Objective To observe the treatment of continuous passive motion(CPM) on talipes valgus in the chil-dren with cerebral palsy. Methods There were 57 children in this research including normal group and valgus group, the children in valgus group were randomly divided into control group, non-CPM group and CPM group. The control group didn’t receive any rehabilitation treatment. The non-CPM group received conventional rehabilita-tion treatment. The CPM group received conventional rehabilitation and CPM therapy. Evaluate the children in nor-mal group with plantar pressure analysis and evaluate each patient before treatment two and four months after treat-ment with plantar pressure analysis. Results Compared with the normal group, the percentage of medial midfoot (MMF) pressure, HEEL pressure, initial contact phase(ICP) and forefoot contact phase(FFCP) were obviously higher in valgus groups. On the other hand, the percentage of lateral forefoot ( LFF) pressure, lateral midfoot (LMF) pressure and foot flat phase(FFP) were obviously lower in valgus groups(P < 0. 05). The percentage of MMF pressure, and FFP became lower after treatment in both CPM group and non-CPM group while the percentage of ICP and FFCP became higher(P < 0. 05). In CPM group there was a more obvious change with the percentage of MMF pressure, ICP and FFCP compared with non-CPM group and the control group(P < 0. 05). Conclusion U-sing CPM can alleviate muscle spasms and contracture, correct the deformity of midfoot, enhance the muscle group coordination on foot and further more improve gait of patients with cerebral palsy.

Objective To evaluate NucliSens HIV-1 QT(bioMerieux,Netherlands) in quantitating human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1) RNA in whole semen or seminal plasma from HIV-1-infected people.Methods Five levels of HIV-1 RNA were spiked to whole semen,seminal plasma and blood plasma samples from healthy people,and then measured by NucliSens HIV-1 QT.The same method was used to measure HIV-1 RNA in seminal plasma and blood plasma samples from 15 HIV-1 infected people.Results Nucleic acid amplification inhibitors were found in whole semen but not in seminal plasma when using NucliSens HIV-1 QT.No significant difference was found between normal seminal plasma and blood plasma samples spiked with HIV-1 RNA,and no false positive result was found in 10 normal seminal plasma samples.For 15 cases of HIV-1 infection,HIV-1 was detected in 80%(12/15) of the plasma samples and 40%(6/15) of the seminal plasma samples,with viral loads of

Objective:To investigate the effect of long-term partial sleep deprivation on young mice's learning and memory and explore its probable mechanism Methods:We established the long-term sleep deprivation model in young mice first After 30 days sleep deprivation, the spatial learning and memory of the mice were tested by water maze automatic control device Then the immunohistochemical staining was used to examine nNOS expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of right cerebral hemisphere Light microscopy and image analyzer was used to study the samples Results:Long-term sleep deprivation resulted in learning and memory impairment The mice in study group spend longer time for arriving the end than mice of control group, with much more faults in the routine of maze The immunohistochemical staining of nNOS showed that the expression in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were greatly decreased following partial sleep deprivation The area of positive and strong positive spots in prefrontal cortex of sleep deprivation group was less than that of control group, but in hippocampus only the area of strong positive spots was significantly different between the two groups Conclusions:Long-term partial sleep deprivation impairs young mice's learning and memory, and the decrease in expression of nNOS in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus maybe a mechanism inducing such impairments

