Objective To investigate the gender differences of coronary heart disease secondary prevention status in patients post percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods Patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease from 31 tertiary hospitals were enrolled for a baseline survey. Medical history and laboratory tests were taken. Analysis was done for outpatient or inpatient with the history of at least one PCI treatment. Status of smoking cessation, weight management, blood pressure < 140/90 mm Hg, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) < 100 mg/dL (2.6 mmol/L), and use of antiplatlet drugs, beta-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) and statins were collected and compared. Results Women (n=1151) accounted for 25.4% of all PCI patients (n=4532). Proportion of female with history of smoking was signiifcantly lower than male, but the proportion of quitting was similar between female and male, 53%(n=98) vs. 53.7%(n=1344), P=0.849. The average body mass index, mean waist circumference and proportion of overweight were higher in man than women, P=0.000. However, the proportion of abdominal obesity in women is higher than men, 75.2%vs. 52.8%, P=0.000. More female were comorbid with hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes than male and the differences were signiifcant, P=0.000. Control rate of blood pressure, LDL-C and fasting glucose were lower in women than in man, the differences were 66.2% vs 73.4% for blood pressure, 47.8%vs. 57.0%for LDL-C and 57.5%vs. 62.7%for fasting glucose, P=0.000. There was no signiifcant difference in medication usage between different genders. Conclusions In patients post pecutaneous coronary intervention, female patients had more risk factors than male while risk factor control rate was lower comparing with male. Medication usage for coronary heart disease secondary prevention was similar between different genders.

Objective: To investigate the expression of chemokine like factor 2 (CKLF2) mRNA in the rat myocardium after myocardial infarction(MI).Methods: In a rat model of MI, the myocardium surrounding the infarcted area was used for RNA preparation at different time points. After RT, competitive polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed to assess the expression of rCKLF2 mRNA. SAS Kruskal Wallis test was used for statistical comparisons. Results: The gene expression of rCKLF2 at mRNA level was significantly increased in the myocardium surrounding the infarcted area 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks after infarction.Conclusion: It is possible that CKLF2 contributes to the pathophysiological process and needs to be further investigated.

Crystallography, X-Ray ; DNA Repair ; Exodeoxyribonucleases ; chemistry ; Humans ; Protein Conformation

OBJECTIVETo assess the therapeutic effect, timing of administration, complication prevention and management of the double filtration plasmapheresis (DFP) in the treatment of refractory myasthenia gravis (MG).

METHODSThirty-one patients with refractory MG were treated with KM 8800 membrane plasmapheresis monitor. DFP was performed every 3 days and the exchanging liquid was composed of 50 ml of 20% albumen and 1000 ml plasma substitute. Physical examination for absolute clinical score and blood sample was collected for AchR-Ab determination early in the morning on days 0, 3, 7, 14 of DFP.

RESULTSWith a total effective rate of 91.9%, complete recovery, basic recovery, improvement, and response was achieved in 2, 4, 11, and 17 patients, respectively, whereas the other 3 failed to respond. Hypotension occurred twice in 2 cases and was corrected after symptomatic treatment.

CONCLUSIONDFP may effectively lower blood AchR-Ab level of with minimal complications, and can be valuable for treatment of refractory MG.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Autoantibodies ; blood ; Child ; Female ; Filtration ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myasthenia Gravis ; blood ; therapy ; Plasma Exchange ; methods ; Receptors, Cholinergic ; immunology ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo study the changes of adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation rate, and evaluate the effects of Maixuekang Capsule (, MKC) on platelet aggregation rate and long-term prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

METHODSA total of 236 patients with acute coronary syndrome, who received successful PCI, were randomly assigned to a trial group (116 cases) and a control group (120 cases) according to random numbers; treatment allocation occurred when the participants met the inclusion criteria and signed the informed consent forms. In the trial group, the patients were treated with MKC combined with routine medication, and in the control group the patients were treated with routine medication. The therapeutic course for the two groups was 12 months and the follow-up was 12 months. The levels of ADP-induced platelet aggregation rate and serum high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were determined before PCI, 12 h and 30 days after PCI. In the meantime, the incidence of cardio-/cerebrovascular events was recorded during the 12-month follow-up.

RESULTSCompared with before PCI, the levels of ADP-induced platelet aggregation rate and serum hs-CRP were significantly higher at 12 h after PCI (P<0.05). They were significantly reduced after 30-day-treatment of MKC, showing statistical differences when compared with those in the control group (P<0.05). During the 12-month follow-up, the incidence of cardio-/cerebrovascular events was significantly lower in the trial group than in the control group (6.9% vs. 12.5%, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSADP-induced platelet aggregation function was significantly elevated after PCI. MKC improved the prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome, possibly through inhibiting the platelet aggregation, fighting against inflammation, and protecting the vascular endothelial function.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Adenosine Diphosphate ; pharmacology ; Aged ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Capsules ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Male ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention ; Platelet Aggregation ; drug effects ; Prognosis

OBJECTIVETo study whether antisense oligonucleotides and ultrasonic microbubble intensifier transfection combined with ultrasound irradiation is an effective and directional way in reversing multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumors.

