It has been confirmed that tumor invasion and metastasis is not only dependent on the charac -teristics of the tumor ,but also dependent on the tumor microenvironment .Tumor-associated macrophage ( TAM) , which constitutes a large number of the tumor -infiltrating immune cells,is stimulated into M1 macrophage and M2 macrophage by different signals in the tumor microenvironment .Whereas the vast majority of studies with nu-merous tumor types show that the presence of M 2 phenotypes in the tumor microenvironment is associated with a worse prognosis ,most studies in gastric cancer also claim the same results .Hypoxia and coagulation factors may both contribute to it .It has identified that the function of TAM could be changed with their location of tumor ,but it has nothing to do with cell differentiation and cell type of gastric cancer .In this review,we summarize the differ-ent and controversial effects of TAM in gastric cancer .

OBJECTIVE: To study the equilibrium solubility of aesculin and its apparent oil/water partition coefficient,and to provide basis for absorption mechanism study.METHODS: Equilibrium solubility of aesculin at the pH of 1.2～8.0 was determined by saturation method.The apparent oil/water partition coefficients of aesculin were determined by shaking flask method.RESULTS: The equilibrium solubility of aesculin at the pH of 1.2～6.8 was fluctuated slightly;it increased rapidly at the pH of 7.4;the maximum equilibrium solubility of aesculin was obtained at the pH of 8.0(10.58 g?L-1).The oil/water partition coefficient of aesculin changed slowly at the pH of 1.2～6.0;it decreased significantly at the pH of 6.0;the minimum oil/water partition coefficient was obtained at the pH of 8.0(0.03).CONCLUSIONS: The equilibrium solubility of aesculin and its apparent oil/water partition coefficient are associated with the pH of medium.The reason that aesculin has no effect on uric acid after oral administration is relevant to poor gastrointestinal tract absorption ability.

Cell Differentiation ; Cell Proliferation ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Estrogens ; Humans ; Stem Cells ; cytology

Objective To analyse the association of apolipoprotein E genotype with cerebral infarction and myocardial infarction in the old population of Urumqi. Methods The polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism technique were used to detect the distribution of genotype and gene frequency of ApoE alleles in 56 cases of cerebral infarction(CI), 60 cases of myocardial infarction (MI) and 104 healthy subjects as control. Results The frequency of ApoE ?3/?4 and ?4/?4 genotypes in CI and MI groups was higher than that in control group(P

Objective To explore the potential value of multiple tumor markers chip( C- 12) in preoperative diagnosis of gastric cancer. Methods The serum levels of 12 rumor markers were measured in 45 gastric cancer patients, 38 benign gastrosis patients and 65 normal controls by use of C-12 in order to find out the most levels of CA199, CEA, CA242, AFP and CA125 in the gastric cancer patients were significantly higher than those of the benign gastrosis patients and normal controls. Moreover, the serum levels of β- HCG and HGH were also significantly higher in gastric cancer group than benign gastric disease group and control group ( P ＜sis of gastric cancer. CEA is the TM with the highest sensitivity, validity and negative predictive value of 57.8% ,81.8% and 77.1% ,respectively whereas CA242 is the TM with the highest specificity and positive CEA + CA125 + CA199 and CEA + CA242 + CA199 + CA125, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and validity of the best combination of 2 TMs, 3 TMs and 4TMs for gastric cancer were not statistically significantly different from those of C-12 and the best TM ( P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusion The multiple tumor markers chip ( C-12 ) has a relatively high value in the preoperative diagnosis of gastric cancer. The best combinations of 2 TMs ( CEA + CA125) ,3 TMs ( CEA + CA125 + CA199 ) and 4TMs ( CEA + CA242 + CA199 + CA125 ) for gastric cancer diagnosis could be sufficient to replace the combination of 12 TMs.

Objective To evaluate the ability of multi-slice spiral CT angiography(MSCTA)in showing the celiac trunk and its degree branches,and the value of MSCTA in preoperative evaluation of laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy for advanced gastric carcinoma.Methods A total of 25 consecutive patients scheduled for laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection were evaluated by MSCT,CT angiography(CTA)were reconstructed separately using a volume rendering algorithm(VR).The space anatomy characteristics of celiac artery and its degree branches were evaluated according to the CTA results,and with anatomy information,laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection was processed with references to anatomy.Results In all the 25 cases,the left gastric artery and gastroduodenal artery were accurately identified on MSCTA.In 12 of them,the right gastric artery was accurately identified.The origin of the spleen artery is relatively constant.Laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy with D2 lymph node dissection was successfully completed without conversion to open surgery in all the cases.The reconstructed celiac trunk and branches are identical with anatomy.Conclusions Three-dimensional CTA using MSCT clearly reveals the anatomy of celiac artery and their space structure.It plays an important role in guiding lymph node dissection during laparoscopic-assisted gastrectomy for advanced gastric carcinoma.

