items,except MCH,all others were over 80 ％ meeting the appropriate level of quality requirements.While for the calculated σ value,based on the best level of quality requirements,except the σ value of WBC was 4.6,the σ value of all other items were all＜3.Based on the appropriate level of quality requirements,except the σvalue of MCHC was 1.9,the value of σ of all other items were all＞ 3,and based on the minimal requirements,the σ value of all 8 items were all ＞3.After analysis,this blood cell analyzer,except that MCHC should use the minimal quality standard requirements,all other examination items could used the proper quality standard requirements,and the calculated QGI were all ＜0.8.Conclusion Based on the biological variation determination requirement and calculated σ and QGI value,this method could be used to more accurate quality evaluation of blood cell ana lyzer.Which is a higher levelof quality management,will be more conducive to quality improvement and better serve the clinical.

The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has greatly changed the pattern and natural history of ocular diseases of HIV-infected patients, resulting from the immune recovery and reduction of opportunistic infections. However, ophthalmic complica-tion continues to be concern in AIDS even in the HAART era, especially in developing areas, where absolute majority of HIV-positive patients live. Lack of test facilities and experience, poor conditions of hygiene, different microbiological environment, absence of effective treatment etc., characterize the ophthalmic manifestation of HIV-infected patients in developing countries from that in developed regions and thus pose a great challenge to the ophthalmic treatment in developing area. Not only varied from region to region, ocular complications are distinctive between adults and children. At the same time, the side effects due to the application of HAART pose their own risks of ocular complication and should, therefore, be given more research attention.