Objective To explore the mechanism of adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) of calcium overload in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) in hemorrhagic shock rats. Methods Twenty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divide into four groups: control (Group C), shock start (Group S0), 2 hours post-shock (Group S2) and 4 hours post-shock (Group S4). The rat models with hemorrhage shock were produced by means of modified Wigger's method through bloodletting from femoral artery and keeping blood pressure at 40 mm Hg for 2 hours. The changes of cytosolic free Ca 2+ concentration (i) and the activities of Ca 2+ - ATPase and Na +-K +- ATPase in VSMC membrane and mitochondrial membrane were monitored in rats after shock. Results Mean channel fluorescence values of VSMC i in the Groups C, SO, S2 and S4 were 2.03?0.15, 2.37? 0.32 , 2.55?0.46 and 2.80?0.43 respectively and increased in a time-dependent fashion. Mean channel fluorescence values of VSMC i in the Groups S0, S2 and S4 was significantly higher than that in the Group C ( P

OBJECTIVE: To supply reference for the implementation and popularization of clinical pharmacist system as well as the establishment of the quality standards and assessment system for the pharmaceutical care in China.METHODS: By literature reviewing method,the pertinent literature about quality standards and assessment system of pharmaceutical care at home and abroad since 1990s were retrieved systematically,sorted and analyzed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The quality assessment of the pharmaceutical care can help enhance the level of pharmaceutical care,demonstrate the value of clinical pharmaceutical care,and facilitate the establishment and evolvement of the clinical pharmacist system.When drawing useful experiences from such countries like American and Britain,China should attach great importance to the cooperation between schools of higher learning and practitioners and the application of scientific methods and taking into consideration of the practical situation of the hospitals in carrying out clinical quality assessment for pharmaceutical care.

Aim To investigate the mechanism of dia-betes changing the hepatic CYP1 A2 through in vitro cell culture study.Methods The function of CYP1 A2 in HepG2 and Fa2N-4 cells were evaluated by determi-ning the level of phenacetin metabolism,and the mR-NA expression of CYP1 A2 in cells was detected by real time PCR.HepG2 cells were co-cultured with serum of diabetic rats(type 1 and type 2)and normal rats,then the CYP1 A2 function in cells were evaluated.Then, the HepG2 and Fa2N-4 cells were co-cultured with a series of concentrations of saturated (including palmitic acid and stearic acid)and unsaturated fatty acids(in-cluding oleic acid and linoleic acid)for 48 h,and the function and expression of CYP1 A2 in the cells were compared.Results It was found that the activities of CYP1 A2 were higher in cells incubated with diabetic serum of both type.All high concentration of fatty acids could increase the function and expression of CYP1 A2 in both HepG2 and Fa2N-4 cells.Conclusion It is speculated that the abnormal level of fatty acids under diabetic state might be part of the reasons why diabetes change the hepatic CYP1 A2,which provides the basis for future study.

OBJECTIVE:Alfuzosin concentration in human serum was determined by RP-HPLC METHODS:The mobile phase was methanol-acetonitrile-phosphate buffer-triethylamine(10∶30∶60∶0 05) After being extracted with ethyl ace_tate,alfuzosin was analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC (Shim-pack CLC-ODS,4 6mm?150mm,5?m)and fluorescence detection with excitation wavelength set at 334nm and emission at 378nm RESULTS:Over the concentration range of 0 4～51 2?g/L,the linear regression equation was A=0 3 909C+0 0 605(n=8,r=0 9 996) The average recovery of alfuzosin was 99 4% The intra-and inter-day RSDs were less than 15% CONCLUSION:The method is accurate and can be used for studying the pharmacokinetics of alfuzosin

