Aim The pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bioavailability of capsule A(Maiwei Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Beijing, China) and capsule B (Xianjing Pharmaceu-tical, Hunan, China) were studied. Methods A single oral dose of 600 mg gemfibrozilof these two kinds of capsules was given to 12 chinese healthy male volunteers in anopen, randomized crossover study. Plasma levels were determined with HPLC-UVmethod. Results The plasma concentration-time curve was fitted to 1-compartmentopen model with a first order and lag time absorption and the major pharmacokineticparameters of capsules A and B were shown respectively as following: C max(32. 69?5. 67 )and (29. 41?2. 60) mg?L-1; Tmax (1. 01?0. 14) and (1. 13?0. 37) h, t1/2ka(0. 46 ? 0. 18) and (0. 62 ? 0. 20) h; C max (1. 11 ? 0. 32) and (1. 32 ? 0. 26) h; MRT(2. 14 ? 0.27) and (2. 37 ? 0.26) h; AUC (91.7 ? 13.2) and (82.2 ? 7. 38) mg?h? L-1. There were no significantly differences between the pharmacokinetic parame-ters of capsule A and B. The relative bioavailability of the capsule A was (110 ? 9) % ascompared to the capsule B. Conclusion The two kinds of capsules have the equivalentbiological effects.

Objective To investigate the effects of recombinant human erythropeietin(rh-EPO)on Bid mRNA and caspase-3 activity in the brain after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD)in neonatal rats and the possible mechanism of the neuroprotective effect of rh-EPO.Methods Ninety 7 day old male SD rats weighing 12-18 g were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=30 each):group Ⅰ sham operation(S);group Ⅱ hypoxia-ischemia group(HI)and group Ⅲ rh-EPO.The animals were anesthetized with ether.Left common carotid artery was ligated with 4-0 silk and 3 days later the animals were placed in a 2 L airtisht vessel filled with 8%O2-92%N2 at 2-3 L/min for 2 h in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ.rh-EPO 3 000 IU/kg in 4 ml/kg normal saline(NS)was administered intraperitoneally after induction of hypoxia-ischemia(HI)in group Ⅲ while in group Ⅱ NS 4 ml/kg was given IP instead.Six animals in each group were killed at 6,12,24,48 and 72 h(T1-5)respectively after IP NS or rh-EPO.Their brains were removed for determination of Bid mRNA expression(by RT-PCR)and caspase-3 activity(by colorimetric method).Results The expression of Bid mRNA was up-regulated and caspase-3 activity was significantly increased in the brain at T1-5 in HIBD group(group Ⅱ)as compared with sham operation group.rh-EPO administration significantly reduced the increase in Bid mRNA expression and caspase-3 activity in the brain induced by hypoxia-ischemia.The expression of Bid mRNA was positively correlated with the caspase-3 activity.Conclusion rh-EPO has protective effects on the brain against hypoxia and ischemia by decreasing the expression of Bid mRNA and caspase-3 activity in the brain.

BACKGROUND: Short-form-36 health survey(SF-36) has good reliability and validity, which is applicable to assess quality of life (QOL) in European and American population.OBJECTIVE: To study the reliability, validity and feasibility of SF-36 scale in the rural elder and evaluate their QOL.DESIGN: It is a cross-sectional study, all participants are sampled by two-phase random sampling.SETTING: Institute of Epidemiology and Hygienic Statistics, China Union Medical University and institute of epidemiology and hygienic statistics in a university.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 687 old people were randomly selected from six villages in Bao' an District of Shenzhen from May to July 2002. Inclusion criteria: All the people were residents and aged 60 years or above. Exclusion criteria: People with severe auditory or mental obstacles were excluded. Totally 666 questionnaires were valid, among them 264 were male and 402 were female.METHODS: All participants were interviewed face to face with SF-36 questionnaire by trained investigators. The feasibility, reliability and validity were the main measures of SF-36 scale.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Split-half reliability, internal consistency, criterion-related validity, discriminant validity and construct validity.RESULTS: SF-36 scale had a good internal consistency, and all Cronbach' α coefficients were equal or more than 0. 8 in 8 dimensions. The split-half reliability of every dimension was preferable and Pearson correlation coefficients were 0.7 or higher except mental health(MH) . Discriminant validity and criterion related validity were obtained and satisfied. Two factors were got by factor analysis, which could account for 63.14% of total variance. Every dimension held a moderate loading in its relevant factor except role-emotion (RE) dimension(≥0.4).CONCLUSION: SF-36 scale is applicable for QOL assessment in the rural elder after some item revisions. The vulnerable elder should be given more attention and care.

