OBJECTIVETo observe the effect and explore the action mechanism of Danhong Injection (DHI) on serum levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1), soluble P-selectin (sP-sel) and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

METHODSSeventy ACS patients scheduled to receive PCI were assigned to two groups. Around PCI, the 34 patients in the control group were treated with conventional therapy and the 36 in the DHI group treated with conventional therapy combined with DHI treatment given from the day of PCI to the 14th day after operation at the dose of 40 mL per day by dissolving in 250 mL of 5% glucose for venous dripping. Plasma levels of ET-1, sP-sel and hs-CRP were detected using ELISA at various time points: before PCI (T0), after PCI (T1), 24 h (T2) and 2 weeks (T3) after PCI. The outcomes were compared between the two groups, and compared with those obtained from 20 healthy persons set as the normal control.

RESULTSAll the three indices in the two patients' group at T0, T1 and T2 were higher than those in the normal control respectively (P < 0.01), while at T3, the indices in the DHI group were lower than the normal control (P > 0.05). Comparisons between the two patients' group showed that the indices were not different at TO, T1 and T2, but at T3, all were lower in the DHI group than in the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSCombined conventional therapy with DHI for 2 weeks can significantly reduce the plasma levels of ET-1, sP-sel and hs-CRP in ACS patients after PCI, suggesting that DHI has certain effects in protecting the endothelial function, inhibiting platelet activation and suppressing inflammatory reaction.

Acute Coronary Syndrome ; blood ; therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; C-Reactive Protein ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Endothelin-1 ; blood ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; P-Selectin ; blood ; Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for quantification of sitagliptin in human plasma and urine had been developed. This method was applied to the pharmacokinetics study of sitagliptin tablet after single- and multiple-dosing in Chinese population. Plasma samples were prepared by a liquid-liquid extracted method, and urine samples were diluted. Compounds were analyzed by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with a electrospray ionization (ESI) interface. Mobile phase consisted of methanol and water (85 : 15, v/v). The linear concentration range of calibration curve was 0.5-1 000 ng.mL-1. and 0.2-100 µg.mL , intra-run/between-run accuracy was 98.98%-103.69% and 97.63%-102.29%, intra-run/between-run precision was <5.51% and 4.26% for plasma and urine sample, respectively. The stability of sitagliptin stock solution was tested for 55 days at -30 °C. Sitagliptin was stable when stored under the following conditions: 24 hours in the autosampler after sample preparation; 24 hours at room temperature, after 3 freeze and thaw cycles (from -30 °C to room temperature), 40 days at -30 °C for plasma and urine samples. The absolute recovery in plasma was 71.1%, and no matrix effect was founded. This method was proved simple, specific, sensitive, rapid and suitable for pharmacokinetics study of sitagliptin in human being.
Calibration ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Humans ; Liquid-Liquid Extraction ; Sitagliptin Phosphate ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; urine ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

The work aims to study the drug metabolizing enzymes involved in the metabolism of butylphthalide and evaluate the induction and inhibition activities of butylphthalide on CYP450 isoenzymes by using in vitro (liver microsome incubation system of rats and human) and in vivo (CYP induced model of rats) method. Butylphthalide was incubated with selective inhibitors of CYP450, and its metabolic rate was determined to identify the metabolizing isoenzymes of NBP in rat (normal and induced rats) and human liver microsomes. The in vitro inhibition effect of butylphthalide on 6 main liver microsomal CYP450 isoenzymes was evaluated by using probe drugs; the induction and inhibition activities in vivo of butylphthalide on CYP450 isoenzymes were evaluated by NBP ig dosing (160 mg x kg(-1)) and iv dosing (20 mg x kg(-1)) in rats. After adding the specific inhibitors of CYP2C11, 2E1 and 3A 1/2 for rat, CYP2C19, 2E1 and 3A4/5 for human, the metabolism of NBP in rat and human liver microsomes were reduced 38.8%, 86.2%, 78.4% and 51.0%, 92.0%, 58.9% of control, respectively. The metabolic rates of NBP in CYP2E1 and 3A 1/2 induced rat liver microsomes were increased 25.5% and 68.9%. High concentration of NBP (≥ 200 μmol x L(-1), in vitro) could inhibit the activities of CYP1A2, 2C6, 2C11 and 2D2 in rats, and high concentration of NBP ( ≥ 15 μmol x L(-1), in vitro) could inhibit the activity of CYP2C19 in human. All the results indicated that NBP should be mainly metabolized by CYP2E1, 2C11 and 3A 1/2 in rats and CYP2E1, 2C19 and 3A4/5 in human. High concentration of NBP could inhibit human CYP2C19 in vitro. No significant induction/inhibition effects of NBP were observed on rat liver CYP450 isoforms after ig 160 mg x kg(-1) NBP or iv 20 mg x kg(-1) NBP.

A rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for quantification of sitagliptin in human plasma and urine had been developed. This method was applied to the pharmacokinetics study of sitagliptin tablet after single- and multiple-dosing in Chinese population. Plasma samples were prepared by a liquid-liquid extracted method, and urine samples were diluted. Compounds were analyzed by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with a electrospray ionization (ESI) interface. Mobile phase consisted of methanol and water (85 : 15, v/v). The linear concentration range of calibration curve was 0.5-1 000 ng.mL-1. and 0.2-100 µg.mL , intra-run/between-run accuracy was 98.98%-103.69% and 97.63%-102.29%, intra-run/between-run precision was <5.51% and 4.26% for plasma and urine sample, respectively. The stability of sitagliptin stock solution was tested for 55 days at -30 °C. Sitagliptin was stable when stored under the following conditions: 24 hours in the autosampler after sample preparation; 24 hours at room temperature, after 3 freeze and thaw cycles (from -30 °C to room temperature), 40 days at -30 °C for plasma and urine samples. The absolute recovery in plasma was 71.1%, and no matrix effect was founded. This method was proved simple, specific, sensitive, rapid and suitable for pharmacokinetics study of sitagliptin in human being.

4 days, so it is recommended to screen such premature infants carefully.

Objective To investigate the anti-HBs level in 15 years after vaccination in adults and newborns in Beijing and provide the suggestion for the adult hepatitis B (HB) immunization plan.Methods A serological survey was conducted in 6 705 subjects aged > 1 year old by multistage randomized cluster sampling in Beijing during August 2013 to February 2014.The subjects who had received a 3-dose recombination HB vaccine when they were newborns or adults aged ≥15 years old and did not undergo revaccination were selected.Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti-HBs) titers and positive rates in 15 years after vaccination were evaluated.Results A total of 129 and 463 subjects who were vaccinated in adults and newborns were enrolled in the study.Based on the self-limited rate(30%) of HBV infection among the general population aged 15 to 59 years, anti-HBs positive rates for the subjects vaccinated in adults were estimated to be 58.6%,62.5 % and 48.4% during 0-4, 5-9 and 10-15years after vaccination respectively.The corresponding median of anti-HBs titers were 288.8, 120.6 and 62.6 mIU/mL.The anti-HBs positive rates for the subjects vaccinated in newborns during 0-4, 5-9 and 10-15 years after vaccination were 83.3%, 47.3% and 43.5%, respectively.The corresponding anti-HBs titers were 71.8, 8.9 and 6.7 mIU/mL.Conclusions The protection afforded by primary immunization with recombination vaccine in adults and newborns lasts at least 15 years.

