ObjectiveTo study the distribution and expression of NMDA receptor subunit 2A in the spinal cord of morphine tolerant rats. MethodsTwelve Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups with 6 rats each: control group (C) were intrathecally administrated 0.9% NaCl 10μl and morphine group(M) received 10μg morphine (i.t.). Drugs were administrated twice daily for 7 consecutive days. Tail flick latency (TFL) in the hot water immersion test was used to evaluate changes of thermal hyperalgesia latency of each group before and 30min after administration every morning. Rats were killed the day after last administration and L4～5 segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination the expression of NR2A by immunofluorescence method. ResultsTFL of group M was decreased gradually after chronic administration of morphine intrathecally. There was no significant difference between group M[(3.25±0.93)s] and group C[(2.66±0.27)s] on the 7th day (P＞0.05). A morphine tolerant model was established successfully. NR2A was distributed throughout the rat spinal cord. The expression of NR2A in group M(OD:9617±1233) was increased compared with group C(OD:2.66±0.93) (t=3.133,P＜0.05).ConclusionThe expression of NR2A was upregulated after repeated administration of morphine intrathecally in the superficial dorsal horn of spinal cord of morphine tolerant rats,which may be part of the mechanisms of morphine tolerance.

Tendons are dense connective tissues that mediate the attachment of the muscle system to the skeletal system. While the methods for clinical tendon repair remain less satisfactory, tissue engineering may pro- vide promising future. Therefore, understanding the natural tendon development process is important for tendon en- gineering. Scleraxis and Tenomodulin are relatively specific molecule makers for tendon and ligment and play im- portant roles in the tendon development. This article gives review of the molecular structure, the expression regula- tion, and the roles of Scleraxis and Tenomodulin in tendon development, in order to better understand the process of tendon development.

Objective Using principal components analysis and weighted TOPSIS method to make objective and accurate evaluation of hospital operation management quality.This aims at proving whether such methods are scientific and feasible for comprehensive evaluation for the quality of hospital operation management and providing the basis for hospital decision making.Methods 15 typical Hospital Performance Indicators were chosen from a cancer hospital during 2008-2012,which were subject to TOPSIS method and principal components analysis,weighted TOPSIS method for comprehensive evaluation.Results The results with principal components analysis and weighted TOPSIS method conform to the actual hospital conditions and prove the rising quality of operation management of the hospital.That is,the closer the date,the higher the ranking.Conclusion Principal components analysis and weighted TOPSIS method are proven flexible,practical,scientific and reliable and suitable for popularization and application in the quality evaluation of hospital operation management.

Objective To explore the role of Neuroretinal Rim Volume/ Rim Area(RV/RA) ratio in Early Diagnosis of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma(POAG).Methods All candidates were divided in to three groups(31～40 years old,41～50 years old,51～60 years old),Heileberg Retina Tomography(HRT)were used to test retinal disk,and the RV/RA ratio were calculated.Result There are obviously difference between nomal and POAG group in RV/RA(P

0.05) in tail flick test.MPE% in group MK was always higher than group M and descended more slowly than group M,especially from the d4 to d8(P0.05). Conclusion Ketamine could block the development of morphine tolerance partly due to its inhibition effect on pCREB protein.