Objective To explore the electrophysiological and clinical features of various subtypes of Guillain Barr? syndrome (GBS). Methods The electrophysiological and clinical data of 100 cases with GBS admitted to Xijing Hospital from 1980 to 1999 were analyzed retrospectively. Correlations between varied subtypes and ages were examined by ? 2 test. Results Among the 100 patients with GBS, the demyelinating pattern was present in 51 patients, the axonal pattern in 25 patients, and 8 patients were inexcitable, 12 patients equivocal and 4 patients normal. The demyelinating pattern appeared as a major subtype not only in different age groups, but also in different test times after symptom onset. There was no statistically significant relationship between varied subtypes and ages. In the 100 patients, 32.0% suffered from a preceding upper respiratory infection, and 22.0% had a preceding gastrointestinal tract infection. The cases occurring in rural areas are almost in number equal to those in urban areas. That is, there was no a clear area distribution. Both demylinating and axonal GBS occurred throughout the year with a likely peak from July to September. Conclusion In the 100 patients with GBS admitted to Xijing Hospital, the demyelinating pattern was the major electrophysiological subtype. In addition, the electrophysiological and clinical features of various subtypes of GBS seemed to be different in some ways from those in the studies of both western countries and Li CY in northern China.

Purpose:To investigate the feasibility of Gemci tabine with Lipiodol Emulsion for treatment of advanced liver cancer and its si de-effects.Methods:31 advanced liver cancer cases were treated with Gemcit abine with Lipiodol Emulsion for arterial embolijation some were treated with ar terial infusion chemotherapy.Early therapeutic effect and side-effects were eva luated after the first initial therapy. Results:In 31 patients ,4 patients were liver metastases from l ung carcinoma,8 patients were liver metastases from pancreatic carcinoma ,7 pati ents were liver metastases from colorectal carcinoma,12 patients were primary ma ssive liver cancer After the first treatment,the symptoms of gastrc pain and app etite were ameliorated,more over,the side-effects (omit,heart toxicity ,myelosu ppression) was slight. Conclusions:treatment using gemcitabine with lipiodol emulsion for arterial emboliyation and arterial infusion for chemtherapy in advanced live r cancer is not only safe but also improves the patients' quality of life.The r esults suggested that the treatment is mild in toxicity.

Purpose:To investigate the effect of CD40 ligandization on breast cancer cell line and endothelial vein cell line.Methods:The expression of CD40 and its ligand on breast cancer cell line(M231),EVC cell line,fresh clinic breast cancer cell were determined by indirect immunofluorescence assay with flow cytometry(FCM) analysis.Then M231 cells cultured with CD40 agonsitic monoclone antibody,adriamycin alone or in combinations for 72 hours and proliferation of M231cells was determined by MTT assay.FCM was employed to study the cells' death or apopotosis with Annexin V PI assay.Results:M231 and ECV cell line and fresh clinic breast cancer cell are highly expressed CD40 but no CD40L.CD40 ligandization can not only inhibit the proliferation of M231 cell line but also inhibit ECV cell line by promoting the death or apoptosis of these cells.Combined CD40 agonsitic monoclone antibody with adriamycin may obviously inhibit proliferation of M231 and ECV cell line.Conclusions:CD40 ligandization may have double therapeutic effect to breast cancer: inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cell and inhibit tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting vascular endothelial cell.

Objective To investigate the effect of UCP2 on cell proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis in cervical squamous carcinoma. Methods Plasmid?mediated downregulation of UCP2 was obtained in cervical cancer cell lines. MTT, flow cytometry and transwell chamber assay were conducted to detect the ability of proliferation, apoptosis and metastasis. Characteristics of UCP2 protein was analyzed by bioinformatics methods. Results (1)UCP2 was verified to be downregulated by qRT?PCR and Western blotting assay.(2)MTT, apoptosis assay and transwell chamber assay showed that the proliferation of SiHa cell was significantly inhibited, and the apoptosis rate was significantly increased, and metastasis was markedly deduced (P < 0.05). (3) Bioinformatic analysis showed that UCP2 was located in mitochondria with several phosphorylation sites, and UCP2 interacted with other proteins to produce biological effects. Conclusion UCP2 may play an important role in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer, and it is expected to be a new target for the early diagnosis and treatment of cervical cancer.