Objective To explore the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts from 2 sources co-cultured with SD rat Schwann cells(SCs) . Methods Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were obtained by washing the femoral and tibial bone marrow cavities in SD rats. Osteoblast differentiation of the third passage of BMSCs was induced by incubation in osteogenic medium. Primary rat calvarial osteoblasts were obtained by digestion of the calvarial bone in one day old SD rats. The cells were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum(FBS) . SCs of passage 2 were obtained by digestion of sciatic nerve. The SCs were identified by S-100. The proliferation of 2 kinds of osteoblasts co-cultured with SCs was tested using 96 co-culture plate by methyl thiazdyl tetrazolium(MTF). Real-time PCR was used to test the osteoblast differentiation through co-culturing with SCs in 3 d and 7 d. The osteoblasts were implanted in the subtus chamber. The SCs were implanted in the superior chamber. Results SCs enhanced significantly the proliferation of calvarial osteoblasts at 7 time points. The expression levels of OPN mRNA, OCN mRNA, ALP mRNA, and BMP-2 mRNA of the osteoblasts were significantly lower in the experiment group than in the control group in 3 d and 7 d. SCs also enhanced significantly the proliferation of the induced osteoblasts in 5 d, 7 d and 9 d. The expression levels of OPN mRNA, OCN mRNA, ALP mRNA, and BMP-2 mRNA of the induced osteoblasts were significantly higher in the experiment group than in the control group in 3 d and 7 d, except the level of ALP mRNA in 7 d.Conclusions The BMSCs-induced osteoblasts cocultured with SCs may be used as seed cells to construct neurotized tissue engineered bone.

Objective To describe the pathological unit and octagonal en bloc resection for the treatment of ossification ligamentum flavum(OLF)in thoracic spine with spondylotic myelopathy.Methods Ninety-five patients from January 2002 to January 2007 were diagnosed as thoracic OLF,61 males and 34 females with an average age of 53.9 years(range,31-78 years).There were upper thoracic spine OLF in 32 cases,middle thoracic spine OLF in 24 cases and lower thoracic spine OLF in 39 cases.Single-segment OLF was found in 53 cases,double segments OLF was found in 38 cases and three segments OLF was found in 4 cases.CT scan multiplanar co-localized reconstruction was employed to detect the structure of spine with OLF.The Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)lower limb motor function score,sphincter function score and motor function improvement rate were used to evaluate the outcomes.Results CT scan was engaged to observe 141 OLF pathological unite.The OLF pathology unit was defined as all the spine structures between the extension lines of the lower margin of the OLF two adjacent pedicles.Each OLF associates with an OLF pathology unit.The mean follow up duration was 38.3 months(range,24-60 months).Among 86 patients with sensations disturbance before operation,67 totally recovered and 19 relieved after operation.Trunk restrictions in 69 cases before operation were completely recovered after operation.Postoperative JOA sphincter function score was 2.651±0.334,comparing with preoperation score(2.262±0.561),and the difference was statistically significant.Postoperative JOA motor function score was 3.694±0.429,which was significantly increased than preoperative score 1.539±0.873,and motor function recovery rate was 87.57%.There was excellent in 71 cases,good in 17 cases and fair in 5 cases.The excellent and good rate was 94.74%.Conclusion The octagonal en block resection is relative safe for treatment thoracic OLF with myelopathy.Pathological unit of OLF in thoracic spine is more accurate to summarize the pathological contents and features of the OLF and its adjacent structure.

Objective To investigate whether tissue engineered bone with implanted vascular bun-dles can up-regulate release of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in models of femoral defect in rabbits.Methods Thirty-two rabbits were randomized into 2 even groups.In both groups, a segmental bone defect of 15 mm in length was made at the left femur before a tissue engineered bone was inserted into the defect.In the experimental group, a femoral vascular bundle was implanted into the tissue engineered bone.In the control group, there was no vascular implantation.At 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks after implantation, samples were taken to determine new bone formation by histology and expression level of VEGF by immuno-histochemistry.Results The new bone formation was significantly higher in the experimental group at the end of 4, 8, and 12 weeks(P < 0.05) .The expression level of VEGF in the experimental group was also significantly higher than in the control group at all time points after operation, and the expression of VEGF peaked at 4 weeks.Conclusion Tissue engineered bone with vascular bundle implanted can up-regulate VEGF release in models of femoral defect in rabbits.

Bacterial Typing Techniques ; methods ; Brucella ; classification