Objective:To assess the efficacy and safety of oncoplastic breast-conserving surgery (OBCS) in the treatment of early breast cancer. Methods:The clinicopathological data of breast cancer patients who were treated with OBCS (67 cases) and standard breast-conserving surgery (SBCS;117 cases) in Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. Postop-erative complication, specimen weight, margins, and surgery re-excision rate between the two groups were compared. Results:Sero-ma (14.9%versus 48.7%, P<0.001), hematoma (4.5%versus 14.5%, P=0.035), and poor wound healing (3.0%versus 11.9%, P=0.036) were more common in the SBCS group than in the OBCS group. The patient satisfaction in the OBCS group was statistically higher than in the SBCS group (P<0.05). Compared with standard surgery, oncoplastic techniques can be employed for significantly larger tumors (25.04 mm versus 21.14 mm, P<0.001). OBCS resulted in higher mean specimen weights (92.24 g versus 57.44 g, P<0.001), wider clear nearest margins (12.04 mm versus 9.58 mm, P<0.001), and wider furthest margins (24.16 mm versus 15.24 mm, P<0.001). No statisti-cal increase was observed in further surgery re-excision of margins. Conclusion:OBCS is more successful than standard wide local exci-sion in treating larger tumors and obtaining wider radial margins. Oncoplastic approach showed no increase in postoperative complica-tion rate. The postoperative complication was excellent. OBCS is a safe and effective procedure for early breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the interaction between NMDA receptor subunit 2B (NR2B) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in the spinal cord of morphine-tolerant rats. Methods Sixteen male SD rats weighing 220-280 g were randomly divided into 2 groups with 8 rats in each group: control group (C) and morphine group (M). In group M morphine 10μg was administered intrathecally (IT) twice a day for 7 consecutive days. In group C equal volume of normal saline was given instead of morphine. Tail flick latency (TFL) (a segment of tail 4-5 cm long was immersed in 52-53℃ hot water) was used to measure the antinocicepitve effect of morphine before and 30 min after morphine administration every morning. MPE (percentage of maximal possible effect) was calculated (pain threshold after drug administration - baseline pain threshold)/(10- baseline pain threshold)× 100% . The animals were killed at the next day after last IT administration and the dorsal half of L4-5 spinal cord was isolated and homogenized for determination of NR2B and mGluR5 protein expression by Western blot and CO-IP. Results MPE was significantly increased at 1-5 d of drug administration and returned to baseline at 7 d in group M as compared with group C. The mGluR5 protein expression was significantly up-regulated in group M as compared with group C but there was no significant difference in NR2B protein expression between the 2 groups. Conclusion There is interaction between NK2B and mGluR5 in the spinal cord of morphine-tolerant rats.

Objective: Our purpose was to understand the effect of transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) in pathogenesis and development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Methods: Serum TGF-β was measured with enzyme-linked immunosersorbent assay(ELISA). Results: The serum level of TGF-β in diabetic patients with no DN was not different from that in normal persons(12.7±5.0 pg/ml, 12.6±4.4 pg/ml, P >0.05). Serum TGF-β level in DN patients with urinary albumin clearance (20 to 200 μg/min，not include 200) was significantly higher than that in diabetic patients with no DN (65.3±13.0 pg/ml, 12.7±5.0 pg/ml, P<0.01). Serum level of TGF-β in DN patients with urinary albumin clearance (≥200 μg/min) was significantly higher than that in the patients with trace urinary albumin （136.4±21.4 pg/ml, 65.3±13.0 pg/ml, P<0.01）, and serum level of TGF-β was positively correlated with urinary albumin clearance. Conclusion: The serum level of TGF-β has increased in early stage of DN. With the development of DN, the serum level of TGF-β significantly increased. The alteration of serum level of TGF-β was positively correlated with urinary albumin clearance. So TGF-β play a very important role in pathogenesis and development of diabetic nephropathy. We can regard serum level of TGF-β as a diagnostic target of DN in early stage.

[Objective]To study the therapeutic effect of recombinant erythropoietin for contusion injury of spinal cord.[Method]Contusion injury of spinal cord was caused by weight dropping in 24 New Zealand rabbits.Twelve hours after injury,the rabbits in control group were given natural saline intravenously and rabbits in low,mediate and large-dose group were given rh-EPO 100 IU/kg,500 IU/kg and 1000 IU/kg respectively.Neurological status of lower limbs were scored at 24 hours,48 hours and one week after spinal cord injury.All rabbits were killed one week after injury and spinal cords were stained by HE and caspase-3 method.Electronic microscopy was used to evaluate ultrastructural injury.[Result]The neurological scores of EPO treated groups were significantly higher than that of control group.HE and Caspase-3 immunohistochemistry showed that histological and ultrastructural damage of EPO treated groups were less severe than that of control group.The caspase-3 positive neurons were significantly fewer than that of saline treated group.There was no significant difference of therapeutic effect between mediate and large-dose EPO treated groups.[Conclusion]Rh-EPO administered 12 hours after contusion injury of spinal cord could lessen histological and ultrastructural damage,prevent apoptosis of neurons and promote neurological recovery of spinal cord.Mediate dose of rh-EPO is the appropriate treatment choice for spinal cord injury.