BACKGROUND: Simple drug therapy can not acquire satisfactory effects in treatment of fungal keretitis. At present, penetrating keratoplasy (PKP) has been considered a primary means to cure the fungal keratitis to save eyeball and vision.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of PKP in the treatment of high-risk fungal keratitis.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A retrospective case analysis was performed at the Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical University between January 2000 and January 2007.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 51 patients (51 eyes) with high-risk fungal keratitis who underwent PKP in the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College were recruited into this study. Of these patients, 12 suffered from perfored, 35 from hypopyon, 8 from complicated cataract prior to surgery, and 5 from complicated glaucoma.METHODS: All patients received antifungal and antibacterial treatments prior to surgery and underwent PKP within 4 days following admission. After surgery, antifungal and antibacterial treatments were performed locally and systemically. All patients were followed-up for 6--24 months.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Postoperative visual acuity, recurred fungal infection, rejection of implants, secondary glaucoma, and ulceration of implant.RESULTS: ① Of 51 patients, 18 were followed-up for 6-12 months, 2 for 13-18 months, and 8 for 19-24 months. ② A total of 49 (96.1%) out of 51 patients preserved the eyeballs and the visual acuity improved to different degrees in 48 (94.1%) patients. ③ After surgery, fungal infection recurred in 6 eyes (11.6%), 4 of which were controlled by antifungal medication and 2 was enucleated because of uncontrolled endophthalmitis. Graft rejection was found in 18 (35.3%) eyes, 13 of which recovered transparent by medication and 5 received secondary PKP. Graft ulceration was present in 4 (7.84%) eyes, 3 of which were cured and the remaining one was re-grafted because of severe endothelial cell loss. Secondary glaucoma appeared in 7(13.7%) eyes, and the intraocular pressure was controlled medically and surgically. Complicated cataract occurred in 6 (11.8%) eyes, 3 of which underwent cataract extraction. Most complications were successfully controlled. In the final follow-up period, 45 (88.2%) grafts were transparent.CONCLUSION: PKP is an effective approach to preservation of eyeballs and restoration of visual function in patients with high-risk fungal keratitis, which can not be treated by conservative therapy.

italic>α-Conotoxin ArIB[V11L,V16D] is currently the most optimal selective inhibitor of α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) known. In order to explore chemical modification methods and enrich its application in targeting nAChR, this study utilized the linker to covalently connect camptothecin and 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin to the [2,4] disulfide bond of ArIB[V11L,V16D]. Therefore, two peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs), ArIB[V11L,V16D]-5 and ArIB[V11L,V16D]-6, and one fluorescent-labeled peptide, ArIB[V11L,V16D]-7 were constructed. Cytotoxicity evaluation showed that the IC₅₀ values against non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549 of the two PDCs were respectively 1.3 and 4.1 times of camptothecin, indicating slight reduction in activity at the cellular level which was related to the linker structure. Fluorescence spectrum scanning revealed that the excitation and emission wavelength of the fluorescent-labeled peptide were 340 nm and 403 nm respectively, and the fluorescence features of 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin as a marker were retained without fluorescence quenching. This modification strategy laid a solid foundation for the further application of α-conotoxin ArIB[V11L,V16D] in PDCs and fluorescent probes.

