AIM: To study the dynamic change of chemical components in the compatibility of Carthamus tinctorius L.with Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch during decoction together. METHODS: By means of HPLC analysis and phytochemical isolation technique,focusing on the differences between chemical components in co-decoction and individual decoction.Two chemical substances which showed quantitative changes during co-decoction had been isolated and identified as Licochalcone A and Licochalcone B,respectively. CONCLUSION: From the method described in this article,it could be concluded that the chemical profiles of TCM drug-pairs prepared by co-decoction are different from that of extract mixture combined by the individual extract of Carthamus tinctorius L.and Clycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch,respectively.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the genetic polymorphisms of glutathione S-Transferase M1,T1 and the susceptibility to sporadic colorectal adenocarcinoma(SCRAC) and smoking and alcohol consumption in Chinese Hans.Methods Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (M-PCR) was used in the study of genetic polymorphisms of GSTM 1,T1 gene.Logistic analysis was performed to elucidate the roles of GSTM1,GST1,smoking and alcohol.Results The null GSTM1,T1 genotypes could increase the susceptibility to SCRAC(OR=1.711,95% CI:1.043～2.805;OR=1.734,95% CI:1.057～2.843),but smoking and alcohol consumption made no significant effect on SCRAC(OR=0.584,95% CI:0.356～0.958;OR=0.378.95% CI:0.217～0.657).Further stratification of the SCRAC patients by chnical features showed that there were no relationship between the GST M1,T1 genotype and the age of the SCRAC patients.But the frequency of null GSTM1 genotype was significantly associated with distal colon adenocarcinoma (P=0.021),colorectal adenocarcinoma of Dukes C classification (P=0.003) and poor difierentiation (P=0.020),respectively.The frequency of null GSTF1 genotype was only higher in colorectal adenocarcinoma of Dukes C classification(P=0.041).No relationship was found between the location,the degree of differentiation and the frequency of null GSTF1 genotype(P＞0.05).Furthermore,the frequencies of homozygous deletion in GSTM1,T1 genes were found to be significantly increased in SCRAC patients than those in healthy controls(38.9%VS25.7%.P=0.023).Conclusion The GST genotype is strongly correlated with SCRAC incidence in Chinese Hans.The null GSTM1,T1 genotypes can enhance the genetic susceptibility to SCRAC.while smoking and alcohol consumption have no significant effect on the susceptibility to SCRAC.

Objective To study the effect of tanshinone ⅡA on the expression of P-selectin and ICAM-1 after cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R)injury in rats. Methods Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Sham operated group, I/R group, low dose Tan ⅡA treated group and high dose Tan ⅡA treated group. The focal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was made by suture-occluded method. Rats were pretreated with Tan ⅡA, ig for 3d,respectively before MCAO. After 90min MCAO following 24 hours of reperfusion, the expression of P-selectin and ICAM-1 was detected with using immunohistochemistry method. Result Compared with sham operated group, the expression of P-selectin and ICAM-1 increased after reperfusion for 24 hours in the ischemic territory(all P＜0.01).Compared with I/R group, the expression of P-selectin and ICAM-1 decreased in a dose dependent manner in low and high dose Tan ⅡA treated group(P＜0.01).Compared with that of I/R group, cerebral infarction volume was decreased in a dose dependent manner in low dose Tan ⅡA treated group and high dose Tan ⅡA treated group(all P＜0.01).The change of ischemic impairment in low or high dose Tan ⅡA treated group was less than that in IR group, and the change of ischemic impairment in high dose Tan ⅡA treated group was less than that in low dose Tan ⅡA treated group. Conclusion Tan ⅡA may reduce cerebral ischemia-reperfusion inflammation injure by decreasing the expression of p-selectin and ICAM-1.Tan ⅡA plays protective effect on cerebral ischemia injury, especially when high dose of Tan ⅡA(30mg/kg)was used.

Objective To explore the curative effect of headless compression screws in treatment of avulsion fractures of the fifth metatarsal .Methods 37 cases of patients with avulsion fractures of the fifth metatarsal base were treated by internal fixation with headless compression screws from January 2008 to January 2011 .X-ray films after operation were taken to evaluate the bone healing time and the foot function was evaluated according to AOFAS .Results The 37 cases were followed up from 10 to 24 months (mean 13 months) .The X-ray films showed that all fractures healed at 6 to 12 weeks(mean 8 .1 weeks) .Wound infection occurred in one case with open fracture ,which was healed by therapy .According to AOFAS ,the scores after operation ranged from 86 to 100 (mean 94 .5) .Conclusion Headless compression screws in treatment of avulsion fractures of the fifth metatarsal has the advantages of easy manipulation ,stable fixation and few complications .