ve To evaluate the performance of the target controlled infusion (TCI) system of midazolam for sedation during operation in terms of safety and ease of use in the elderly and the young. Methods Forty-four unpremedicated ASA I - II patients scheduled for elective surgery under epidural or combined spinal-epidural (CSE) anesthesia were included in this study. The patients were divided into two age groups: the elderly group aged 61-82 yr ( n = 22) and the young group aged 19-43 yr (n = 22) . Patients with neurological or severe cardiopulmonary diseases or abnormal liver or kidney function were excluded. The block height was maintained below T4. The TCI system consisted of Intel Pentium III 450 MHz computer and Graseby 3500 computerized infusion pump. The software we used was Stelpump Version 1.05 written by Pina and Coetzee and the pharmacokinetic model and parameter were described by Arram and Buhrer. The effect site concentration of midazolam was targeted and started from 50ng?ml-1, then increased in increment of 50 ng?ml-1 (in the young group) or 25ng?ml-1 (in the elderly group) until the patient did not respond to light shaking (defined as unconsciousness) . Each incremental increase was maintained for 15 min. Arterial blood samples were taken in ten patients randomly selected from each group at 10 and 15min after each incremental increase of midazolam concentration for determination of plasma midazolam concentration by high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC) .Results The bias (median performance error) of the TCI system of midazolam was 7.9% in the elderly group and 11.6% in young groups. The precision (median absolute performance error) was 20.0% in both groups. They were clinically acceptable. Conclusions The TCI system of midzolam can provided sedation for patients undergoing surgery under spinal and/or epidural anesthesia safely and efficiently in both the old and young.

Objective To assess the changes in heart rate variability (HRV) during midazolam sedation with TCI in the elderly and young patients. Methods Thirty-eight ASA I - Ⅱ patients scheduled for elective surgery on lower abdomen or lower extremities under epidural or combined epidural-spinal anesthesia were divided into two groups of 19 patients each: the young group (18-40 yr) and the elderly group (60-89 yr). Radial artery was cannulated for intra-arterial pressure monitoring and blood sampling. HRV was monitored by HXD-1 monitoring system. HRV parameters included total power (TP), low frequency(LF), high frequency(HF), LF/HF, nuLF(LF/TP ?100%) and NuHF(HF/TP ? 100%) . The height of block was maintained below T5. TCI was used to achieve a rapid induction and maintenance of a stable target blood midazolam concentration. Target blood midazolam concentration was started from 50 ng/ml and gradually increased with increment of 25 ng/ml in elderly group or 50ng/ml in the young group until loss of consciousness (OAA/S =1). Arterial blood samples were taken at each target blood midazolam concentration for determination of blood midazolam concentration. HRV parameters were recorded at different OAA/S scores during both the induction of and recovery from sedation. Results With increasing depth of sedation, most of the HRV parameters (LF, nuLF, LF/HF and TP) decreased progressively, while nuHF increased and HF remained unchanged. During recovery from midazolam-induced sedation, HRV parameters returned gradually to the baseline values. OAA/S scores and HRV parameters were well correlated(r = 0.502-0.719). The trend of changes in HRV was consistent in both groups. At the same OAA/S score, most values of HRV parameters were not significantly different between the two groups. Only during deep sedation (OAA/S=1), values of all HRV parameters were significantly lower in the elderly group than those in the young group, except LF/HF. Conclusions During profound sedation (OAA/S=1) midazolam depresses the activity of the autonomic nervous system more markedly in the elderly than in the young, but the elderly without cardiovascular and autonomic nervous system disorders has the same ability to keep the balance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system as theyoung.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss what service marketing strategies the pharmaceutical enterprises in China should choose in the face of more and more fierce competition in pharmaceutical markets.METHODS:The service characteristics of both prescription drugs and over-the-counter(OTC)drugs were analyzed and new conceptions in pharmaceutical marketing such as the development and application of the service marketing were introduced as well.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:Di?versity,standardization,materialization are the right way the pharmaceutical enterprises should follow in the prescription drugs services;however,standardization,mechanics,brands are necessary for the OTC drugs services.