Objective To investigate the reversal effect and the mechanism of sodium norcantharidate(SNCTD)on human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549/DDP. Methods CKK assay was used to screen out non-toxic concentration (less than 10 percent of cell inhibition ratio) of SNCTD, and to measure the IC50 of cisplatin and IC50 of innoxious concentration SNCTD plus cisplatin in drug-resistant cell line. The accumulation effect of Rh123 was assayed by flow cytometry after treatment with non-toxic concentration of SNCTD. PT-PCR was used to detect the expression of mdr1, MRP1 gene for the drug-resistant cell line treated with non-toxic concentration of SNCTD for 48h. Results (1)The non-toxic concentration of SNCTD was 5μg/ml. SNCTD could decrease drug resistance to cisplatin. The reversal fold was 1.97. (2)The fluorescence intensity of Rh123 in the cells treated with 5μg/ml SNCTD was obviously increased (F=36.99, P＜0.05). (3)The expressions of mdr1, MRP1 gene decreased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner.Conclusions SNCTD could reverse the resistance to cisplatin in A549/DDP cell line. It possibly downregulates the expression of mdr1, MRP1 gene, and inhibits the function of efflux pump of membrance protein.

[Objective]To evaluate FANCF gene methylation status and its roles in the pathogenesis acute myeloid leukemia (AML).[Methods]Genomic DNA from primary 30 AML patients and 21 AML cell lines were subjected to FANCF methylation analysis by PCR based restriction enzyme digestion assay.FANCF protein expression was detected by Western blot.In addition,FANCF gene methylation status was further analyzed using bisulfate sequencing.[Results] No FANCF methylation was found in primary AML patients.One (4.76 ％) AML cell line contained FANCF methylation in the promoter region.The AML cell line was hypersensitive to MMC with absence of FANCF protein expression.[Conclusion] FANCF methylation is a rare event in AML,and does not contribute to the initiation of AML, but may contribute to the clonal transformation and cellular phenotype maintenance in some AML cell lines.

DOTA and its derivatives are most widely uscd novel bifunctional chelators.They have not only mature synthesis route,but also good coordination and chelating ability.Therefore,DOTA metal complexes of DOTA-peptide conjugates are increasingly used as MRI contrast agents,radionuclide targeted imaging agents and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals in the biomedical field.This review covers the bifunctional derivatives of DOTA,the synthesis of DOTA-peptide conjugates,and the applications of DOTA-peptide conjugate metal complexes.

Objective To discuss the injective method, contrast agent concentration and delay time of MSCT direct venography in lower extremity vein, in order to make optimal venographic schedule. Methods Thirty-two patients with lower extremity vein diseases underwent MSCT direct venography in using different concentration and injective rate of contrast agent, and the images were analyzed. The displaying ability of MSCT direct venography in lower extremity vein segment was compared with that of X-ray venography in 22 patients. Results Blood flow correlation constructed defect was the main factor impacting image quality of CT venography in lower extremity. The image scores between the groups of injective rate 1.5 ml/s and the group of 2.5 ml/s were statistically different (χ~2=5.495, P=0.019), whereas no difference of image score was found between the group of concentration of 25% and 15% (χ~2=3.333, P=0.068). The displaying ability of CT and X-ray venography in anterior tibial vein, posterior tibial vein, popliteal vein and femoral vein was not statistically different (χ~2=2.095, P=0.148). For iliac vein, the displaying ability of CT outstripped that of X-ray venography (χ~2=8.324, P=0.004). Conclusion With the schedule of delay time 50 s, injective rate 2.5 ml/s and concentration 45 mgI/ml (nonionic 300 mgI/ml and diluted 15%), MSCT direct venography in lower extremity can acquire satisfactory image, and its displaying ability of iliac vein is better than that of X-ray venography.

Objective This study aimed to assess the effects of active and passive smoking on chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods Seven hundred and five patients with T2DM were recruited in the study and were divided into three groups based on smoking status as active smokers,passive smokers and non-smokers.Twenty-four hour urinary albumin excretion (24hUAE) was measured,and estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated with age and blood creatinine levels.Results (1) The proportion of CKD in T2DM in the present study was 31.63％ (223/705) with 28.6％ (22/77),30.0％ (15/50) and 29.6％ (73/247) for non-smokers,passive smokers and active smokers in men,and 29.9％ (40/134),35.9％ (66/184) and 7/13 for non-smokers,passive smokers and active smokers in women,respectively.In comparison with non-smokers,a higher risk of CKD was found in both passive and active smokers (OR =1.07 and OR =1.05 in men ; OR =1.31 and OR =2.74 in women,respectively).(2) Compared with non-smokers,passive smokers had a significant higher risk for albuminuria in women (OR =2.02,P =0.016).(3) After adjusting for gender,age,duration of T2DM,BMI,systolic blood pressure,glycosylated hemoglobin A1C and lipids,there was a significant decrease in eGFR between active and never smokers (P =0.018)or passive smokers (P =0.000) in women.No differences could be found in eGFR between each smoking statues in men.Conclusions Smoking exposure alone confers a high risk for CKD in patients with T2DM.Our results highlight an importance in implementation of a smoke-free environment for patients with T2DM.

