Objective:To investigate the influence of compound glycyrrhizin on expression of HMB45,TNF-? and IL-6 in lesion of compound. using vitiligo guinea pig model induced by chemical decolorized compound.Methods:Two Guinea pig model groups were respectively treated with compound glycyrrhizin in 27.8 mg/kg and 55.6 mg/kg dosage. Immunohistochemical studies were performed to study the expression of HMB45,TNF-? and IL-6 in compound glycyrrhizin treated group,vitiligo model group and normal control group.Results:The expression of HMB45 in lesion of vitiligo model group was lower than the normal control group.The expression of HMB45 in lesion of compound treated group was higher than the vitiligo model group and the expression of HMB45 increased accompany by the increase of dosage.The expression of TNF-? and IL-6 in vitiligo model group was significantly higher than the normal control group (P

Objective·To explore the diagnostic value of 9 mTc-sestamibi (9 mTc-MIBI) single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) and ultrasonography in hyperparathyroidism. Methods·Fifty patients with hyperparathyroidism were included. 9 mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT was performed before operations in all patients, while ultrasonography was performed in 33 patients. The diagnostic efficiency was calculated for both imaging methods in comparison to pathological data. Results·Serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were 352.0 (141.5-846.0) pg/mL and 1792.0 (1018.5-2358.5) pg/mL, respectively, in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), while maximum diameters of lesion were 14.5 (9.0-20.9) mm and 10.0 (8.0-12.6) mm, respectively (both P<0.01). The accuracy of SPECT/CT were 97.7% and 62.5%, respectively (P<0.01), in PHPT and SHPT. In 33 patients, the sensitivity and accuracy of SPECT/CT were 66.3% and 74.2%, respectively, whereas the sensitivity and accuracy of ultrasonography were 45.7% and 61.4%, respectively (both P<0.05). Conclusion·Serum PTH levels were higher, while maximum diameters of lesion were longer in PHPT than that in SHPT, and the diagnostic efficiency was also higher in PHPT than that in SHPT. In the other hand, the sensitivity and accuracy of SPECT/CT were higher than that of ultrasonography.

Objectives: To reveal the morphological features of the stratum corneum lipids in hairless mouse epidermis. Methods: Ruthenium tetroxide and osmium tetroxide were compared as post fixative in the preparation of hairless epidermis for transmission electron microscopic examination. Results: Both reagents reveled characteristic membrane coating granules within the granular layer. Whereas, the transformation of the membrane coating granule contents into multiple lamellae at the interface between the granular and cornified layers and the persistence of these lamellae through all levels of the stratum corneum were demonstrated only by ruthenium tetroxide fixation. Conclusions: The distinctive patterning of the intercellular lamellae reflects the nonrandom organization of the stratum corneum lipids. In addition, the ruthenium tetroxide postfixation technique is a useful method in the investigation of the morphological features of the stratum corneum lipids.

Objective To construct the short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-expressing plasmid vectors specific for BRAF gene, and to test their effects in BRAF knockdown in human melanoma cell lines. Methods Two pairs of specific BRAF shRNA oligoes and a pair of randomly synthesized non-specific shRNA oligo were synthesized and inserted into plasmid pGenesil-1. Their fidelity was confirmed by double endonuclease digestion and sequencing. The constructed plasmids were transfected into human melanoma cell lines A375 and M14. The expression of BRAF mRNA and BRAF protein were detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Results The designed shRNA oligoes were precisely cloned into the plasmid pGenesil-1. The expression of BRAF mRNA and protein were down-regulated by specific plasmid braf 1 and braf 2, except to non-specific plasmid neg. The plasmid braf 1 was more effective, reducing BRAF gene expression by 90 per cent. Conclusions Plasmid mediated shRNA could successfully knockdown BRAF expression in human melanoma cells, and the suppression of the gene expression could maintain for 1 month at least.

Objective To investigate the effect of metabolic syndrome and its components on imaging of brain impairment in subcortical ischemic vascular disease.Methods 120 patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) including 25 cases without metabolic syndrome,25 cases with the risk of metabolic syndrome,70 cases with metabolic syndrome.The diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome was the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ (NCEP-ATP Ⅲ).Brain MRI was assessed by the Scheltens scale,and divided into 3 regions:periventricular hyper intensities (PVH),leukoaraiosis (LA),basal ganglia hyper-intensities (BG).Results The assessment scores of PVH,LA,BG and Scheltens scores were higher in patients with the risk of metabolic syndrome and patient with metabolic syndrome than in patient without metabolic syndrome [(3.75±1.60),(4.21±1.09) us.(2.76±1.62),(10.67±5.26),(13.79±5.25) us.(6.36±3.93),(3.21±2.62),(6.90±4.25) us.(1.52±1.50),(17.62±8.32),(24.90±9.25)vs.(10.58± 5.89),respectively,all P＜0.05].Waist circumference had positive correlations with LA and Scheltens scores (r=0.185,P=0.046; r=0.488,P＜0.001).Positive correlation was found between triglyceride (TG) and LA,BG scores (r=0.188,P=0.042; r=0.311,P =0.001).The positive correlations of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) with LA,BG and Scheltens scores were found (r=0.235,P=0.011; r=0.229,P=0.013; r=0.206,P=0.027).High density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C) was correlated negatively with LA,BG and Scheltens scores (r=-0.238,P=0.010;r=-0.189,P=0.042; r=-0.335,P＜0.001).The further multivariate linear regression analysis showed that IGT,HDL-C had significant correlations with LA assessment score (both P＜0.05),TG had significant correlation with BG assessment score (P＜0.05),and waist circumfernce,IGT,HDL-C had significant correlations with Scheltens scores (all P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Metabolic syndrome and its components correlate with the imagings of cerebral damage in SIVD.Abdominal obesity,TG,IGT,HDL-C are the important risk factors for SIVD.