Child ; Hemofiltration ; Humans ; Male ; Paraquat ; poisoning ; Poisoning ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To evaluate the role of the expression of protein kinase Cγ and Cα in spinal dorsal horn in the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGluR5)'s participation in the development of morphine tolerance in rats. Methods Thirty-two male SD rats in which the intrathecal (IT) catheter was successfully placed were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 8 each): control group (group C), morphine tolerance group (group M), antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) plus morphine group (group ANT) and mismatch ODN plus morphine group (group MIS). Rats in group M received 0.9% normal saline (NS) 5 μl twice a day for 8 days, and IT morphine 15 μg was injected simultaneously at 6, 7 and 8 days twice a day. Rats in group ANT and MIS received IT antisense and mismatch ODN 30 nmol (in 0.9% NS 5 μl) twice a day for 8 days respectively and IT morphine 15 μg was injected simultaneously at 6, 7 and 8 days twice a day. Rats in group C received NS instead twice a day for 8 days. Paw-withdrawl threshold (PWT) to thermal and mechanical stimulation was measured at 6, 7 and 8 days after ODN injection (T1-3). The animals were killed on 9th day (T4) and the lumbar segment of the spinal cord was removed for determination of the expression of mGluR5, PKCα and PKCγ mRNA (by RT-PCR), PKCαand PKCγ ( by Western blot). Results PWT to thermal and mechanical stimulation was significantly higher at T1.2in group M and MIS and at T1.3 in group ANT, the expression of mGluR5 mRNA, PKCα and PKCγ was significantly higher at T4 in group M and MIS, and mGluR5 mRNA expression was significantly lower at T4 in group ANT than in group C ( P ＜ 0.05). PWT to thermal and mechanical stimulation was significantly higher at T2.3, while the expression of mGluR5 mRNA, PKCα and PKCγ lower at T4 in group ANT than in group M ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion The expression of protein kinase C in spinal dorsal horn plays an important role in the mGluR5's participation in the development of morphine tolerance in rats.

Objective: To study the reliability, validity and feasibility of SF-36 Health Survey Scales in elderly living in rural area around Shenzhen of south China. Method: 666 old people aged 60 or above were assessed with SF-36. Split-half reliability, internal consistency, criterion-related validity, discriminant validity and construct validity of the scale were tested. Result: All Cronbach alpha coefficients were 0.8 or above in eight subscales. The internal consistency was good. The split-half reliability of every subscale was preferable and Person correlation coefficients were 0.7 or higher, except that of Mental Health. Good discriminant validity and criterion related validity were obtained. Factor analysis showed two factors, which could account for 63% of total variance. Every subscale held moderate loading in its relevant facto, except that of Role-Emotion.Conclusion:SF-36 was applicable for life quality assessment in country-dwelling elderly population after some item revisions.

