Objective To observe the clinical features and outcomes of vitrectomy for diabetic retinopathy (DR) with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods A total of 192 patients (241 eyes) with proliferative DR (PDR) who underwent vitrectomy were enrolled in this study.All the patients were diagnosed as vitreous hemorrhage (VH) because of suddenly decreased vision.There were 93 eyes with tractional retinal detachment (TRD) and six eyes with neovascularization of iris (NVI).The patients were divided into PDR with CRVO group (group A,41 eyes) and PDR group (group B,200 eyes) according to the results of fundus examination.All patients received vitrectomy with silicone oil and C3F8 gas tamponade.There were 138 eyes with silicone oil tamponade which including 30 eyes in group A and 108 eyes in group B.The difference of number in silicone oil-filled eyes in two groups was statistically significant (x2=5.110,P＜0.05).There were 38 eyes with C3F8 gas tamponade which including six eyes in group A and 32 eyes in group B.There was no difference in C3F8 gas-filled eyes numbers in two groups (x2 =0.048,P＞0.05).The follow-up ranged from one to 60 months,with the mean of (28.69± 17.28) months.The corrected vision,retinal reattachment,persisting macular edema (ME),neovascular glaucoma (NVG) and repeated VH after surgery were comparatively analyzed.Results Of 241 eyes,there were 41 eyes (17.0％) with CRVO.Before surgery,the differences of corrected vision (Z=-0.138),intraocular pressure (t=0.966),whether there was TRDor not (x2=0.412),whether underwent panretinal photocoagulation or not (x2 =1.416) were not statistically significant (P＞0.05),but the difference of whether NVI were present or not was statistically significant (x2=31.724,P＜0.05)between two groups.After surgery,the corrected vision improved in both two groups (Z=2.319,4.589;P＜0.05).There was no difference of corrected vision after surgery between two groups (Z=0.782,P＞0.05).Postoperative complications occurred in 94 eyes,including 26 eyes in group A and 68 eyes in group B.The differences of incidence of reoperation (x2 =0.498),retinal reattachment (x2 =0.818),persisting ME (x2 =2.722) between two groups after surgery were not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05).The incidence of repeated VH (x2 =5.737) and NVG (x2 =6.604) in group A were higher than those in group B (P＜ 0.05).Conclusions CRVO is commonly found to coexist with DR in T2DM patients with VH.Combined with CRVO patients are more likely to suffer NVI.Vitrectomy can improve the visual function in PDR with CRVO patients.

In this article,the authors introduced the functions of different catalogue of Traditional Chinese Medicine,together with the development of the past and present condition of catalogue.The authors also presented the opinion on how to work best with it.

Objectives: This prospective,randomized and controlled clinical trial was designed to investigate the effect of short course intensive insulin therapy(SCIIT) on stress-induced hyperglycemia and outcomes in critically ill patient. Methods:The diabetes or other illness which directly influenced blood glucose were excluded and the critically ill patients was maintained with normoglycemia((4.4-6.1) mmol/L) in the first seven days by intensive insulin therapy.After the first seven days,these patients was treated like conventional insulin treatment group.Conventional insulin treatment group was maintained with blood glucose at a level between 3.9-10 mmol/L.Results: Of 41 patients enrolled in the study,30 patients were eligible for analysis.After intervention stopped,blood glucose level in intensive insulin treatment group(5.92?1.24 mmol/L) was lower than in conventional insulin treatment group((9.22?)2.51 mmol/L).And in the same time,insulin consumptions in SCIIT group was lower than in conventional insulin treatment group.There was no significant difference in ICU mortality between two groups,although decreasing trend favored to treatment group. Conclusion: In critical ill patient,(SCIIT) can achieve similar blood glucose range when compared with the plan of IIT.The benefit of improving morbidity and mortality could be expected in large sample RCTs.

OBJECTIVE To study the relationship between HLA-DRB1*03 genes and expression of cytokine IL-18 in chronic hepatitis B patients.METHODS A total of 153 chronic hepatitis B patients and 138 normal healthy people were detected.HLA-DRB1*03 alleles were conducted in all the patients with polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer(PCR-SSP),and IL-18 was detected by ELISA.RESULTS Thirty-four individuals with chronic hepatitis B patients were HLA-DRB1*03 genes positive,the frequency was 22.22%,which was higher than the frequency of HLA-DRB1*03 in heathy individuals.The average level of IL-18 in chronic hepatitis B patients with HLA-DRB1*03 negatives was significantly higher than in HLA-DRB1*03 positives.CONCLUSIONS HLA-DRB1*03 closely relates with susceptibility to chronic hepatitis B.In chronic hepatitis B patients,the average level of Th1 cytokines in HLA-DRB1*03 negatives is higher than that in HLA-DRB1*03 positives.

