Humans ; Male ; Prostate ; anatomy & histology ; pathology ; Prostatic Diseases ; pathology ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; pathology

Intraoperatively acquired pressure ulcer, also named intraoperatively acquired pressure injury, is one of the most common hospital-acquired pressure injuries. It is not only aspect rehabilitation of patients after surgery, but also increase the length of hospital stay, related costs , as well as hidden risks of medical disputes. In recent years， more and more studies attached high-frequency time and site, prevelance and incidence, clinical characteristics, risk factors and risk assessment for the intraoperative acquired pressure injuries around the world. It is benificial to do targeted prevention. This article reviewed the current studies in order to provide some basis for preventing the intraoperative acquired pressure injuries in China.

Objective To study the effects of ShaJi on the indexes of oxygen metabolism such as coronary blood flow in myocardium of anesthetized thoraco-opened dogs. Methods Dogs were randomly divided into control group,4 and 16 mg?kg-1 ShaJi groups,and positive control group(n=6).The anesthetized thoraco-opened dog models were set up.The administration of intravenous injection was used by femoral vein.The blood pressure,heart rate and coronary blood flow(CBF) were measured.Coronary resistance,myocardial oxygen uptake rate,myocardial oxygen consumption index and myocardial oxygen consumption were calculated.Results Compared with control group,the CBF was increased (P0.05).Conclusion ShaJi can significantly ameliorate oxygen metabolism in myocardium of anesthetized thoraco-opened dogs.

Objective·To analyze clinical and pathological characteristics of gastric malignancies from a single center of Ruijin Hospital,and provide references for making healthy policy on gastric tumors.Methods·The data sources were from hospital in-patients database including demographic information,family history,clinicopathological information,and census registering information during 2005 to 2014.The demographic data and clinicopathological data were analyzed.Results·The total number was 3 315 cases with gastric malignancies (2 184 male patients and 1 131 female patients).It was about 2 times as high in males as in females.The patient age was between 18 to 98 years old (mean 59.71 years old).Based on pathologic diagnosis,3 122 cases (94.2％) were gastric adenocarcinoma,others were gastrointestinal stromal tumors (5.5％),neuroendocrine tumor (0.2％) and malignant lymphoma (0.1％).Out of patients with gastric carcinoma,about 4.46％ of cases ran in families.Conclusion·Over 94％ cases of gastric malignancies are gastric carcinomas.Specific risk profiles of gastric carcinomas include age,gender and family factors.

Objective To establish age related reference value for the new reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (RET-He) parameter in healthy children aged one to thirteen years. Methods Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent was measured by Sysmex XE-2100 after completing daily internal quality control in 424 healthy children and the outlying observations was handled afterward, Age related reference value anddistribution of RET-He level were described as the 2.5th and 97.5th centiles, and the equation regardingage related reference value was established through curve fitting methods. Results After grouping accordingto sex, the medians of boys and girls in RET-He were 31.30 pg,31.80 pg. Non-parametric test showed therewas no differences between the boys and girls. When the data from two group was integrated together, thefitted equations of RET-He were: P2.5 =-0.008X3+0.125X2 - 0.178X+26.456; P97.5= 0.021X2-0.184X+34.670(X refers to age) ; R2 were 0.85 and 0.90,respectively(P <0.05). There was statisticallysignificance for the above equations. Conclusions The reference value of RET-He in healthy children isdifferent from those in adult. The equations can be used to produce age related reference value. It could beuseful for anemia diagnosis, differential diagnosis and hematopoiesis screening at early stage.

Objective To discuss the clinical aesthetic effect of vermilion repair on cleft lips after using double-line reconstruction.Methods 68 children with cleft lip were repaired according to the principle of double-line reconstruction,and two contents including 7 projects,such as shapes of upper lips,vermilion borders of lips,vermilion shapes and lips,etc,were evaluated comprehensively within one month after operation for assessing the postoperative effect.Results 68 cases were followed up,with the follow-up rate of 100％,and 62 cases (91.2％) were satisfied with the vermilion repair.Six cases (8.8％) had a common effect of vermilion shapes after repair.In the 7 contents evaluated,satisfactory results were achieved in the projects except the relatively poor symmetry vermilion borders of lips.Conclusions The double-line reconstruction helps to improve the aesthetic effect of vermilion repair on cleft lips.

