Bioreactor is a key equipment in bioengineering.The bioprocessing efficiency using bioreactors is significantly affected by the reactor configuration.It is apparent that research on the bioreactor structure is one of key issues in bioengineering.Along with industrialization of penicillin mechanically stirred bioreactor was developed,after that large quantity of bioreactors was invented for the sake of the development of mammal and plant cell cultivation,epiphyte cultivation and algae cultivation.Among these bioreactors mechanical stirred bioreactors and airlift bioreactors are very popular.Recent trends of studies on mechanically stirred bioreactors and airlift ones were reviewed.The focus is on the summarization and analysis of 11 kinds of novel bioreactors developed around the world.

Objective To analyze the potential association between the single ucleotide polymorphisms(SNP) of the vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) gene with the risk of endometriosis by meta-analysis.Methods Published case-control studies about the influence of VEGF polymorphisms on endometriosis were searched and screened in Medline,the Cochrane library,China National Knowledge Internet(CNKI),Chinese Biological Medicine Disk ( CBM ),data base of Wanfang and Foreign Medical Journal Full-Text Serv ice(FMJS).RevMan 5.0 software was used for meta-analysis.Results Finally,there were 9 literatures including 1610 endometrisis patients and 1643 controls cases,which were eligible for the criteria to investigating the VEGF SNP about - 460C/T,+ 405C/G and + 936C/T.The results of metaanalysis showed that there was no evidence for association between endometriosis and the VEGF -460C/T SNP in the genotype or allele frequencies distribution ( P ＞ 0.05 ).Significant differences were found between the frequencies distribution of VEGF + 405CC genotype( P =0.009,OR =1.45,95％ CI:1.10 - 1.91 ) and + 405 C allele ( P =0.020,OR =1.19,95 ％ CI:1.03 - 1.38 ),also between the + 936CC genotype ( P =0.050,OR=0.81,95％CI:0.66-1.00) and +936T allele (P=0.040,OR=1.20,95％CI:1.01 -1.43).Conclusions The VEGF + 405C/G and + 936C/T SNP may be associated with the risk of endometriosis.Women carrying the + 405C or the + 936T allele could significantly increase the risk of developing endometriosis.

Objective To investigate the association between the single nucleotide polymorphisms of interleukin-27 (IL-27) gene and susceptibility to systematic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Guangxi Zhuang population. Methods In total, 135 patients with SLE and 150 age- and sex-matched human controls of Zhuang nationality were recruited in this study. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and DNA sequencing were performed to analyze the IL-27 gene -964 A/G and -2905 T/G polymorphisms.Results Significant differences were observed in the distribution of IL-27 gene -964 A/G polymorphism (x2 =9.88, P ＜ 0.01 ). The relative risk for SLE in carriers of G allele at position 964 of IL-27 gene was 1.725 times that in carriers of A allele at this position (OR = 1.725,95% CI: 1.227 - 2.425). A significant increase was observed in the frequency of 964G/2905G alleles of IL-27 gene in patients with SLE compared with the controls (10.7% vs. 5.3%, P ＜ 0.01 ), and the 964G/2905G alleles were associated with a significantly increased risk for SLE (OR = 2.351, 95% CI: 1.228 - 4.501 ). Conclusions The IL-27 gene -964 A/G polymorphism is associated with the development of SLE, and the -964 G allele may increase the genetic susceptibility to SLE.

Objective To analyze the status and the distribution of causes of injuries as well as disease burden in children under 5 years old in Sichuan Province.Methods The death information cards of children who died because of injuries in Sichuan Province in 2012 were analyzed,and the years of potential life lost and working years of potential life lost were calculated to evaluate the disease burden.Results 22.87％ (1 502/6 567) of children lost their lives because of injuries,the mortality of injury was 4.13‰,63.45％ of children died at the age between l and 4,and most of the children died at home or on the road; The top 3 causes of children death of injuries below 5 years old were drowning,accidental suffocation and traffic accidents.The years of potential life lost and working years of potential life lost were 73.05 years and 58.30 years.Conclusion Injury is one of the most mainly risk factor of health and life of children,the government should further prevent and control children injuries.

Objective To analyze the chromosome karyotypes,prenatal diagnosis indications and pregnancy outcomes of high-risk pregnant women in Guangzhou.Methods 2 475 cases pregnant women with screening high risk were operated amniocen-tesis or cordocentesis from January 2010 to September 2012,then amniotic fluids and cord bloods were cultured and the cell were collected for chromosome preparation,G banding,karyotype analysis.We completed follow-up works lastly.Results 38 cases were detected chromosomal abnormality(including 12 cases Down′s syndrome,9 cases sex chromosome abnormality,7 cases transloca-tion,5 cases Edwards′syndrome,2 cases inversion,2 cases deletion,1 cases triploid),the abnormal rate was 1.54%.132 cases were detected chromosomal polymorphism(60 cases 1,9,16qh+ ,30 cases inv(9),25 cases D/Gs+ ,17 cases Y polymorphism).Research on prenatal diagnosis indications,there were 449 cases advanced age,668 cases Down′s screening with high risk,158 cases with ab-normal B ultrasound screening,38 cases with adverse pregnancy history.Conclusion The highest percentage abnormal karyotype is Down′s syndrome.Down′s screening high risk is the main reason for prenatal diagnosis.It is very important to do prenatal diagnos-tic and system B ultrasound for the high-risk pregnant women.