AIM:To reveal the characteristics and patterns of mental activity in the cerebral cortex of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and explore the pathogenetic characteristics of ADHD.METHODS: The ADHD patients were asked to record their mental activity, general health condition and obsessions before the onset of pathological symptoms by means of psychological introspective reports.RESULTS: The direct cause of attention distraction and failure of attention focus is the patients' inability to perform cognitive tasks (including perception, memory and recollection, imagination, association and thought)in a continuously ongoing manner in relaxation. The frequent stagnancy and pause during the course of recognition precipitated the patients in a stressful state, which contributed to the onset of various hyperactivities and also resulted in the acquisition of "silent verbal thinking". This is an important psychopathological phenomenon long been neglected. All theses abnormalities caused the patients much discomfort, which was naturally relieved by means of impulsive and irritable behaviors.CONCLUSION: A series of clinical symptoms of ADHD arises from the same pathogenic factor of difficulty in mental activity and inability to carry out the activities in the cerebral cortex in a relaxed manner. The difficulty in mental activity is the key problem of ADHD and the source of various synptoms, which should be ;reated for the first place. The cause of this key problem is possibly lowered metabolism of the cerebral cortex, and the effect of "instinct" can not be neglected in the attempt to explain the pathogenesis of ADHD.

Study the immunological adjuvant function of biodegradable microspheres for DNA immunization. Empty poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolic acid) microspheres were prepared using the water-inoil-in-water(w-o-w)technique; A plasmid DNA pRc-CMV encoding hepatitis B virus S antigen was constructed;The mixture of the microspheres and the plasmid DNA was prepared by incubation method. The mixture was administered to Balb/c mice by intramuscular injection. Result: The high antibody titer (1:1600) of intramuscular injection of the mixture of microspheres and the plasmid DNA was obtained, similar to that of intramuscular injection of the mixture of AL(OH)3 and hepatitis B virus S antigen; while intramuscular injection the plasmid DNA elicited no serum antibody respones. Conclusion: biodegradable microspheres may be used as an good adjuvant for DNA immunization.

The 1,095 bp gene encoding peroxidase from Coprinus cinereus was synthesized and integrated into the genome of Pichia pastoris with a highly inducible alcohol oxidase. The recombinant CiP (rCiP) fused with the a-mating factor per-pro leader sequence derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae was secreted into the culture medium and identified as the target protein by mass spectrometry, confirming that a C. cinereus peroxidase (CiP) was successfully expressed in P. pastoris. The endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 (Ero1) and protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) were co-expressed with rCiP separately and simultaneously. Compared with the wild type, overexpression of PDI and Erol-PDI increaseed Cip activity in 2.43 and 2.6 fold and their activity reached 316 U/mL and 340 U/mL respectively. The strains co-expressed with Erol-PDI was used to high density fermentation, and their activity reached 3,379 U/mL, which was higher than previously reported of 1,200 U/mL.
Coprinus ; enzymology ; Culture Media ; Cytoplasm ; Fermentation ; Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Mass Spectrometry ; Mating Factor ; Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors ; metabolism ; Peptides ; Peroxidases ; biosynthesis ; Pichia ; metabolism ; Protein Disulfide-Isomerases ; metabolism ; Protein Folding ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins ; metabolism

Septic arthritis of the sternoclavicular joint(SCJ) is a rare condition and accounts for 0.5％-1.0％ of septic arthritis.SCJ infections often require surgical intervention.Diabetes mellitus,rheumatoid arthritis,intravenous drug use,intraarticular injection and immunosuppressive disorders are predisposing factors.Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most common bacteriologies.Early diagnosis of SCJ infection requires a high index of suspicion and a confirmatory CT or MRI scan.The characteristic imaging features include intramedullary and soft tissue gas,sequestra,soft tissue swelling and destruction or widening of joint space.Management strategies have ranged from conservative antibiotic therapy to en-bloc resection of the sternoclavicular joint with or without ipsilateral pectoralis major muscle transposition.The shoulder function in most patients were well preserved.

Aim To study the distributive character of mitomycin(MMC) magnetic nanoparticles and MMC normal saline solution in mice.Methods A HPLC method for the determination of MMC in tissues and serum were established and applied to determine MMC in biological samples.Results Under the guidance of an external magnetic field,targeting rates of MMC to liver viscus are 82.72% after 30 minutes tail vein administration of(1 mg?kg~(-1)) mitomycin magnetic nanoparticles,it was 2.37 times larger than targeting rates of MMC normal saline solution group.The distributions of heart and kidney of mitomycin magnetic nanoparticles were less than that of MMC normal saline solution group.Compared with the results of tail vein administration mitomycin nanoparticles,interaction between the external magnetic field and magnetic nanoparticles is significantly effective to increase targeting rates of MMC to liver.Compared with the results of tail vein administration mitomycin magnetic nanoparticles without the external magnetic field,Mitomycin magnetic nanoparticles under the guidance of an external magnetic field is significantly effective to increase targeting rates of MMC to liver.Conclusions Mitomycin magnetic nanoparticles under the guidance of an external magnetic field is significantly effective to increase targeting rates of MMC to liver and prolonging effect on the action in vivo.