Objective This paper aims at developing a survey tool for pressure ulcer prevention and testing its reliability and validity. Methods Through reviewing the domestic and foreign literatures and discussing repeatedly, item pool for pressure ulcer prevention and initial survey tool were developed.3 rounds of Delphi consultation were used to acquire experts′opinions for amending, perfecting the survey tool and calculating the content validity index. Investigations were performed by 70 nurses who were trained with the cross sectional survey on pressure ulcer prevention of 2047 patients from a top three hospital. The consistency reliability and con-struct validity of survey tool were then analyzed based on the survey results. Results The positive coefficient of experts in the 3 rounds of consultation were all 100%. The authority degree of the experts was 0.830. The coefficient of variation in the 3 rounds of con-sultation were 0.000-0.241,0.000-0.235 and 0.000-0.234 respectively. Kendall′s coefficient of concordance W were 0.115,0.174 and 0.214(P<0.001). The content validity index was 0.954. The Cronbach′s alpha was 0.824 from 2047 patients investigated by the 70 nurses. Exploratory factor analysis got two common factors which explained 75.351% of the total variance. The factor loading was 0.585-0.857(>0.400) respectively. Conclusion The survey tool for pressure ulcer prevention has good reliability and validity. It can be used to investigate pressure ulcer prevention of Chinese hospitalized patients.

AlM:To evaluate the expression of transcriptional factor lslet-1 in retina in experimental retinal neovascularization induced by oxygen.
METHODS: The murine retinal neovascularization were induced by hyperoxia exposure. The morphological observation of retinal neovascularization was performed using angiography by fluorescein dextran injection under the fluorescence microscope, and the new blood vessels were quantified after 5d in room air (17-day-old) by counting the vascular epithelial cell nuclei protruding into viteous cavity using HE stain. Realtime PCR and Western blot were used to examine retinal lslet-1 level in postnatal 7,12, 14,17 and 26d respectively.
RESULTS: A lots of new blood vessels were demonstrated in the mouse retina in hyperoxic group by fluorescein angiography and histological method. Moreover, no significant difference was found in retinal lslet-1 level in postnatal 7d between hyperoxic group and control group, but was significantly higher in postnatal 12, 14 and 17d mice compared with control mice. However, mice at postnatal 26d, expression of lslet-1 in retina decreased to normal level.
CONCLUSlON: ln processing mouse model of retinal neovascularization, sustained hypoxia retinal tissue induce retinal neovascularization by increas the expression of transcription factor lslet-1.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects and mechanism of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells in reversing multidrug resistance (MDR) and increasing intracellular concentration of adriamycin (ADR) in the K562/ADR cells.

METHODSPeripheral mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from healthy donors and cultured with combined cytokines to generate CIK. The changes of cell phenotype and cytokines secretion of CIK were determined. K562/ADR cells were divided into three groups: ADR in combination CIK (group I), CIK alone (group II) and ADR alone (group III). The viability and proliferation of K562/ADR cells were assayed by MTT assay, the intracellular concentration of ADR and the expression of P-glycoproteins (P-gp) in K562/ADR cells by FCM.

RESULTSThe cytotoxicity of ADR in group I was higher than that in group II (P < 0.05). The cytotoxicity was increased with the E/T ratio increasing (P < 0.05) but had no relation with the concentration of ADR in group I (P > 0.05). The expression of P-gp was declined in group I and group II (P > 0.05). The intracellular concentration of ADR in group I was higher than that in group II (P < 0.05), and had no relation with the ADR concentration (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPre-treatment with CIK can increase the cytotoxicity and the intracellular concentration of ADR and decrease the expression of P-gp in K562/ADR cells in the ADR and CIK combination group. Acute leukemia patients would be most likely to benefit from the combination of chemotherapy and CIK therapy.

Antineoplastic Agents ; pharmacology ; Cytokine-Induced Killer Cells ; immunology ; Drug Resistance, Multiple ; immunology ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; immunology ; Humans ; K562 Cells

Enhancing medical students' humane quality education is an urgent requirement for modem medical mode transformation for medical education.The pharmacology teachers of Chongqing Medical University follow the modem education concepts and fully search the human spirit materials hidden in pharmacology,then actively explore how to integrate the humanity spirit education into the pharmacology teaching to achieve the changes of from exam-oriented education to quality education.