Purpose:To study the efficiency and safety on vinorelbine combined with capecitabine in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Methods:Twenty-eight patients with measurable lesions of metestetic breast cancer received vinorelbine 6 mg/m 2 d 1-5 civ,cycles were repeated every 21 days. Patients received capecitabine for 2-4 cycles at the same time. All patients received more than one course of chemotherapy regimens and 19 patients had adriamycin and (or) paclitaxel treatment. Results:Thirteen patients received two cycles treatment and fifteen patients received four cycles of treatment. Complete response in one patient,partial response in six patients,minor response in seven patients,stable response in seven patients and progressive disease in seven patients were observed. Overall responsed rate was 50%.The common side effects were neutronpenia,hand-foot syndrome,skin pigmentation,fatigue. Conclusions:The combination of vinorelbine and capecitabine in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer was effective and the toxicities were tolerable. It is possible that this regimen is an ideal second line chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer.

Objective To discuss the clinical effect of transurethral cystitis glandularis electrocision combined with treating the diseases under bladder outlet in female.Methods One hundred and two female cases of cystitis glandularis who received transurethral electrical resection of the bladder mucosa combined with treating the diseases under bladder outlet were selected as experimental group,and another 78 female cases were selected as control group,who only received transurethral electrical resection of the bladder mucosa.The visual analogue score (VAS) was observed before and after a 12-week treatment,and the efficacy was evaluated by analysis of non parameter RIDIT.Results The operation time in experimental group and control group were 15-40 (26 ± 13) min and 8-19 (13 ± 5) min,respectively,and there was significant difference between two groups (P ＜ 0.05).Two groups cases urinated smoothly after the removal of catheter,without the occurrences of urinary fistula and incontinence.During the 12-weeks of follow-up,44 cases were cured,31 cases improved,15 cases were effective and 12 cases unimproved in experimental group; 26 cases were cured,21 cases improved,16 cases were effective and 15 cases unimproved in control group.There was significant difference between two groups (R =0.576,95％ CI0.519-0.633,P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Although the operation time is lengthened by transurethral cystitis glandularis electrocision combined with treating the diseases under bladder outlet in female,this method obviously improves curative effect.

BACKGROUND:Morphological characteristics of the rabbit lumbar vertebrae are of great significance for animal experiments about lumbar spine, but there is a lack of study on the lumbar morphology in rabbits. OBJECTIVE:To establish a three-dimensional model of rabbit lumbar vertebrae, and to observe its morphological characteristics, thereby providing anatomical basis for the animal experiments about lumbar spine.METHODS:Twenty New Zealand rabbits were subjected to 64-row multi-detector CT (Siemens) scan, and the three-dimensional models were constructed based on the CT data from 140 lumbar vertebrae. The morphological parameters of L1-7 were measured, and the internal and external structures of lumbar vertebrae and changes of different segments were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Changes of the morphological parameters of each lumbar vertebra:the L1-7 height first increased and then decreased, and the shortest height was in the L7, which was (1.12±0.18) cm. L1 vertebral body exhibited the shortest transverse diameter, (1.03±0.15) cm, and the longitudinal diameter did not differ significantly among vertebrae. The transverse and longitudinal diameters of L1-6 spinal canals were on a rise, but decreased abruptly at L7. The pedicle width of L1-7 increased gradually;the pedicle height of L1-5 increased gradually, and then began to decrease markedly, and the shortest at L7, (0.58±0.11) cm. The width and length of L1-6 spinous process increased steadily, but decreased at L7. The length of L1-3 transverse process increased gradually, tended to be steady at L3-6, and increased notably at L6-7;there were significant differences in the transverse process angle at L1-6, but the angle increased markedly to (58±2)° at L7, (2) These results indicate that the internal and external structures of lumbar vertebrae and changes of different segments are obtained through morphological measurement of lumbar vertebrae in New Zealand white rabbit, which provides a detailed anatomical data for relative animal experiments.

Objective To evaluate the changes in water, electrolyte and acid-base balance after seawater immersion in cases of open abdominal trauma associated with intestinal rupture, and to obtain a theoretical basis for the early treatment of open abdominal injury with intestinal rupture in naval combat. Methods A canine model of open abdominal trauma with intestinal rupture was established in 26 healthy adult dogs, and they were divided randomly into three groups. All animals were subjected to abdominal wall incision and intestinal rupture. Seawater immersion group(n=10) was immersed into artificial seawater after trauma; normal saline solution group(n=6) was immersed into normal saline solution after trauma; control group (n=10) had no immersion. The 3 groups were observed for changes in water, electrolyte and acid-base balance, and the results were analysed and compared. Results Signficant disturbance of water, electrolyte and acid-base imbalance were observed in the seawater immersion groups, but no significant changes of these parameters were seen in the control group and normal saline group. Conclusion Seawater immersion is the main factor leading to the disturbance of body metabolism after open abdominal trauma with intestinal rupture.