Objective To analyze the clinical features and the correlation between radiographic parameters and incidence of calcaneal spur in the patients from Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University,China.Methods Three experienced observers independently used the image acquisition and transmission system (PACS) to collect the data of lateral and axial X-ray images of calcaneus or ankle joint in neutral position from the patients with calcaneal spur and normal controls who had undergone radiological examination in Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University from July 2014 through December 2015.Ten radiological parameters of the foot (B(o)hler angle,Gissane angle,calcaneal inclination angle,talocalcaneal angle,talus horizontal angle,posterior facet inclination angle,calcaneal length,height of the posterior facet,absolute foot height,and calcaneal width) were measured in both the patients and normal controls.The location,morphology and length of calcaneal spurs were compared between genders,sides and age groups.Results A total of 216 parpatients were included in the study.Female patients were more than male ones,simple plantar spurs more than simple achilles tendon ones,type B spurs more than type A ones,the length of achilles tendon spurs larger than that of plantar ones,female plantar spurs more than males ones,and the length of right foot plantar spurs larger than that of left foot ones.All the differences above were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant differences in the location,morphology or length of calcaneal spurs between the age group of ≤ 60 years old and the age group of ＞ 60 years old (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of calcaneal spur were significantly correlated to Gissane angle (P =0.000,OR =0.944,95％ CI 0.917-0.973),posterior facet inclination angle (P=0.017,OR=0.957,95％ CI 0.924-0.992) and height of the posterior facet (P =0.007,OR =0.933,95％ CI O.886-0.981).Conclusions Calcaneal spur favored more females than males.Plantar spurs were more common than Achilles ones.Plantar spurs of Type B were more common than those of Type A.Achilles spurs were longer than plantar ones.More females suffered plantar spur than males.Right foot spurs were longer than left foot ones.Age had no significant influence on the spur characteristics.The incidence of spur might have been related to the Gissane angle,posterior facet inclination angle and height of the posterior facet of the foot.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the protective effect of Agaricus bisporus intracellular polysaccharides(IPS) and exopolysaccharides (EPS) on immunological liver injury induced by concanavalin A (Con A). METHODS Mice were pretreated with IPS and EPS (100, 200 and 400 mg kg- 1, ig) daily for 12 d. Immunological liver injury was induced by Con A 25 mg·kg-1 byinjection via the tail vein of mice.Eight hours after injection of Con A, the indexes of the liver, spleen and thymus, serum level of glutamicpyruvic transaminase (GPT), glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interferon- γ (IFN- γ), splenic lymphocyte percentages of CD4 + and CD8 + , and liver homogenate content of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Liver pathological changes were observed by HE staining. RESULTS Compared with normal group, the autoimmune liver injury in mice induced by Con A resulted in an increase in the liver index (P<0.01) , spleen index (P<0.01), the activity of GPT (P<0.01) and GOT (P<0.01), the content of TNF- α (P<0.01) and IFN- γ (P< 0.01), and the level of MDA (P<0.01), but a decrease in the thymus index (P<0.01), the percentage of CD4+ (P<0.01) , the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ (P<0.01), and SOD activity (P<0.01). Compared with model group, treatment with IPS (200 and 400 mg·kg-1) and EPS (200 and 400 mg·kg-1 ) respectively resulted in an increase in the thymus index (P<0.01) but in a decrease in the liver index and spleen index (P<0.01). Similarly, the activity of GOT and GPT was decreased obviously (P<0.01), and the content of TNF-α and IFN-γ in IPS and EPS 200 and 400 mg·kg-1 groups was decreased. Compared with model group, the activity of SOD in IPS and EPS (200 and 400 mg·kg- 1) group was increased (P<0.01) while MDA was decreased (P<0.01). Moreover, the percentage of CD4 + Iymphocytes decreased (P<0.01), whereas no significant difference was found in the ratio of CD4 +/CD8 + .Pathological changes of the liver were observed under a microscope. Pretreatment with IPS and EPS could effectively reduce the liver injury induced by Con A. CONCLUSION IPS and EPS have certain protective effect on immunological liver injury, which may be related to their ability to clean up free radicals, control lipid peroxidation and regulate the balance of the immune system.

Objective To search the feasibility of mutation,RdxA gene was analyzed by the metronidazole induction experiment.Method The non-multiple,sensitive H.pylori strains,were selected and subjected to metronidazole induction experiment,which made H.pylori strains transform susceptibility to resistance.Extracted DNA of metronidazole sensitive and resistant pairs of H.pylori strains before and after induced,amplified by PCR and sequenced rdxA gene.Result 4 of 12 H.pylori strains were induced successfully with metronidazole whose MICs increased by 16~64 times.Strains were transferred three times on metronidazole-free medium and the MICs redetermined were the same as those after induced.There was 0.2～0.8% difference between pairs of metronidazole sensitive and resistant H.pylori strains.There was 2.2～2.7% difference between unrelated H.pylori strains.Conclusion The metronidazole induction experiment could make H.pylori acquire stable resistance to metronidazole in a short period and exclude that the natural polymorphism of rdxA gene influenced on mutation analysis.There was good hope that the experiment would become a good method to research metronidazole resistance mechanism

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between pharmacological effects and properties of traditional Chinese medicine by the decision tree algorithm.

METHODBased on of pharmacological effects of traditional Chinese medicine, the decision tree algorithm was applied in the study on the relationship between pharmacological effects and properties of traditional Chinese medicines. A model was established with the decision tree algorithm for the purpose of predicting the properties of traditional Chinese medicine components.

RESULTThe established model was reliable and stable, and could be used to predict the properties of traditional Chinese medicine components.

CONCLUSIONThe prediction for the properties of traditional Chinese medicine components with a decision tree model could reflect the theoretical connotation of the properties of traditional Chinese medicine components to some extent and provide a new method for studying the properties of traditional Chinese medicine components.