Objective:To explore the expression and biological functions of miR-346 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Methods:63 cases nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue and 34 cases nasopharyngeal non-cancer tissues were collected,the miR-346 expression were detected by Real-time PCR between nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissue and nasopharyngeal non-cancer tissues,6 strains of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines and 1 strain of normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cell immortalized NP69.Two cell lines with middle expression levels in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells lines were selected,and transfected into miR-346 inhibitor,the control group (NC group) were with negative control plasmid transfection,miR-346 expression in two groups were detected by Real-time PCR,the proliferation,apoptosis were detected by Brdu-ELISA and flow cytometry,the migration and invasion were detected by Transwell Chambers experiments.Results:Compared with the nasopharyngeal non-cancer tissues,the miR-346 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma tissues was significantly increased (P =0.000);compared with the normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells NP69.the miR-346 expression in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines was significantly increased (P＜0.05).The CNE-1 and CNE-2 were chose,after the miR-346 inhibitor transfection,the miR-346 expression were significantly lower compared with NC group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).The proliferation of two kinds of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell CNE-1 and CNE-2 were restrained after transfection,the difference showed statistically significant 3 days after transfection (P ＜ 0.05).The apoptosis increased significantly,and the migration cell numbers and invasion cell numbers decreased significantly compared with NC group,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion:miR-346 is overexpression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma,down-regu-lation of miR-346 inhibits the proliferation,migration,invasion,promotes the apoptosis,miR-346 may act as a oncogene and play an important role in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective:To investigate the expression and biological significance of MicroRNA-204 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods: qRT-PCR was applied to detect the relative expression of miR-204 in 43 paired nasopharyngeal carcinoma in comparison to the normal nasal mucosa tissues. Pearson chi-square test was used to analyze the relationship between the miR-204 expression and clinical features. The expressions of Bcl-2 and SIRT1 were measured by immunohistochemistry ( IHC ) , Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between miR-204 and Bcl-2,as well as SIRT1. We then transfected the miR-204 mimics into CNE-2 cells,then the Western blot was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and SIRT1,which were considered as the potential targets of miR-204. Results:The relative expressions of miR-204 was significantly downregulated in NPC tissues compared to those of the matched normal tumor-adjacent tissues(P<0. 05). Low expression of miR-204 was significantly associated with lymphatic metastasis(P<0. 05) and advanced TNM stage(Ⅲ+Ⅳ,P<0. 05). The expressions of Bcl-2 and Sirt1 in lower miR-204 level group were both higher than in higher miR-204 level group ( P<0. 05 ) . Both the mRNA and protin expression in CNE-2 cells were down-regulated after transfection. Conclusion: Low expression of miR-204 is related to the malignant clinicopathological features in NPC tissues,and miR-204 may through down-regulate Bcl-2 and SIRT1 to suppress NPC genesis and development.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection(LTBI),and to identify the risk factors in primary schoolchildren from Shanghai through the population-based field investigation combined with the tuberculosis infection enzyme-linked immunospot assay(T-SPOT.TB)assay.Methods The children in grade 4 and 5 were enrolled from four primary schools in Pudong new district and Yangpu district of Shanghai.Questionnaire interview was applied to investigate the soeiodemographic and clinical information related to LTBI.The T-SPOT.TB assay was used to detect LTBI in the enrolled subjects.Univaitate and multivariate analyses were used to identify the risk factors associated with LTBI among the primary schoolchildren.Results Totally 472 schoolchildren were enrolled in the present study,with 439(93.0%)being vaccinated with bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG) and ten (2.1%) having contact history with tuberculosis (TB) patients.Among the 472 eligible subjects,16(3.4%) children were T-SPOT.TB positive,who had no clinical symptoms andsigns relevant to TB and were defined as LTBI.The LTBI prevalence in BCG vaccinated and unvaccinated children were 2.7% and 12.1%,respectively (OR:6.972;95%CI:1.834-26.500);those in TB contacts and children without TB contact history were 30.0% and 2.8%, respectively (OR: 16. 38; 95% CI: 3. 692-72. 700). Conclusions The prevalence of LTBI among senior schoolchildren in Shanghai is 3.4%. BCG vaccination is protective for children from LTBI, while daily contacts with TB patients increases the risk of LTBI in schoolchildren.

Hepatectomy ; methods ; Hepatic Veins ; surgery ; Humans ; Liver ; surgery