Objective To investigate the association of ulcerative colitis (UC) with fork head/ winged helix transcription factor-3 (Foxp3) polymorphisms in Han population in Zhejiang province,China.Methods A total of 381 UC patients and 490 healthy controls were enrolled in this study.The four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Foxp3 (rs3761547,rs2232365,rs2294021,rs3761548) were examined by SNaPshot.The analyses of linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype were also performed in all study subjects.Results When male and female UC patients were compared with their corresponding controls respectively,the alleles and genotypes of the four SNPs were not statistically different (all P ＞0.05).According to severity and location of the disease,the UC patients were divided into different subgroups.The alleles (C,G,A) of (rs2232365,rs2294021,rs3761548) were more frequent in male patients with severe UC than in the male controls (69.6％ vs 34.3％,P =0.001;69.6％ vs 34.3％,P =0.001;39.1％ vs 14.4％,P =0.002,respectively).As compared with the female controls,the alleles (C,G,A) and genotypes (TC + CC,AG + GG,CA + AA) of (rs2232365,rs2294021,rs3761548) were significantly increased in the female patients with severe UC (51.9％ vs 38.0％,63.5％ vs 39.2％,53.8％ vs21.4％,80.8％ vs57.7％,84.6％ vs58.4％,76.9％ vs34.7％,all P＜0.05).The four SNPs above were shown to be in a strong LD both in male and in female subjects.When male and female UC patients were compared with their corresponding controls respectively,nevertheless,each haplotype frequency was not statistically different (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Foxp3 (rs2232365,rs2294021,rs3761548) variations might engender the increased risk of severe UC in Chinese Han patients.

Objective To explore the association of genetic polymorphism of fucosyltransferase (FUT) 2 and FUT3 and expression of Lewis antigen with ulcerative colitis (UC) in Chinese Zhejiang Han population.Methods We genotyped FUT2 (rs281377, rs1047781 and rs601338) and FUT3 (rs28362459, rs3745635 and rs3894326) in 485 UC patients and 580 healthy controls using SNaPshot. By immunohistochemistry method, we also evaluated expression of Lewis a and b antigens in the sigmoid colon of 10 UC patients and 10 patients with benign colonic polyps.Results The frequencies of mutant allele (A) and genotype (GA+AA) in FUT3 rs3745635 were higher in UC patients than in controls (P=0.016, 95%CI 1.339-1.699;P=0.038, 95%CI 1.330-1.742, respectively). Stratified analyses revealed that the frequencies of mutant allele (G) and genotype (TG+GG) of FUT3 rs28362459 were significantly lower in patients with extensive colitis than in those with distal colitis (P=0.001, 95%CI 0.567-0.786;P<0.001, 95%CI 0.503-0.742, respectively). Similar conclusions were drawn for the mutant allele (A) and genotype (GA+AA) of FUT3 rs3745635 in patients with extensive colitis compared to those with distal colitis (P=0.011, 95%CI 0.621-0.900;P=0.006, 95%CI 0.553-0.845, respectively). Although expression of Lewis b antigen in the sigmoid colon did not differ between UC patients and controls, Lewis a antigen expression was higher in the crypt epithelium of both inflammatory and non-inflammatory sigmoid colon of UC patients than in controls (P=0.028).Conclusion Polymorphisms of FUT3 and expression level of Lewis a antigen might be associated with UC.

Objective To analyze clinical characteristics of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) in aged patients for improvement of diagnosis and treatemcnt. Methods The reflux disease questionnaire was performed in patients diagnosed as GERD based on Montreal definition and classification as well as Rome Ⅲ criteria.All patients were divided into elderly group (≥65 years) and control group(＜65 years). The incidence of hita[ hernia (HH), the frequencies of esophagitis (based on Los Angeles classification), clinical features, and quality of life were compared between two groups. Results There was no difference between two groups in male/female ratio and morbidity of HH(P＞0.05). In comparison with control group, the frequency of esophagitis graded as LC or LD increased and extra-esophageal symptoms were higher in elderly group (P＜ 0.05), but the lower typical symptoms (heartburn and regurgitation) were seen in the elderly group(P＜0.05). The scores of role physical, bodily pain and role emotional were higher in elderly group than those in control group (P＜0.05). There was no significant differences between two groups in physical function, vitality,social functioning, mental health, and general health. Conclusion The elderly GERD patients often have lower score of typical reflux symptoms (heartburn and regurgitation) and high incidence of severer esophagitis, but their quality of life is not significantly influenced.