Objective To investigate the consistency in the measurement of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT)volume using non-ECG-gated CT and ECG-gated CT.Methods ECG-gated CT and non-ECG-gated CT examinations were obtained in 104 subjects. The ECG-gated group was outlined the epicardium by an associate chief physician with a hand-painted method,the CT value of quan-titative adipose tissue was ranged from -30 HU to -250 HU.The non-ECG-gated group was outlined the epicardium by two asso-ciate chief physicians,A and B;The two CT values were ranged from -20 HU to -250 HU and from -30 HU to -250 HU,re-spectively.The measurement results of two groups were compared for the analysis of the relationship between EAT volume and cor-onary atherosclerosis.Results After the employment of CT value ranging from -20 HU to -250 HU for non-ECG-gated group, the measurement result was well consistent with ECG-gated group.The measurement results obtained by two associate chief physi-cians using the same range of CT value were in a good consistency.The EAT volumes obtained by various measurements were all correlated to the occurrence of coronary atherosclerosis.Conclusion After adjusting the range of CT value,two methods were in a good consistency.Non-ECG-gated CT measurement of EAT volume is easy to operate,which has a better practical value.

Objective To study the effect of pioglitazone(PIO) on AdipoR1 and cholesterol ester(CE) in foam cells derived from THP-1-derived macrophages.Methods THP-1-derived macrophages were incubated with increasing concentrations of PIO for 24 hours.After co-cultured with low density lipoprotein(LDL),the accumulation of cholesterol in macrophages was measured by fluorescence spectrophotometric method.The lipid peroxide within cells was detected by TBARS method,the foam cells were observed by oil red staining.AdipoR1 levels were determined by Western blot.Results Compared with the ox-LDL group (0 μmol/L),oil red O-positive cells of the PIO protective groups were greatly reduced.TC,CE,MDA of the PIO protective groups were also obviously decreased.TC (53.6 ± 1.2) μg/mg,CE (30.2 ± 3.6) μg/mg,MDA (3.42 ± 0.06) μg/mg of 5 μμ mol/L PIO group were lower than those of 0μmol/L PIO group[(98.2 ± 3.5),(65.5 ± 6.5),(8.50 ± 1.21)] μg/mg (P ＜ 0.05).TC (25.6 ± 1.8) μg/mg,CE (22.5 ± 4.5) μg/mg,MDA (1.90 ± 0.42) μg/mg of 50 μmol/L PIO group.TC (16.8 ± 2.2) μg/mg,CE(5.9 ± 1.4) μg/mg,MDA (0.65 ± 0.05) μg/mg of 100μmol/L PIO group.Concomitantly,PIO significantly increased AdipoR1 protein expresion,AdipoR1 of 5μmol/L PIO group(0.06±0.05) was higher than that of 0μmol/L PIO group(0.03 ±0.07).AdipoR1 of 50μmol/L PIO group(0.11 ±0.07) was higher than that of 5μmol/L PIO group (0.06 ± 0.05).AdipoR1 of 100 μmol/L PIO group (0.40 ± 0.05) was obviously higher than that of 50 μ mol/L PIO group (0.11 ± 0.07).Conclusion PIO inhibited THP-1-derived formation by up-regulation the expression of AdipoR1,which may play an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis.

AIM: To investigate the effect of cyclophosphamide(CTX) on proliferation and apoptosis of mesangial cells(GMC) of rat in vitro. METHODS: GMC proliferation was detected by MTT method, GMC apoptosis was examined by inverted microscopy for phase-contract and fluoroscopy and flow cytometry analysis. The levels of Fas and Bcl-2 were also detected by immunohistology. RESULTS: The proliferation of GMC were inhibited by CTX, methylprednisolone(MP), low molecular weight heparin(LMWH). Apoptosis of GMC was induced by CTX, the apoptosis rate of GMC was 8.2%, and the Fas level was increased. CONCLUSION: CTX could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of GMC possibly by enhancing the Fas level.

China ; Food ; Food Contamination ; prevention & control ; Food Inspection ; methods ; Plants ; chemistry

Aim To develop a rapid and inexpensive method for purification of human albumin, a method of immunomagnetic microspheres (IMMS) based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)for the purification of human albumin from human serum. Methods Polystyrene magnetic microspheres with carboxyl groups as carriers were prepared, and then the carboxyl groups on the surface of the microspheres were activated by ethylcarbodiimide (EDC). Finally rabbit anti-human serum albumin (HSA) antibodies were covalently bound to it and the complex can specifically capture HSA. After the procedure of capturing HSA, through taking rabbit anti-human albumin protein antibodies as a capture antibody, and goat anti-human albumin protein antibodies as a detection antibody, an ELISA on IMMS was developed, which can determine the recovery yield of HSA from the human serum. Results The result of the experiment was that the recovery of human albumin with IMMS was (86 ± 4) % , and IMMS were reused for two other purifying cycles, the results of which were (69.0 ± 0.6) % and (40.8 ± 0.8) % , and the purity of the product was about 90%. Conclusion The results above prove that the immunomagnetic purifiying strategy was shown to be efficient and offers an new thought for a large scale production of highpurity HSA.