ObjectiveTo establish a central nervous system axonal mechanical transection model in vitro and observe the axonal regeneration style and speed following the transection. MethodsThe cortical explants the mice were cultured in vitro,of which the axon and dendrite parts were marked using immunofluorescence.The model was built by mechanically transecting the axons and removing the severed axons.The axonal regeneration style was observed by tracing the undeveloped cellular bodies adhering to the residual axonal surface.The growth speed of the regenerated axons and normal axons were measured as well.Results ( 1 ) After mechauically transecting the axons of explants,the axonal regeneration was largely founded at the transected line.The undeveloped cellular bodies went over the transected line and spread to the distal area with axonai regeneration. (2) The axonal growth speed was (118 ± 32) μm/d and (72 ±41) μm/d in the transection group,but was (41 ± 17) μm/d and (32 ± 19) μm/d in the control group at 24 and 48 hours respectively. ConclusionThe regeneration style of the transected axons is the extension of the axonal stumps,rather than sprouting growth,and the growth speed is faster than that of the normal axons.

Objective To establish a model fit for axonal regeneration research after its mechanical injury.Methods Cortical explants from mice were planted on culture dishes by microglass pipettes or routine glass pipettes.The cell body and dendrites in axonal area were detected by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR.Besides,purity of regenerated axons was also tested by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR after mechanical transection of axons under microscopy.Results Compared with explants planting by routine glass pipettes,in the outside 1/2 axons of explants planted by micro-glass pipettes,the immunofluorescence and RT-PCR showed negative nucleus and dendrites.In the regenerated axons following mechanical transection of explants planted by micro-glass pipette,the immunofluorescene and RT-PCR showed no regenerated axons nucleus mixed into the dendrites and nucleus.Conclusions Explants planted by micro-glass pipette obtains enough pure axons and regenerated axons.The establishment of models of axonal mechanical transection lays foundation for its molecular study after trauma.

Objective To investigate effect of polymorphism of apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene on early apoptosis of astrocytes after hypoxic injury.Methods Astrocytes separated from APOE wild mice and APOE transgenic mice (ε3,ε4) were primarily cultured,and then purified and identified.Models of astrocyte hypoxic injury were set up by hypoxia.Morphological changes of astrocytes and mitochondria were observed by transmission electron microscope.Early apoptosis rate and changes of mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by flow cytometry.Results Cell foot process tumidness and mitochondria with irregular outline,vacuoles and irregular cristae were observed in each group by electron microscopy at six hours after hypoxia.There were no significant differences of cellular form changes among groups.Early apoptosis rate and decreasing degree of mitochondrial membrane potential in APOFε4 group were significantly higher than those in APOEε3 group and APOE wild group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with astrocytes from APOEε3 group and APOE wild group,mitochondrial membrane potential in astrocytes from APOEε4 group at early period after hypoxia declines more significantly,as may be one of causes for more astrocyte apoptosis.

Objective To explore the effect of the diet recovery time on postural hypotension after gynecological laparoscopic operation. Methods A total of 300 patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopy were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to the order of admission,150 cases in each group. Patients in observation group took liquid food since recovery from anesthetic, their appetite and dietary levels restored to preoperative level within 24 h after surgery from liquid diet to regular diet. Patients in control group were given routine nursing care of diet after belly operation. Results The diet recovery time and the anal exhaust time of patients in observation group were (21.2±3.5) h and (15.5±4.7) h, the control group were (46.8±5.4) h and (23.4±5.4) h, there was significant difference between two groups (t=7.543,5.126, P<0.05).The incidence rate of orthostatic hypotension in observation group was 9.3% (14/150), the control group was 33.3% (50/150), there wassignificant difference between two groups (χ2=8.907, P<0.05). Conclusions Patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopy took food as soon as possible, their appetite and dietary levels restored to preoperative level within 24 h after operation. It didn′ t increase abdominal distension, but helped the intestinal function recovery and helped to reduce the incidence of postoperative orthostatic hypotension.

Background Neointima formation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and restenosis after angioplasty.We hypothesized if atorvastatin inhibits neointima formation mediating decreases in cathepsin S (Cat S) and nuclear factor-?B(NF-?B) expression.Objective The study was aimed to explore the effect of atorvastatin on the neointima formation,Cat S and NF-?B expression in rats after balloon-injured carotid artery.Methods Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly one of three arms:control group(n=8),surgery group(n=8) and atorvastatin group[10 mg/(kg?d),n=8] for 4 weeks.Surgery and atorvastatin group were performed with balloon angioplasty to the left common carotid artery.The serum levels of IL-1? were measured using enzyme-link-immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Carotid arteries were excised and examined with pathomorphology.The expression of Cat S and NF-?B was measured using using the RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry techniques.Results Compared with surgery group,atorvastatin decreased intima area and intima media ratio(I/M)[intima area:(148.6?8.8)?103 vs (64.8?5.1)?103 ?m2;I/M:(2.1?0.2) vs (0.9?0.1),all P