BackgroundThere are a lot of studies about the wound healing charateristics of cornea after SBK with femtosecond laser.In our study,mechanical microkeratome was preferred for corneal flap.We observed the proliferation of keratocytes by investigating the myofibroblast ( MF) activity.Objective The study was to compare the morphologic and histological changes in the cornea after sub-Bowmans keratomileusis ( SBK) with photorefractive keratectomy ( PRK) and laser in situ keratomileusis ( LASIK)by investigating the express of transforming growth factor-β( TGF-β)and α-smooth muscle actin( α-SMA)and to investigate the wound healing characteristiCs of cornea after SBK.MethodsTwenty-seven adult New Zealand white rabbits were randomly assigned into group A,B and C.SBK waa performed on the right eyes of each rabbit in group A,LASIK for group B and PRK for group C.All the left eyes were used as the normal control group.Histological examinations by light microscopy were performed on day 7,1 months,3 months after surgery.The expression of α-SMA and TGF-β and the number of activated MF were assessed by immunohistochemiatry.ResultsIn SBK group,corneal epithelium cells proliferation around the wound was seen and the numbers of active fibroblasts were increased after surgery.The expression of α-SMA or TGF-β around the corneal flap and the corneal 8troma started at day 7 postoperatively and peaked at 1 months and decreaaed around the corneal flap and the corneal 8troma started at day 7 postoperatively and peaked at 1 months and decreaaed t3mnh.TFβep( SBK:t=2.226,2.158,2.330,P＜0.05;PRK:t=4.745,6.524,6.293,P＜O.05).The numbersof activ( SBK:t=2.226,2.158,2.330,P＜O.05;PRK:t=4.745,6.524,6.293,P＜0.05).The numbersof activatedMFs were different fromLASIKstatisticallytoobetweenSBKgroupandPRKgroup ( SBK:t =4.439.5.692,4.175,P＜0.05 ; PRK:t=6.330,6.723,5.267,P＜0.05 ).Theα-SMAand TCF-βexpressionsin SBKgroupwerelessthan PRK group but more thanLASIKgroup( TCF-β:t =4.691,5.527,t =4.399,P＜0.05 ; α-SMA:t =9.637.10.282,8.197,P＜0.05).The numhers of MFs in SBK group was less than PRK group before 3 months and were same at 3 months ( t =5.188,4.529,P＜0.05 ).Conclusions ComparedwithconventionalLASIK,SBKcanup-regulatethe expression of α-SMA.TGF-β,activated MFs in the corneal flap.which enhance corneal biomechanics and promote healing.However,most of the disadvantages caused by wound healing in SBK still remain compared to PRK.

OBJECTIVEObserve and analyze the informations of western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), in order to provide reference for clinical treatment.

METHODSelect patients with CHD in diagnosis of the first place in 17 hospitals, drug informations of these patients were analyzed using frequency method and association rules.

RESULTIn 84 697 patients,there were 47 564 males and 32 882 females. The median age was 71 years old, 76 172 patients have medicine records, including 278 kinds of western medicine and 331 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine. Aspirin was the most common used western medicine (51 132 patients, 67.08%), followed by isosorbide dinitrate, clopidogrel etc. The most common used traditional Chinese medicine was danhong injection, followed by shuxuetong injection. After classified the drugs, at the forefront of western medicine were antiplatelet drugs, nitrates drugs, statins, beta blockers, calcium antagonists, ACEI; the most used in traditional Chinese medicine was injection of blood-activating and stasis-resolving, followed by oral preparations of blood-activating and stasis-resolving medicine, Fuzheng class oral medicine, purgation medicine etc. After association rules, combination therapy among western medicine was the most common, combination of western medicine with blood-activating and stasis-resolving was very commonly, especially antiplatelet drugs and nitrates drugs.