METHODSMdr1, mrp, and lrp genes antisense oligonucleotides on the ultrasound microbubble intensifier were transfected for the human HepG2/ADM cell lines and then the cells were radiated with low intensity ultrasound. The effects of the reversion of carcinoma cells' MDR and the reduction of their malignancy and growth capability in vitro and in vivo were assessed using RT-PCR, Western blot and MTT.

RESULTSThe treatment restrained the multiplication of the human HepG2/AMD cell lines. The levels of their mRNA and protein of cells' mdr1 and mrp genes dropped significantly. Growth of the subcutaneous transplanted tumors in the nude mice decreased.

CONCLUSIONSTransfection of MDR genes antisense oligonucleotides on the ultrasonic microbubble intensifier combined with low intensity ultrasound radiation may serve as a new treatment method for hepatocellular carcinoma.

ATP-Binding Cassette, Sub-Family B, Member 1 ; genetics ; Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Microbubbles ; Oligonucleotides, Antisense ; genetics ; Transfection ; Ultrasonics

BACKGROUNDThe plasma cystatin C concentration (PcyC) has been demonstrated to have prognostic value in acute coronary syndrome, but the study of PcyC in patients with borderline coronary lesions is limited. Moreover, the effects of atorvastatin and probucol on PcyC and the severity of coronary lesions are unknown. This study was to evaluate the effects of the combination of atorvastatin and probucol on PcyC and severity of coronary lesion in patients with borderline coronary lesions.

METHODSOne hundred and thirty consecutive patients with borderline coronary lesions (40% to 60% isolated single stenosis assessed by quantitative coronary angiography) were enrolled into the borderline coronary lesion (BCL) group, and one hundred and thirty-six subjects without coronary lesions comprised the controls (CTR). The subjects in the BCL group were randomized into routine treatment (RTT, n = 60), and combined treatment with atorvastatin 20 mg plus probucol 1.0 g daily added to routine medication (CBT, n = 70), both groups were treated for 6 months continuously. The levels of PcyC, high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were determined. One hundred and four subjects in the BCL group were rechecked by coronary angiography.

RESULTSPcyC levels were significantly higher in the BCL group than in the CTR group; (2003.26 ± 825.73) ng/ml vs. (1897.83 ± 664.46) ng/ml (P < 0.01). Compared with patients in the RTT group, the levels of PcyC, TC, LDL-C, TG and hs-CRP were significantly lower in the CBT group (P < 0.05). Moreover, there was a trend towards a slight decrease in the RTT patients, (54.38 ± 10.67)% vs. (50.29 ± 9.89)% (P > 0.05), and a significant decrease in the CBT patients, (53.65 ± 9.48%) vs. (40.38 ± 12.93)% (P < 0.05), in the mean percent stenosis of borderline coronary lesions before and after six months of treatment.

CONCLUSIONSCystatin C played an important role in the development of coronary artery disease, and was associated with the severity of coronary lesions. The combination of atorvastatin and probucol decreased PcyC levels, and could be the treatment of choice.

Aged ; Anticholesteremic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Atorvastatin Calcium ; Coronary Disease ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Cystatin C ; blood ; Female ; Heptanoic Acids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Probucol ; therapeutic use ; Prospective Studies ; Pyrroles ; therapeutic use

AIM To investigate the pharmacokinetic behaviors of four constituents in sugar-free Xinnaosu Granules in rat plasma.METHODS Rats intragastrically administered with the 0.5％ CMC-Na suspension of this drug (3 g/kg) had their blood collected for the determination of plasma concentration by UHPLC-MS/MS,after which pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS2.0 software.RESULTS The plasma concentrationtime curves for tanshinone Ⅱ A,salvianolic acid B,ginsenoside Rg1,notoginsenoside R1 accorded with two compartment model,with the t1/2values of (1.68 ±0.56),(4.13 ±0.87),(3.62 ±0.87),(9.77 ±3.12) h,Tmax values of (0.51 ±0.19),(1 ±0),(6 ±0),(4.00 ±1.09) h,Cmax values of (0.42 ±0.08),(0.17 ±0.02),(0.46±0.11),(0.41 ±0.12) mg/L,respectively.CONCLUSION All the four constituents in sugar-free Xinnaosu Granules demonstrate high bioavailabilities.

Objective To study the pharmacokinetic features of reactive sulfide in rats after oral administration of Cinnabaris. Methods An HPLC coupled with precolumn derivatization method was developed for the pharmacokinetic features study on reactive sulfide in rats after oral administration of Cinnabaris. Results Good linearity (r>0.99) was found for reactive sulfide in plasma in the concentration range of 0.25–15 μmol/L (r>0.99). The LOQ and LOD of the method were 0.1 μmol/L and 0.02 μmol/L, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision was less than 4.4% and 3.5% respectively, and the accuracy was -9.9%–6.0%. The average recovery rate was 74.9%. 0.6 g/kg Cinnabaris was given the rats for gavage, and the time-course pharmacokinetics parameters were as follows:Cmax(1.33±0.13) μmol/L, tmax(150±34) min, t1/2(323±62) min, AUC0-∞ (5743±297) ng/mL?h. Conclusion A sensitive, robust and accurate precolumn derivatization-HPLC method for the determination of plasma reactive sulfide is developed and validated. The method is successfully applied in the pharmacokinetic features study on reactive sulfide in plasma of rats after administration of Cinnabaris.