Objective To investigate the effects of 6-minutes of walking exercise (6-MWE) on the exercise tolerance and left ventricular diastolic function (LVDF) of heart failure patients with a normal ejection fraction (HFNEFs).Methods Ninety grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ HFNEFs of the New York heart association (NYHA) were randomly divided into an exercise training group and a control group with 45 cases in each.The control group was treated with routine drugs.The exercise training group was treated with the same drugs plus 6-MWE.Before and after the sixmonth period of treatment,plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels were determined,each subject's left atrial volume index (LAVI) was measured with a color ultrasonic cardiogram (UCG),and their 6-minute walk distance (6-MWD) was measured.Results Plasma NT-proBNP levels and 6-MWD improved significantly comparing with before treatment in both groups.The average 6-MWD,LAVI and plasma NT-proBNP level all improved significantly more in the experimental group.Conclusion 6-MWE can significantly improve the exercise tolerance and LVDF of HFNEFs,and improve their quality of life.Walking can be helpful in delaying the development of HFNEF.

ObjectiveTo investigate the expression of programmed death receptor ligand 1 ( PD-L1 ) of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with hepatic cystic echincccccosis (HCE) and its relation with interferon-γ.MethodsThe clinical data of 63 patients with HCE who were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from June 2010 to February 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients were divided into HCE active group (38 patients) and HCE non-active group (25 patients) according to the system established by the World Health Organization's Informal Working Group on Echinocoecosis.Twenty patients with hepatic hemangioma or healthy individuals were recruited in normal control group.The positive rate of PD-L1 expression was detected by flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry.The expression of interferon-γ was detected by enzyme-linked immtmosorbent assay (ELISA).All data were analyzed by the t test,one-way analysis of variance,LSD test and chi-square test.The relationship between the expression of interferon-γ and positive rate of PD-L1 expression was analyzed by the Pearson test.ResultsThe results of flow cytometry showed that the positive rates of PD-L1 expression in the HCE active group,HCE non-active group and normal control group were 12.1％±3.8％,10.9％ ± 2.5％ and 9.1％ ±2.5％,respectively.There was a significant difference in the positive rate of PD-L1 expression between the HCE active group and normal control group (t =3.327,P ＜ 0.05 ).The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the positive rates of PD-LI expression in the HCE active group,HCE non-active group and normal control group were 11.9％ ± 3.4％,i0.6％ ± 2.9％ and 9.5％ ± 3.6％,respectively.There was a significant difference in the positive rate of PD-L1 expression between the HCE active group and normal control group (t =2.470,P ＜ 0.05 ).The expressions of intefferon-γ in the HCE active group,HCE non-active group and normal control group were ( 141 ± 38 ) μμg/L,( 124 ± 32 ) μg/L and ( 105 ± 42 ) μg/L.There wasasignificant difference in the expression of interferon-γ between the HCE active group and normal control group ( t =3.280,P ＜ 0.05).The results of flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry revealed that the positive rate of PD-L1 expression was positively correlated with the expression of interferon-γ( r =0.59,0.61,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion With the help of interferon-γ,PD-L1 may play an important role in promoting the immune.evasion of echinococcus.

Objective To discuss the relationships between qi-arrival and mind-control, qi-arrival and qi-regulation, and to define qi-arrival by tracing the relevant records in Nei Jing (Classic of Internal Medicine) and Nan Jing (Classic of Difficult Issues). Method Thirty-seven relevant ancient books of the two classics were reviewed and the notes by WANG Bing, MA Shi, and YANG Shang-shan were referred. Result Mind-control requires the spirits of the practitioner, patient and environment, as well as observing and waiting for the arrival of qi. Regarding qi-regulation, theories involve that qi-arrival achieves same reinforcing and reducing effect as qi-regulation, qi-regulation is elucidated from the correct location of acupoint, proper needling depth and direction, and to regulate qi by observing the arrival of qi. Besides, the changes of internal and external environments also influence qi-arrival via qi-regulation and mind-control. Conclusion Qi-arrival is closely related to mind-control and qi-regulation in obtaining, differentiation, and adjustment. Mind-control and qi-regulation assist each other through the whole acupuncture process, which is the core of qi-arrival.