CONCLUSIONWestern medicine in the treatment of patients with CHD was in accordance with the guidelines recommend, but with the lower utilization rate. Traditional Chinese medicine has become an important method for the treatment of CHD, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine treatment in patients with CHD.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Animals ; Aspirin ; therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Coronary Disease ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Middle Aged ; Nitrates ; therapeutic use ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors ; therapeutic use

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms ; cerebrospinal fluid ; diagnosis ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Hyaluronan Receptors ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Leukemia ; cerebrospinal fluid ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the effect of resistance nodulation division (RND) efflux pumps on reduced susceptibility to tigecycline in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii.Methods Totally 631 isolates of Acinetobacter baumanii were collected from 16 hospitals in 7 provinces in 2010.Genes oxa-51 and oxa-23 were detected by PCR method,and the ST profiles were determined by multilocus sequence typing (MLST).The disk susceptibility assay was used to determine the inhibition zone diameters of β-lactams,aminoglycosides,macrolides,tetracyclines,carbapenems,tigecycline and polymyxin.The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tigecycline was determined by E-test in strains with inhibition zone diameters ≤ 12 mm on tigecycline.The expression of operon genes adeB,adeG and adeJ was determined with efflux pump inhibitor NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) for detection of efflux pump inhibitor phenotype.The isolates of Acinetobacter baumanii which were resistant both to tigecycline and carbapenems and with the inhibited phenotype of efflux pump inhibitor were collected as the experiment group,the isolates which were susceptible to tigecycline but resistant to carbapenems were collected as the control group,and ATCC 19606 was used as the reference strain.The expressions of adeABC,adeFGH and adeIJK were quantified by q-PCR at the transcriptional level.Genes adeR,adeS and adeL were amplified and sequenced using PCR method to find polymorphic locus and insertion sequences.Results There were 32 isolates of Acinetobacter baumanii with reduced susceptibility to tigecycline and carbapenem-resistant.Eight isolates were with the inhibited phenotype by efflux pump inhibitor.And 4 strains which were susceptible to tigecycline but resistant to carbapenems were selected as the control.The expressions of adeABC in A518,Z1219 and A527 of experiment group were 13-fold,5-fold and 7-fold higher than reference strain ATCC19606,respectively.The expressions of adeFGH and adeIJK were up-regulated slightly in some isolates.Transcript of adeABC was not found in control group strains A207 and A1731,and the expressions of adeABC,adeFGH and adeIJK were not up-regulated in other isolates.The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was detected in adeR (E220K) and adeS (A130D),respectively.ISAab1 insertion sequence was identified in adeS of adeABC-over expressed isolates.No mutation was found in adeL.Conclusion High expression of adeABC pump may play an important role in tigecycline resistance in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii,mainly due to the insertion of ISAba1 sequence in its regulator gene adeS,but other mechanism of tigecycline resistance may not be excluded.

This paper reports one case of overseas imported quartan malaria and the diagnosis and treatment process. By using dihydroartemisinin combined with piperaquine,the treatment results are satisfactory.

Objective To investigate the efficacy,safety and localization of multilayer amniotic membrane transplantation(AMT) for corneal perforation associated with ulceration.Design A retrospective clinical case series.Participants Nine patients(9 eyes)with corneal perforation secondary to ulceration were enrolled into this study.These were little response to medicine,including bacterial keratitis(4 eyes ),fungal keratitis(2 eyes),fungal and bacterial mixed keratitis( 1 eye),virus keratitis( 1 eye),and Mooren's ulcer ( 1 eye).Size of perforation was 0.5～3.0 mm in diameter.Methods The AMT was applied to tamp the perforation,fill the ulcer and cover the surface of ulcer.After surgery,the medicine was continued to be used to treat the original corneal ulcer.The follow-up ranged from 6～20 months.In the suffering eyes,reformation of anterior chamber,healing of ulcer,complications and recurrence of ulceration were observed.Main Outcome Measures Of the postoperative eyes,reformation of anterior chamber,healing of ulcer,complications and recurrence of ulceration.Results The anterior chamber reformed at the first postoperative day in 9 eyes,and kept in normal depth in the follow-up time.At postoperative 2 months,the ulcer healed with sear and a smooth surface.Corneal thickness of the ulcer area recovered almost to normal.During follow up,no recurrence of ulceration or severe complications was noted.Conclusions Multilayer AMT is a safe and effective method for the management of small corneal perforation associated with ulceration,but the ulcer healed with scar.(Ophthalmol CHN,2008,17:101-103)